Nature reserves of Samara and the Volga region. The Volga region covers the territories in the middle and lower reaches of the Volga National Park in the middle Volga region

Volga Federal District >>> National parks and reserves

Walking through reserves and national parks, you will want to take a closer look at their beauty. Admire the brightness and variety of flowers and leaves playing in the sun, feel how a barely perceptible breeze brings a subtle fragrance spilled with flowers. It is impossible to resist the charm of nature parks. And what fun you can get from watching animals!

"Bashkiria"

Founded in 1986, the park with an area of ​​83.2 thousand hectares is located on the southwestern slopes of the Southern Urals, west of the Ural-Tau watershed ridge, in the southeastern part of Bashkiria and includes the water area of ​​the Nugush reservoir. The park was created in order to preserve the unique natural complex of the mountain forests of the Southern Urals. In the park, beekeeping is developed.

The park is famous for its original and richest museum, the author of which is Nature itself, tract Kutuk, where there are almost four dozen caves with the richest calcite deposits. The park has the largest cave in the Urals Sumgan, which goes vertically into the depths of the earth by 120 m and has a passage length of about 10 km. Acquaintance with the amazing world of caves in this karst area will bring you a lot of pleasant and unexpected experiences. You will see rare manifestations of nature natural karst bridge on the river. Couperly And monument of nature "Populations of onion-slanting".

5 excursion routes are organized for you, 24 sanatoriums and recreation centers operate.

The relief of the park ridge-ridged, heavily dissected by deeply incised river valleys. In the western part, the relief is smoothed and wavy, turning into lowland valleys of the floodplain part of the Belaya and Nugush rivers. The southern part (south of the Belaya River) occupies the Zilair mountain plateau. The central, northern and eastern parts of the park are an elevated mountain plateau cut by deep steep-sided ravines, river and stream valleys. River valleys often turn into sheer cliffs up to 150 m high. Kibiz, Utyamysh, Yamantau, Kalu, Kamelya, Sharlak ridges (height from 400 to 600 m above sea level), the tops of which are covered with low "gnarled" subalpine oak forests and dense grasses, decorate the park. The ridges cross the rivers, forming deep and narrow canyons with rocky ledges and various bizarre shapes ("Devil's Finger", "Sphinx", "Castle", "Duck Nose", etc.).

Flow through the park mountain rivers Belaya, Nugush, Kuzha, Uryuk and numerous streams. The picturesque streams Shulgan, Sumgan, Kutuk, Yuriash in the upper reaches disappear underground, paved the way under limestone, forming karst cavities (Kapova cave, Sumgan failure).

rivers and Nugush reservoir the park abound fish. Pike, common taimen, European grayling, pike perch, perch, asp, bream, silver bream, chub, ide, common roach, common gudgeon, bleak, common ruff, burbot live here.

The territory of the park is covered with extensive broad-leaved forests from oak, linden, maple, elm, elm. There are spruce and pine stands. Under the special protection of the park are relic broad-leaved-spruce forests and areas of mountain steppes with rare plant species. Broad-leaved forests (55% linden) interspersed with tall-grass glades and petrophytic meadow steppes are protected.

Vegetable world The park is surprisingly diverse: about 700750 species of vascular plants grow here. Plants characteristic of the steppes, broad-leaved and taiga forests, mountain meadows grow in the park, creating a mosaic of vegetation. Under the canopy of the shady forest, perennial forest grass, obscure lungwort, wild hoof, odorous bedstraw, multicolored bush, yellow greenfinch, and many other plants grow. Orchids adorn the park: two-leaved love, green-flowered love, helmet-bearing and burnt orchid, and egg-shaped cache. Rare plant species also add an unusual variety to the green palette of the forest. Among them are Helm's minuartia, Krasheninnikov's minuartia, real lady's slipper, Russian hazel grouse, silver-leaved kopeechnik, speckled globularia, Clair's astragalus, thin hard-leaved, feathery feather grass, the most beautiful feather grass, Zalessky's feather grass. The herbaceous communities of the park are rich in various species - meadow-forest, steppe and mountain-meadow. Here grow pinnate, pubescent and beautiful feather grass, steppe bluegrass, desert sheep, meadow fescue, soddy pike, fragrant spikelet, steppe timothy grass. Clover and bluebells grow in abundance.

Among mammals inhabiting these endless expanses brown bear, wolf, fox, lynx, badger, pine marten, ermine, weasel, weasel, polecat, European mink, otter. There are hare and hare, flying squirrel, chipmunk, muskrat, water vole, large ground squirrel, steppe marmot, garden dormouse, common hamster, large jerboa. You will see powerful moose and roe deer.

In the park you can meet many "celebrities" from the world of birds. Among its permanent inhabitants are the song thrush, chaffinch, redstart, hazel grouse, woodcock, capercaillie, great spotted woodpecker. Rare species find shelter in the park birds included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation such as the little bustard, osprey, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, steppe eagle, peregrine falcon.

Beekeeping has a long and rich history in Bashkiria. The Bashkirs have long been engaged in beekeeping. Bashkir honey is the most delicious in the world. It is very useful, because it is collected from medicinal plants. The Bashkir airborne bee is protected in the park.

Come to a beautiful land rich in birds, river fish and animals.

"Mary Chodra"

Founded on September 13, 1985 in the Republic of Mari El, the park with an area of ​​36.6 thousand hectares is located in the basin of the river. Ilet (left tributary of the Volga) and covers the southern tip of the Mari-Vyatka rampart. "Mariy Chodra" was created to protect rare and endangered species of flora (115 rare and endangered species of flora are registered in the park), fauna and historical and archaeological monuments.

The beauty of the park annually attracts 40 thousand tourists. Clean fresh air, moderately warm climate (average temperature in July + 18.3°C, January -14.1°C), dense green forest and wonderful lakes are the dream of vacationers. Maple Mountain, lakes Yalchik, Glukhoe, Kichier are especially popular among tourists. The park has water, walking and horse trails. There are 14 tourist routes in total. The special flavor of such a trip is associated with one-story houses with three windows, pastoral landscapes with peacefully grazing cows and importantly strolling chickens. There are 14 recreation facilities for you: tourist centers, recreation centers, tourist campus, student sports camps, sanatoriums.

Why don't you try the traditional local drink koumiss? You will see that it is tastier and healthier than it might seem at first glance.

Relief the park is different. The Mari-Vyatka rampart significantly influenced the landscape of the northeastern part. This part of the park is elevated. Left-bank Trans-Volga sandy lowland. The right bank of the Volga is high. The Mariysko-Vyatka rampart is fabulously beautiful, cut by river valleys, which in some places resemble mountain gorges. To the south, the rampart goes down and breaks up into separate wide tent-shaped uplands Kerebelakskaya, Klenogorskaya and others. The northern slopes of the mountain are steep, in some places scree and cliffs are formed. The territory of the natural park is included in the Ilet high-plain southern taiga region with the development of modern karst.

These places are interesting not only for their geology, but also for their diversity. fauna. There are 50 species of mammals in the park. Chipmunk, weasel, ermine, forest ferret, pine marten and otter live among the beauty of nature. Moose are common, there are wild boars, lynx comes in. Lots of hare and squirrels. Beavers built their huts along the rivers. In the lands of Mariy-Chodry, especially in the Ileti floodplain, bats live in hollows in overmature forests.

Even more numerous inhabitants of the reserve birds. There are more than 100 types of them. This is a black grouse, and a capercaillie, and a hazel grouse. Diurnal birds buzzard, goshawk, black kite, golden eagle flies. The mallard, the teal-whistle nest on the lakes. There are not many seasonal birds. In autumn, diving ducks temporarily stop on the lakes, and in spring the flight over the overflowing rivers is more lively. In autumn and winter, bullfinch, waxwing, sometimes nutcracker, etc. migrate.

A high-water, fast flowing river flows through the park. Ilet river, with tributaries Yushut, Arbayka, Uboy, Petyalka, Timsha and numerous, often nameless rivulets and streams. In the Klenovaya Gora area, more than 20 springs come out to Ilet. At the foot of the mountain, on the left bank of the Ileti, a healing green spring beats. Therapeutic sulfate-calcium water (total mineralization of water 2.3 g/l) is used for diseases of the stomach, liver, urinary tract and metabolic disorders.

The special picturesqueness of the area is given lakes. The Ileti valley, covered with a beautiful forest, is decorated with old forest lakes of various sizes and shapes, many of which are rich in therapeutic mud. Beautiful and transparent forest karst lakes. Undoubtedly, many nature lovers are happy to hide here from the bustle of the city, and in the silence of the forest, they find a healing balm for a weary soul. Lake Yalchik is especially famous. On Lake Yalchik there is a rest house, sports and health and pioneer camps. There are two sanatoriums on Lake Kichier. Lakes Glukhoe, Konanier, Mushander and smaller and more remote ones attract many tourists every year.

Herbal lowland swamps not much in the park. Most (92.8% of the swamp area) swamps are located in river valleys, and the rest of the transitional type swamps are located in poorly dissected watershed areas. Very interesting Iron Swamp. Relic plants grow in sphagnum bogs: marsh hamarbia, magellanic and string-rooted sedges, white gooseberry, multi-eared cotton grass, and sundew.

Forests the park is coniferous-broad-leaved. The hills are covered with oak forests with maple, linden and spruce. Mixed forests of spruce, pine, linden, oak, maple, aspen, elm, floodplain oak forests dominate the valleys. You can meet pine forests with the participation of aspen, birch, spruce. Sphagnum pine forests occupy a special place in the natural complex of the park. In the floodplain of the river there are floodplain oak forests or linden forests, aspen forests and birch forests that replaced them, and in the terraced floodplain and the inner parts of the bends there are alder forests. Occasionally, the floodplains are full of small patches of post-forest meadow vegetation, steppe on the crests.

Vegetation The park is rich and diverse: 774 species and subspecies from 363 genera of 93 families grow here, which makes up more than 67% of the flora of the Mari Republic. Floristically, the territory of the park is located at the junction of the European and West Siberian provinces of the Eurosiberian floristic region. Taiga species grow in the park, both European (European spruce) and Siberian (Siberian fir), along with plants characteristic of forest-steppes (summer oak) and steppes (pinnate feather grass). About 50 species of plants growing in the park are rare for the flora of the Mari Republic.

Mariy Chodra has 10 natural monuments:

• lakes Yalchik, Kichier, Glukhoe, Ergesh-er, Shutier, Kuzh-er, Shungaldan;
• mineral spring "Green Key";
• tract "Maple Mountain";
• "Klenogorsk oak forest".

There are in the park and historical and cultural monuments, archeological monuments:

• "Oak of Pugachev";
• Old Kazan road;
• 27 archaeological sites. The most significant of them is the settlement of Oshutialskoye III (14 dwellings of the Order culture).

"Lower Kama"

Founded on April 20, 1991, the park with an area of ​​26.2 thousand hectares is located in the Republic of Tatarstan along the banks of the Kama, near the cities of Yelabuga, Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk.

Several hiking trails are organized for you in the park. tourist routes through the forest, water routes along the reservoir, along the Kama and Kriusha rivers.

The territory of the park is divided into five zones:

• protected area 1.8 thousand ha (7.1% of the total area). This zone includes plantations with the participation of fir, which are natural monuments, pine reserves, as well as the coastal part of the Kama-Kriushskaya floodplain;
• nature reserve zone 13.0 thousand ha (50.2%);
• ecological forest zone 2.7 thousand ha (10.6%);
• area for mass recreation 3.2 thousand hectares (12.4%);
• area for regulated recreation and excursions 5.1 thousand hectares (19.7%).

Climate temperate continental, with warm summers (average July temperature + 19.6°С) and moderately cold winters (average January temperature -13.8°С).

Relief The park is a stepped dissected plain with an average height of watersheds of 165 m, dissected by river valleys, cut to a depth of up to 70 m. On the high right bank of the Kama River, a ravine-gully network is widely developed and there are landslides.

Flows through the park Kama river, its inflow Criusha river in the area of ​​the village Tanayka, and small rivers Toima And Tanaika. The Kama River divides the park into two landscape parts. In the area of ​​the city of Yelabuga, the Kama River is represented by a reservoir. There are many in the park lakes different sizes.

Forests park coniferous, forest-forming species pine. In pine forests you can find spruce, birch, occasionally larch and aspen. There are not many forests in the park. Forests adorn the banks of the Kama River and scattered islands from it to the north and south. The beauty of nature is especially visible in the valuable forests that adorn the tracts "Big Bor", "Maly Bor", "Tanaika", "Kzyl-Tau". Under their shade, countless plant species grow: oxalis, spear-shaped cacao, double-leaved mink, round-leaved wintergreen, hairy sedge, rhizome sedge, gout, amazing violet and many others. Here you can also collect berries lingonberries and blueberries. A significant part of the forests of these tracts are unique natural monuments.

Vegetation The park has 600 species of vascular plants. Some plants, such as open lumbago, common wolfberry, bathing suit, peach-leaved bell, lily of the valley, club-shaped, annual and flattened clubs, Siberian and calamus irises, are rare in Tataria, and therefore it is very important to protect them so that they survive. In total, there are 89 rare and endangered plant species in the park. Among them are helmet-bearing orchid, river ragwort, sandy immortelle, and black crowberry. And the real and large-flowered slipper found here, the red pollenhead and the helmet-bearing orchis are listed in the Red Book of the USSR. The vegetation in the floodplain of the Kama River is unusually rich and diverse: forests of linden, oak, black poplar, water meadows and swamps. Picturesque water meadows a real green carpet of all kinds of herbs: red and meadow fescue, meadow bluegrass, meadow foxtail, awnless brome, creeping couch grass, mouse pea and others. Various herbs are pleasing to the eye: yarrow, medicinal burnet, meadow geranium, etc. There are also rare floodplain plants such as gentian pulmonary, yellow capsule and white water lily.

This national park is rich animals typical for the east of the middle zone of the European part of Russia. The proximity of some taiga and steppe species of mammals and birds brings its own unique flavor to the wonderful world of nature in the park. Among the rare and endangered species of birds living in the national park are the white-tailed eagle, osprey, golden eagle, short-toed eagle, imperial eagle, peregrine falcon, saker falcon, black stork. Floodplain sparkling lakes and swamps are a wonderful habitat for bitterns, mute swans and common cranes, who raise their chicks there.

In the park, near the city of Yelabuga, there are approximately 80 archaeological sites relating to an even more distant past. The Yelabuga site of the Bronze Age (II millennium BC) and the Neolithic Age (III millennium BC) are known. If we talk about a later time, then the Yelabuga (Devil's) settlement that existed in the rebellious (pre-Mongolian) era (VIII-XIII centuries AD), five Tanai dwellings, the Tanai settlement and a number of burial grounds were found.

"Chavash Varmane"

Located on the territory of the Shemurshinsky and Batyrevsky districts of the Chuvash Republic and founded on June 20, 1993, it covers an area of ​​almost 25,200 hectares, of which 23,680 hectares are forests. The protected paradise, covered with dense forests, attracts more than 1000 visitors annually.

Climate Chavash Varmane Park is temperate continental with rather long cold winters and warm summers.

Relief The park is a series of watersheds between the Abamza River, the White and Black Abyss rivers and their tributaries. The watersheds between these rivers give the area a wide-wave character. The absolute height of the park above sea level is 120160 m. The highest point is 265 m in the eastern part of the park, it is called the "Great Mountain". Most of the park is a sandy lowland, with a dune-hilly type of relief. In this part of the park there are also sandy ridges and dunes, 510 m high, oval in shape, elongated from the northwest to the southeast. In the small eastern part of the park there are narrow watershed plateaus with saddle depressions and hills-outliers and slopes cut by ravines and gullies.

There are many in the national park rivers and streams. Most of the territory belongs to the basin of the Abyss River (a tributary of the Sura) and is located north and south of its valley, with the exception of the extreme northeast, which belongs to the basin of the Karla River. The largest rivers are the White Abyss, Black Abyss, Abamza, Hutamatvar, Khirla, Tyukinka, Tazlovka, Bolshaya Karla, Malaya Karla.

More than 20 in the park lakes, most of which are floodplain. There are also artificial reservoirs and swamps (143 ha). Springs flow along the bottoms and slopes of ravines.

Forests broad-leaved park. The main forest-forming species are pine, birch, aspen, linden. There is oak, spruce and black alder. Unique areas of primary mature forests have been preserved with the participation of pine, spruce, oak, linden, elm, ash, black alder. It is nice to see beautiful shrubs: hazel, mountain ash, red viburnum, brittle buckthorn, warty euonymus, wolf's bast. Occasionally there are common ash, elm, elm, juniper. Siberian cedar and Siberian larch were artificially planted.

Vegetation The park has more than 600 species of vascular plants. Plants characteristic of broad-leaved, coniferous-broad-leaved and pine forests, meadows and, to a lesser extent, steppes grow in the park, creating a richness and diversity of the flora. Some plants, such as beech fegopteris, European bathing suit, common wolfberry, egg-shaped hiding place, marsh napper, creeping gudayera, open backache, yellow egg pod, round-leaved wintergreen, umbrella winter love, marsh calla, spotted fingernail, reviving moonwort are rare in Chuvashia, and therefore, it is very important to protect them so that they survive. In total, there are 21 rare plant species in the park. Among them, red pollenhead and venus slipper are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

106 species grow in the park medicinal plants.

The national park is rich animals: 40 species of mammals, 170 species of birds, 16 species of amphibians and reptiles, 19 species of fish.

If you want to visit this unique park, it would be a good idea to learn something about its past first. You will find that this edge rich story. At different times, the territory was inhabited by different peoples: Burtases, Khazars, Bulgarians-Chuvashs, Kipchaks, Nogais, detachments of Kalmyks, Tatars-Mishars, Mordovians, Mari. This area is also known for being the area of ​​the earliest Russian colonization. Since the time of the “wild field”, the territory has been inhabited by representatives of all ethnographic groups of the Chuvash, but at the same time it reflects, first of all, the history, culture and life of the “Simbirsk” Chuvash.

In the park and surrounding areas, there are approximately 108 monuments of history, archeology, spiritual and material culture: mounds, ancient cemeteries, tombstones with Arabic graphics, early Bulgarian and medieval settlements, etc. Archaeological monuments of different historical eras were found here. In the park, you can see three sacred places where sacrifices were made to pagan gods and spirits and where they prayed. It is interesting to see the Tigashevsky Bulgarian settlement - a castle with a complex system of fortifications on the river. Bule (Batyrevsky district) and the complex of the Karlinskaya notch line. If we talk about even more ancient times, then there are paleontological finds from the era of the last glaciation.

A training guide has been developed for visitors ecological trail 7 km long, laid along the most picturesque part of the park.

"Samarskaya Luka"

Those who love history will definitely visit this park in the Samara region. Its history keeps the memory of Yermak, Stepan Razin and Emelyan Pugachev. You can admire the expanses of the Volga during the Zhigulevskaya round-the-world water route. Travel companies organize bicycle and horseback tours. You will also see the most mysterious and beautiful place in the park - the Stone Bowl with a healing spring.

"Khvalynsky"

In the Saratov region there is a fascinating and beautiful place Khvalynsky National Park! Picturesque chalk mountains, overgrown with relic pines and "rejuvenating" Khvalynsk apples. Excursions along ecological paths will acquaint you with the history of the region. Local healers will teach you the principles of herbal and hydrotherapy.

Visit nature reserves Volga Federal District. Acquainted with animals and flora, you will get a great impression and aesthetic pleasure, broaden your horizons.

"Shulgan-Tash"

In the western foothills of the Southern Urals, within the Burzyansky administrative region of the Republic of Bashkortostan, there is the Shulgan-Tash nature reserve. A place of irresistible beauty! The relief here is varied, including mountain landscapes with rocks, narrow gorges with karst caves, smoothed, forested peaks, and steppe areas. Many mountain rivers and streams.

To engage in beekeeping means to observe everyday miracles. Until now, no one has been able to fully understand the highly organized social life, the highest skill of communication and the amazing industriousness of the honey bee. Not every one of us has the opportunity to do beekeeping. But watch the unique wild Burzyan bee you can in Shulgan-Tash. Here is one of the last places of the preserved population of the Central Russian wild bee.

In the reserve you can see the famous "Kapova Cave", a monument of nature, decorated with magnificent calcite sinter formations, and in winter with ice stalactites and stalagmites.

"Mordovian"

In the Republic of Mordovia, in 1935, the Mordovian Reserve was founded in order to preserve the natural landscapes of the southern woodlands. With an area of ​​32,200 hectares, the reserve is located in the eastern part of the Oka-Klyazma lowland between the Moksha River and its right tributary Satis.

The silence of the forest is broken by the singing of birds. The sun is pleasantly warm. The air is filled with the aromas of herbs and the delicate, barely perceptible aroma of raspberries, bird cherry, blackberries. Pine forests are replaced by broad-leaved forests with birches, aspens and lindens.

"Volzhsko-Kamsky"

In the Republic of Tatarstan, in the east of the middle zone of the European part of Russia, on the border of the forest zone and the steppe zone, where the Kama flows into the Volga, the Volga-Kama Reserve is located. It consists of two separate sections: Raifsky and Saralovsky. Raifa is truly a pearl of the Volga region. It is difficult to find such a place where, in a small area, forests of all the main types characteristic of the central zone of the European part of Russia would grow, and where plantations over 200 years old could be found. And here is the wonderful Raifa Lake, a really dark blue pearl. Miracle, how good!

You will get great pleasure by visiting Asia and America at the same time. "Is this possible?" you ask. Perhaps if Raifa Dendrological Garden with American and Asian departments. There are 172 species of trees and shrubs in the garden. What a spectacle!

"Nurgush"

The reserve "Nurgush" is located in the Kirov region. Here you will not find canyons a kilometer deep, or sheer cliffs that take your breath away, or majestic waterfalls that are definitely worth capturing on film, or elk walking in the wild, or sluggish grizzly bears that can be admired from a safe distance. But these places, covered with valley coniferous-deciduous forests and swamps, are home to 36 species of mammals and 110 species of nesting birds. Here you can meet the very first lumberjack beaver.

"Kerzhensky"

This reserve is located in the Nizhny Novgorod region, on the left bank of the Kerzhenets River, along which swamps stretch in a wide strip. Many nature lovers are happy to hide here from the bustle of the city, and in the silence of the forest, the measured noise of a running river, they find a healing balm for a weary soul. Walking through the reserve, you can see all the diversity of the local landscape: birch forests, pine forests, meadows, wastelands, swamps, as well as sand dunes, mounds and ridges.

"Vishersky"

In the Vishera Reserve (Perm Region) there is a special attraction cedar forests. The trees are strikingly tall and massive, reaching 37 meters in height and 12 meters in circumference, their roots are long and strong. It is no wonder that many foresters today call cedars "the royal glory of the plant world"! The reserve has unusual geological formations and interesting fauna such as reindeer, sable, European mink, peregrine falcon, white-tailed eagle.

Zhigulevsky

This place in the Samara region enchants those who visit it. A unique, amazing corner of the earth! The landscape is made up of limestone cliffs and cliffs of the Zhiguli Mountains, deep valleys in the north of the reserve, turning into the rocky steppe of its southern part, the islands of Seredysh and Shalyga, formed by sand drifts. An amazing feature of the Zhiguli Nature Reserve is its wonderful, unique flora. Deciduous forests and oak forests can be found on the northern slopes of the Zhiguli Mountains, and pine forests in the valleys and on the plateau. On the southern slopes of the Zhiguli Mountains there is a stony steppe and it seems that a huge part of this “mystical lunar landscape” is completely devoid of soil. 680 species of plants grow in the reserve. Here you can find plants characteristic of the forest-steppe and dry steppes, relics of the Tertiary and Ice Ages (globularia, Cossack juniper, Tatar corostavnik), endemic species (frost-grass wheatgrass, thin-legged hard-leaved, Zhiguli thyme, Zinger's astragalus).

Other reserves of the Volga Federal District:

• "Bashkirsky" (Republic of Bashkortostan);
• "Big Kokshaga" (Republic of Mari El);
• "Prisursky" (Chuvash Republic);
• "Orenburgsky" (Orenburg region). On the territory of the reserve there are karst lakes Kaskol.
• "Privolzhskaya forest-steppe" (Penza region);
• "Basegi" (Perm region);
• "Tulvinsky" reserve (Perm region);
• "Buzuluksky pine forest" (Samara region);
• "Vasilyevsky Islands" landscape reserve (Samara region).

In the north of the Saratov region, at the junction of the Middle and Lower Volga regions, there is the only national park in the Lower Volga region - the Khvalynsky National Park. It was formed in 1994. In the north of the Saratov region, at the junction of the Middle and Lower Volga regions, there is the only national park in the Lower Volga region - the Khvalynsky National Park. It was formed in 1994.

The uniqueness of its nature is due to the fact that the Khvalynsky mountains, within which the park is located, are the highest in the Volga Upland. The Khvalynsk Volga region is a typical and at the same time extremely peculiar corner of the southeastern part of the Russian Plain. The Khvalynsk mountains bear all its features in the most expressive form. The uniqueness of its nature is due to the fact that the Khvalynsky mountains, within which the park is located, are the highest in the Volga Upland. The Khvalynsk Volga region is a typical and at the same time extremely peculiar corner of the southeastern part of the Russian Plain. The Khvalynsk mountains bear all its features in the most expressive form.

Forest and forest-steppe geoecosystems on carbonate and siliceous rocks are the most interesting valuable component of the natural heritage of the park, its main natural and recreational resource. Forest and forest-steppe geoecosystems on carbonate and siliceous rocks are the most interesting valuable component of the natural heritage of the park, its main natural and recreational resource.

The central part of the park (Water Dividing Massif) occupies the main watershed of the Khvalynsk Mountains. This is the most elevated part of the territory, where individual hills reach m. absolute height, which is the highest mark. The central part of the park (Water Dividing Massif) occupies the main watershed of the Khvalynsk Mountains. This is the most elevated part of the territory, where individual hills reach m. absolute height, which is the highest mark.

The western part of the park (Western macroslope) has a relatively smooth relief with gentle and poorly covered slopes, dissected by long beams flowing into the river. Tereshka. The western part of the park (Western macroslope) has a relatively smooth relief with gentle and poorly covered slopes, dissected by long beams flowing into the river. Tereshka.

The eastern part of the park (Eastern macroslope and terraces of the Volga River) consists of two sections - a steep eastern slope, with gullies and ravines deeply cut into the thickness of the Cretaceous rocks, and the foot of the slope. The eastern part of the park (Eastern macroslope and terraces of the Volga River) consists of two sections - a steep eastern slope, with gullies and ravines deeply cut into the thickness of the Cretaceous rocks, and the foot of the slope.

53 species of mammals were reliably found on the territory of the National Park "Khvalynsky": 5 - insectivorous, 9 - bats, 2 - hares, 23 - rodents, 10 - carnivores, 4 - artiodactyls. 53 species of mammals were reliably found on the territory of the National Park "Khvalynsky": 5 - insectivorous, 9 - bats, 2 - hares, 23 - rodents, 10 - carnivores, 4 - artiodactyls.

The guide to the national parks of Russia is the first popular publication of its kind, and its release is timed to coincide with an important anniversary - the 90th anniversary of the reserve system of our country. It opens a series of publications dedicated to specially protected natural areas of Russia, which focus on the brightest and most unique natural objects of exceptional interest to travel and nature lovers.

The history of the creation of national parks in Russia has a little more than 20 years, and it is already clear that this is one of the most effective forms of protected areas. National parks not only preserve unique natural and historical and cultural complexes, but also carry out the development of ecological tourism, the promotion of environmental education.

All over the world, national parks are very popular among tourists, as they contain unique natural, historical and cultural attractions in their original form, combined with a developed infrastructure for recreation.

There are only 35 national parks in Russia. However, the territories of the parks cover almost all natural zones: from the harsh taiga of the Russian North to the snowy peaks of the Caucasus, from the sand dunes of the Baltic Sea to deep-water Baikal and the mountainous regions of southern Transbaikalia. Some of the parks are located in hard-to-reach places, where literally no human foot has set foot. Others, on the contrary, have a long history of development and are located in densely populated areas. But all of them are united by a huge number of attractions located in a limited area: be it natural unique landscapes; diverse, sometimes very rare representatives of the animal and plant world; historical and cultural monuments; original way of life and nature management of local residents.

We hope that this guide will not leave you indifferent to the unique beauties of Russia and will invite you to make more than one trip to its national parks.

Yuri Trutnev, Minister of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation

Russia has a rich history of nature conservation in specially designated vast areas. The first reserve in Russia - Barguzinsky was founded 90 years ago. Over the past almost century, a unique, unparalleled system of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) has been formed, which is a national treasure of our country. The official concept of protected areas combines 6 main categories: state nature reserves, national parks, natural monuments, wildlife sanctuaries, resorts and sanatorium areas, botanical gardens and arboretums.

National parks are one of the most accessible protected natural areas for eco-tourism. Of course, the main purpose of protected areas is the preservation of unique natural objects and landscapes. But most of them have special zones open to the public. Since national parks are the most popular among tourists, we decided to open a series of guides to protected areas from them.

The first national parks in Russia - Sochi and Losiny Ostrov - were established in 1983. Since then, 33 more parks have been created. In some parks, remote from industrial and agricultural centers, nature has been preserved almost in its original form, and here you can see a large number of natural attractions: unique landscapes, geological and mineralogical rarities, endangered species of animals and plants. Other parks, with a centuries-old history of environmental conservation, have preserved many monuments of original culture. Despite the ever-increasing number of visitors to the parks, there is currently an acute shortage of reference and popular literature such as guidebooks, in which you can learn not only about natural attractions and monuments of historical and cultural heritage, but also learn practical information about the possibilities to visit the park. The reader will find all this in the guidebooks that we have prepared for him.

In this publication, national parks are grouped according to 6 geographical divisions of Russia: parks of the North-West (7), Center (7), Volga region (7), North Caucasus (3), Urals (5) and Siberia (6). They, in turn, are grouped into 3 issues: 1 - North-West and Center, 2 - the Volga region and the North Caucasus, 3 - the Urals and Siberia.

The order of placement of essays for each park in a separate geographical division is determined according to the classical principle: from north to south and from west to east. Almost every essay is preceded by the emblem of the park. In some parks, the emblems are stylized, in others they carry a certain semantic load.

Reference information for each park (“Contact information”, “How to get there”, “Accommodation”, “Park services”) is updated and carefully checked, but does not guarantee the complete absence of inaccuracies.

A large team took part in the preparation of the initial information materials for the guide to the national parks of the Urals and Siberia, bringing together the following directors of parks, their deputies for science and environmental education and tourism, employees of scientific departments and departments for environmental education and tourism: B.A. Garifulina, I.I. Berkutova, S.V. Bratukhina, A.V. Bryukhanov, V.I. Grishchenko, N.N. Starch, V.S. Melnikova, B.B. Nimaeva, V.I. Sobchuk, V.A. Tolmacheva, T.S. Fomichev (directors); M.Yu. Bratukhin, E.F. Bulgakov, E.M. Voroshilov, N.A. Gilev, S.A. Gorodilov, R.Z. Daminova, N.V. Dyubanov, L.M. Ermakov, E.E. Efimov, B.A. Zandanov, V.V. Kaliman, I.A. Kozhevnikov, E.M. Kurbanaev, A.V. Lagunova, A.M. Lekhatinova, E.B. Lekhatinov, O.D. Nimaeva, E.D. Ovdina, T.V. Pashkov, L.B. Pershin, A.E. Razuvaeva, V.V. Ryabtseva, M.S. Seredu, O.A. Skosyrskaya, V.P. Storozheva, L.A. Sultangareev, S.M. Sushkeeva, D.Yu. Syrenova, M.G. Tropin, A.E. Turuta, V.V. Umrilov, K.A. Firtseva, I.Ch. Chimitova, E.I. Chimitov, L.P. Shrager, E.I. Shubnitsyn.

An employee of the Central Bureau of Information of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation S.L. Federation Filippov and specialists of the firm "Ecoconsult" I.Yu. Gubenko and S.N. Konyaev.

In preparing the guide, materials published in various booklets, brochures, albums of national parks published in recent years, as well as materials posted on the official websites of the parks, were also used.

The publication is illustrated with photographs of famous nature photographers, as well as photographs kindly provided by the directorates of parks from their photo archives. The authors of the corresponding photographs are indicated on p. 216.

For the first time in this guide, maps with detailed borders, updated according to official documents, are published. The basis for the creation of maps was a spatial database on the boundaries of federal specially protected natural areas, developed by the Wildlife Conservation Center Charitable Foundation, the International Public Organization International Socio-Ecological Union and the World Resources Institute. The administrative centers of the parks located on their territory are shown as red flags on maps for ease of orientation.

We hope that this guide will find its readers and become a useful guide during their travels in the national parks of Russia.

Vladimir Gorbatovsky, Central Bureau of Information of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation

Practical Information

• The procedure for issuing a permit
• Behavior rules
• Nutrition
• Clothing and footwear
• Security questions
• Information on the Internet

General information

• Characteristic
• Symbolism
• Security

National parks of the Volga region

• "Mary Chodra"
• "Lower Kama"
• "Nechkinsky"
• "Smolny"
• "Chavash Varmane"
• "Samarskaya Luka"
• "Khvalynsky"

A unique network of various specially protected natural areas has been formed in the Samara Region. It is based on federal protected areas: the Zhiguli State Nature Reserve named after V.I. I.I. Sprygin, Samarskaya Luka National Park, Buzuluksky Bor National Park; as well as protected areas of regional importance and other protected areas.

Zhiguli State Reserve named after I.I. Sprygin.
The reserve is located in the Middle Volga region in the most elevated part of the Samarskaya Luka - Zhiguli mountains - in the western part of the Samara region.
The reserve is particularly distinguished by the diversity of flora and fauna.
The floristic richness of the reserve is currently determined in 1149 species of autotrophic plants.
Of the 1022 species of vascular plants of the flora of the reserve, 178 species are recognized as having special scientific significance.
Most of the territory of the reserve (95%) is covered with forests.
In the reserve, meetings of 229 species of birds (about 80% of the species of the avifauna of the Samara region) were reliably recorded, of which
150 are regularly found on the territory and near the borders of the reserve
The modern composition of the mammalian fauna includes 48 species of animals belonging to 6 orders, 15 families and 34 genera (which is 63% of the number of mammal species in the Samara region).
The fauna of invertebrates is also very diverse - more than 7 thousand species.
At the same time, even in specially protected natural areas, there are facts of processes of degradation of ecological systems. Here, the area of ​​pine forests has significantly decreased, and tall oak forests have almost completely disappeared. The economic development of the territory of the Samarskaya Luka caused significant damage to the flora and fauna.

National Park "Samarskaya Luka"
Modern ecosystems of the Samarskaya Luka are a refuge for a large number of endangered plants and animals. In the flora of Samarskaya Luka, 1302 species of vascular plants were noted, among which 102 species are endemic and 60 species are relict plants. 44 species of vascular plants are extremely rare.
The degree of conservation of natural territorial complexes in the park is lower than in the territory of the Zhiguli nature reserve, while the species diversity of the national park is richer due to floodplain species - there are currently 61 species of mammals, 213 species of birds (about 150 nesting), 9 species of reptiles, 8 species of amphibians and about 45 species of fish.
As a result of intensive logging, carried out before the establishment of the national park, the structure of forest communities has changed significantly. Basically, middle-aged forests dominate with the dominance of one of the species: linden, oak, aspen.
The state of trees and shrubs according to the results of 2011 is assessed as satisfactory.
According to the results of 2011, there was no noticeable decrease in the number of the main species of vertebrates.

National Park "Buzuluksky Bor"
On the territory of the Samara and Orenburg regions in the floodplain of the Samara River, its tributaries of the Borovka and Koltubanka rivers, on the first and second terraces above the floodplain, there is a unique forest massif Buzuluksky pine forest.
Facilitating rainfall and snow accumulation, favoring the transfer of surface melt water to groundwater, boron restrains water erosion of soils and regulates water reserves in the basins of the rivers Borovka, Chertakly, Mushtai, Koltuban, Taneevka and others.
In the modern vegetation cover of the Buzuluk pine forest, according to the floristic studies carried out in recent years, there are 679 species of vascular plants belonging to 353 genera, 96 families, 7 classes and 5 divisions. 55 species of mammals, about 180 species of reptiles, 6 species of amphibians, 24 species of fish live on the territory of the forest. Of the total number of inhabitants of the forest, some species are protected and listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the Orenburg and Samara regions.

Specially protected natural areas of regional importance
The system of specially protected natural territories of regional importance in the Samara region is currently represented by one, the largest category of protected areas - natural monuments of regional importance (in 2011 there were 214 of them).
The share of the area of ​​protected areas of regional importance in the total area of ​​the territory of the Samara region in 2011 reached 0.8%.
As of December 31, 2011, the inventory and land management of all existing natural monuments was completed, their boundaries were approved, the regulations for natural monuments of regional significance were developed and approved by the Government of the Samara Region.

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Tatarstan is a region with endless forests, spacious well-groomed fields, deep rivers, numerous springs and lakes. The nature of this region is rich in deciduous and coniferous forests, which are the habitat of various forest inhabitants, and the most beautiful numerous reservoirs are full of various types of fish.

The reserves of Tatarstan include beautiful ice lakes, deep caves, forests and other natural objects. Having been here, you can feel all the magical power and power of nature.

general information

What reserves and national parks are there in Tatarstan? The natural reserve fund of Tatarstan includes a total of 154 specially protected natural objects, including the following:

• State Volga-Kama Biosphere Reserve;
• "Lower Kama" - state national park;
• 24 different profiles of natural state reserves of regional significance;
• natural monuments (total 127) of regional significance, including 64 water (springs, lakes, rivers) and 63 land;
• one natural, specially protected area of ​​local importance.

All of them occupy an area of ​​133,625 hectares, which is about 2% of the entire area of ​​the republic.

Below is a list of the most significant nature reserves and national parks in Tatarstan. On the territory of the republic, the Volga-Kama Reserve and the Nizhnyaya Kama National Park are especially large and important natural objects (for more information about them, see the article below).

List of national reserves of Tatarstan

1. Bilyar State Historical-Archaeological and Natural Museum-Reserve (village of Bilyarsk).
2. Historical and architectural Bulgarian museum-reserve (Spassky district).
3. Volga-Kama State Natural Biosphere Reserve (Raifsky area).
4. Yelabuga Historical, Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve (city of Yelabuga).
5. Iske-Kazan Historical, Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve (v. Kamaevo).
6. The Kazan Kremlin is a historical, architectural and art museum-reserve (Kazan).

Among the large natural areas protected by the state is the Nizhnyaya Kama (a national park near the city of Yelabuga).

Let us present in more detail the two most significant natural objects for the republic and the whole country.

Volga-Kama Nature Reserve of Tatarstan

In the eastern territory of the European part of Russia (the east of the Republic of Tatarstan), where the Kama flows into the Volga and where the border between the forest and steppe zones is located, the Volga-Kama Reserve extends. It consists of 2 separate sections: Saralovsky (Laishevsky district of the republic) and Raifsky.

The unique reserve of Tatarstan was founded in 1960. The purpose of its creation is the study and preservation of the natural complexes of the Trans-Volga region.

The Saralovsky section, which includes the water area of ​​the Kuibyshev reservoir, has its own characteristics. Here you can observe the life of animals in natural conditions.

The main attraction of this site is the white-tailed eagle bird (listed in the International Red Book). There is a specially equipped place where you can admire this rare bird, flights of gulls, kites and other birds. Here, it is quite common to see an elk swimming across the channel, a raccoon dog and a beaver.

The area of ​​the entire reserve is 10 thousand hectares.

Raifa section

This part of the reserve is located on the territory of the Zelenodolsky district. Its natural zone is a real pearl of the Volga region. It's hard to find a place like it. In a relatively small area, forests of almost all types characteristic of central Russia grow, as well as plantations that are more than 250-300 years old.

What is one Lake Raifskoe worth - a wonderful reservoir with dark blue water! On the territory of the site there are also lakes formed as a result of karst processes, and sphagnum bogs, reserves of relics of the glacial era.

The Raifa Dendrological Garden (area - 3.5 hectares) in its departments presents Asian and American vegetation for visitors. In total, more than 500 species of shrubs and trees grow here - the largest collection in the entire Volga region.

On the territory of the protected zone of this site there is a unique historical architectural monument of the 17th century - the male Raifa Bogoroditsky Monastery.

The Raifa Museum of Nature exhibits more than 50 species of the inhabitants of the reserve. The complex is equipped with multimedia equipment that allows showing films and lecturing on natural topics.

Nizhnyaya Kama National Park

The park is located on the territory of 2 administrative districts of Tatarstan: Tukaevsky and Yelabuga. There are several water (Kriushe and Kama rivers) and land (through forests) routes for tourists on the territory of the park.

The territory occupies a section of the lower reaches of the Kama and, in its relief, is a dissected stepped plain with watershed heights up to 165 meters on average. A characteristic feature is the wide development of a ravine-beam network, mainly tied to the right, higher bank of the Kama.

The fauna is represented by representatives of the animal world typical of the eastern part of central Russia, but taiga and steppe species of mammals and birds give it a special flavor: chipmunk, red-backed vole, steppe lemming, hoopoe, roller roll.

The park was founded in April 1991. Its area is 26.2 hectares. The park is located not far from the cities of Nizhnekamsk, Yelabuga and Naberezhnye Chelny.

It should be noted that there are about 80 archaeological sites near the city of Yelabuga: Yelabuga site of the Bronze Age (2000 BC); Neolithic site (3000 BC); Elabuga or Devil's settlement (VIII-XIII centuries AD); Tanai settlement and its dwellings; several cemeteries.

Conclusion

All the reserves that exist in Tatarstan store a huge natural wealth and important information about ancient historical events, about the culture of past times, traditions and customs of the peoples who once lived in these most beautiful places rich in natural gifts.

And today, a huge work is being carried out in the republic on a national scale to increase such sites in order to preserve and enhance the natural and historical heritage.