The history of the origin of postal services and the emergence of courier services. Remarkable facts about courier delivery What adorned the hat of couriers of ancient Rome

In ancient times, and in the Middle Ages, too, a messenger (as couriers were called in those days) who delivered a message with bad news was often threatened with death. Such messengers were often executed - remember from Pushkin in "The Tale of Tsar Saltan": "In anger, he began to perform miracles / And he ordered the messenger to be hanged." Only 150-200 years ago, the delivery time of letters and parcels, even within one country like Russia, could be measured in years. If the letter was on the way for less than 6 months, it was considered that it reached very quickly.

Today, the courier service in Russia is established at the highest level, and among all others, the delivery of parcels in St. Petersburg "Express Tochka Ru" stands out - this company has established itself at the highest level - saving time and money.

Organization of the postal service in the land of the Incas
Before its death as a result of the invasion of the conquistadors, the Inca civilization occupied a vast territory in South America. One of the main achievements of this civilization is considered to be an excellently organized courier service at an accessible technical level. The Inca country had an extensive road network, and the roads were well equipped. Every 7.2 km there was always a sign with information about the distance to the nearest city, after 19-29 km there were special stations designed for travelers to relax. Specialized courier stations were placed very often: with an interval of 2.5 km. Inca couriers (“chaskies”) delivered their cargo (sometimes they were verbal messages) by relay race: having arrived at the station, the tired courier handed over his burden to the rested one, and he immediately continued on his way. This process went on around the clock. Thus, dispatches were delivered over distances of up to 2,000 km. for less than 5 days.


The principle of the relay has been borrowed and implemented in many countries. So in the developed part of the territory of Russia in the 17th-20th centuries there was an extensive network of postal stations, where government couriers, as well as other persons traveling on state business, could rest and / or change tired horses for fresh ones.

Courier services of antiquity
In ancient Rome, courier delivery was very high quality. It was thanks to her that residents of remote provinces could relatively quickly learn about the news. The position of the state (during the Republic) and later, the imperial courier was very prestigious and highly paid.

China in ancient times was a centralized state with a developed management structure. Naturally, he also could not do without an organized courier service. It was in China that they first began to issue special sheets of paper with reports of important news, which were delivered by couriers to all parts of the Celestial Empire.

Perhaps the most famous courier of the ancient world is the Greek Phillipides, who delivered to Athens the news of the victory over the Persian army in the Battle of Marathon. Having run 42 km, 195 m without rest, from the battlefield to the central square of Athens, he shouted “Rejoice! We whitewashed! and fell dead. It was in his honor that the competitions in the discipline "Marathon running" were introduced into the program of the Olympic Games, which are still held today.

Organization of postal and courier service in Russia
The first specialized service for the delivery of written correspondence was organized in Rus' as early as the 13th century. It was called the "pit chase" and was a very original purely Russian institution, which, not without changes, continued to exist almost until the end of the 19th century. The profession of a coachman was one of the most massive.


From the 16th century in order to improve accounting and introduce the personal responsibility of the messenger for the safety and timeliness of delivery of correspondence, special "marks" began to be affixed on the packaging of documents, which became the prototypes of the postmark. Since the 17th century such marks indicated the personal data of the messenger and the date of delivery of the document.

In 1665, the Moscow-Riga postal and courier route was laid, and 4 years later, a similar route to Vilnius. So for the first time regular postal communication with Europe was organized.

On November 17, 1710, Peter I signed a decree on the organization of a specialized courier route Moscow - St. Petersburg. And after 6 years, 30.03. In 1716, the same Peter I approved the All-Russian military field courier service.

Since 1783, uniform postal rates began to operate in Russia. The price was determined taking into account the weight of the item and the distance to the addressee.

Since 1837, railways have been used to transport mail in Russia. Moreover, Russia was one of the first states where rail mail transportation was put on a regular basis.

At the beginning of the XIX century. The Russian postal and courier service consisted of approximately 460 institutions, and the total number of couriers who served in them was 5 thousand people.

IN THE USA
The first regular services for the delivery of small goods (up to flowers), as well as mail in the United States, began to be provided by UPS in 1907.
Since 1946, the TNT company, created by K. Thomas, began to provide its services. It was this company that established regular long-distance mail service. Among the innovations of Thomas, we can note the introduction of delivery services with a return receipt, when the sender received from the company a certificate of delivery of his shipment, signed by the recipient.
Since 1969, airplanes have been regularly used for courier delivery. It was from this moment that courier delivery service companies could begin to cover the whole world with their activities, and not individual regions.

Today another intellectual game "Who wants to become a millionaire?" took place. In this article, you can see answers to all the questions in "Who wants to be a millionaire?" for May 13, 2017 . Two pairs of players participated in the game with host Dmitry Dibrov today. Below are the questions and answers themselves, I decided not to write answer options so as not to distract readers, because you only need the necessary information.

The first pair of players in the game "Who wants to be a millionaire?" for 05/13/2017

1. What is the name of a person who performs small, uncomplicated assignments?

• errand boy

2.What was the Soviet pioneer supposed to answer to the call “Be ready!”?

• "Always ready!"

3. Where is the heroine of the song performed by Lyubov Uspenskaya going to sit?

• into a convertible

4.What can be earned in many games?

5. Who sang ditties in the cartoon "Flying Ship"?

• Grandmothers-hedgehogs

6. What predator lives high in the mountains?

• Snow Leopard

7.What, besides horsepower, is the power of a car measured in?

• in kilowatts

8. What was the nickname of Sir Lancelot, Knight of the Round Table?

• Ozerny

9. The melody of which song of the bard Sergei Nikitin was recorded by the orchestra of Paul Mauriat?

• "To the music of Vivaldi"

10. What adorned the hats of postal couriers of ancient Rome?

• wings

11.Which artist's house is one of the most famous museums in Amsterdam?

• Rembrandt

The players of the first pair did not win anything and left without a penny of money won.

The second pair of players in the program "Who wants to be a millionaire?" for 05/13/2017

1. What are animal and plant organisms made of?

• from cells

2. How did Ershov describe the Humpbacked Horse: “On his back with two humps and…”?

• with yard ears

3. What is used in acupuncture?

• needles

4.Which play by Shakespeare was the basis for the musical "Kiss Me Kat"?

• "The Taming of the Shrew"

5.What do koalas eat?

• eucalyptus leaves

6. What country's martial arts are known as wushu?

• China

7. From which Pushkin's poem did Vladimir Motyl take the title for his film "The Star of Captivating Happiness"?

• "To Chaadaev"

8. What letter does a rugby goal resemble?

9. What musical instrument is depicted on the coat of arms of Ireland?

10. On which lake did Tsar Peter I build the Amusing Flotilla?

• Pleshcheyevo

The players answered incorrectly and left without a penny of money won.

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Postal history

Postal history: how postal services appeared

Even in ancient times, people felt the need to receive various news from other countries or populated areas. Oral or written news was brought to the city by messengers. But, the more perfect human civilization became, the more changes occurred in the methods and forms of postal communication.

It was through the use of voice to convey information that articulate speech arose. But, the disadvantage of this way of transmitting news was that the human voice is heard only at a short distance. As a result of this, hollow tree trunks were used to amplify the voice, as well as drums that notify the people of the approach of the messenger. At first, the messengers covered different distances on foot, and later horse messengers appeared. In ancient times, the state postal service was established, which consisted of written messages delivered by messengers on the basis of a relay race.

The beginning of the emergence of postal communication is the birth of writing. Since the advent of slave-owning countries, it has become necessary for rulers to be aware of everything that happens in their country. THEN postal service became streamlined. The first institutions of such a postal service appeared in ancient times. At first, these institutions were exclusively military in nature. The most developed postal communications were considered in Egypt, they can be considered the forerunner of modern mail.

The mail of Ancient Egypt consisted of numerous messengers supplying the pharaohs with information. The messengers needed to cover long distances in the shortest possible time, so carrier pigeons were also used as postmen. Such a postal system gradually began to appear in other countries.

In ancient Rome, only the rich could afford their own messengers. The state post office was founded by Julius Caesar. She was directly subordinate to the emperor and was not intended for private use. On land, postal transportation was carried out with the help of horses, by sea they were transported by ships. In large centers there were special stations that served as a haven for riders during a long journey. Here, prepared horses and wagons were waiting for them in case of such need. between each two such stations there were smaller ones. In those days, the phrase "Statio posita in ..." was used, which meant "station located in ...". It is from the word "posita" that the word "post" came from - mail.

With the development of trade and crafts, interest in the transmission of messages increased, mailing letters. This contributed to the emergence of a variety of messenger services and post offices that served artisans and merchants. Merchant mail was located in large trading houses with their own couriers.

In the 19th century, with the advent of railroads and shipping companies, and in the 20th century also of the airplane, the speed of mailing lists increased significantly. The post office acquired national importance and began to serve all citizens. The railway network developed rapidly and the number of trains increased daily, and the number of post offices increased accordingly. The postal service has become more sophisticated, cheap postal rates have appeared, and a number of new trading operations and postal services.

Even when the telephone, telegraph and radio were invented in 1876, the postal service did not lose its important role as a means of mass communication.

Hello dear readers of the site Sprint Response. Today we will review the game and also provide the correct answers in the game "Who want to be a millionaire?" for May 13, 2017 (13.05.2017).

The host is in the studio as usual. Dmitry Dibrov. And also the participants of the TV game are sitting at the gaming table: Alexey Lysenkov and Vladimir Markin. The players chose a fireproof amount of 200,000 rubles. So let's start with a brief overview of the game.

1. What is the name of a person who performs small, uncomplicated assignments?

• uncle on a walker
• aunt on sliders
• girl on the fly
• errand boy

2.What was the Soviet pioneer supposed to answer to the call "Be ready!"?

• "Always ready!"
• "herd the cows"
• "Who are you?"
• "Ivan Petrov"

3. Where is the heroine of the song performed by Lyubov Uspenskaya going to sit?

• on a bike
• into a convertible
• in a jalopy
• to the starship

4.What can be earned in many games?

• glasses
• pince-nez
• monocles

5. Who sang ditties in the cartoon "Flying Ship"?

• water
• Koshchei
• goblin
• Grandmothers-hedgehogs

The players took the first clue "Help the hall" in the fifth question.

6. What predator lives high in the mountains?

• Snow Leopard
• cheetah
• manul

7.What, besides horsepower, is the power of a car measured in?

• in joules
• in newtons
• in kilowatts
• in lumens

8. What was the nickname of Sir Lancelot, Knight of the Round Table?

• Ozerny
• River
• Nautical
• Ocean

9. The melody of which song of the bard Sergei Nikitin was recorded by the orchestra of Paul Mauriat?

• "Brich-Mulla"
• "To the music of Vivaldi"
• "Alexandra"
• "Dialogue at the Christmas tree"

10. What adorned the hats of postal couriers of ancient Rome?

• lightning
• wheel
• wings

The players took the "Right to Error" clue in the tenth question.

11.Which artist's house is one of the most famous museums in Amsterdam?

• Brueghel
• Rembrandt
• Vermeer
• Bosch

Players took the "Call a Friend" and "50:50" hints when answering the eleventh question, unfortunately the players still answered incorrectly. Winning 0 rubles.

The place of the players in the studio is occupied by grandfather and granddaughter: Vsevolod Shilovsky and his granddaughter Aglaya. The second part of the game begins "Who want to be a millionaire?" May 13, 2017. The players chose a fireproof amount of 100,000 rubles.

1. What are animal and plant organisms made of?

• from the enclosures
• from paddocks
• from cells
• from aquariums

2. How Ershov described the Humpbacked Horse: "On his back with two humps and..."?

• with square eyes
• with yard ears
• with branched horns
• with strict legs

3. What is used in acupuncture?

• threads
• needles
• pins
• buttons

4.Which play by Shakespeare was the basis of the musical "Kiss Me Kat"?

• "The Taming of the Shrew"
• "As You Like It"
• "A dream in a summer night"
• "Storm"

5.What do koalas eat?

• bamboo
• cacti
• cane
• eucalyptus leaves

6. What country's martial arts are known as wushu?

• China
• Korea
• Japan
• Indonesia

7. From which poem by Pushkin did Vladimir Motyl take the title for his film "Star of Captivating Happiness"?

• "Monument"
• "To Chaadaev"
• "Winter morning"
• "I loved you"

When answering the seventh question, the players took the "Help of the audience" hint.

8. What letter does a rugby goal resemble?

1. Some hundred years ago, the delivery of parcels and letters in Russia was considered very fast, if it did not exceed six months. In the old days, royal messengers could pay with their own lives for bad news, and therefore the work of a courier in those days was not only difficult, but also dangerous.
2. In the ancient civilization of the Incas, it was possible to keep a vast territory under a single administration thanks to excellent roads with a well-functioning courier service. Insk roads were intended for pedestrians and caravans of llamas, every 7.2 km there were distance indicators, and after 19-29 km - stations for travelers to rest. In addition, courier stations were located every 2.5 km. Couriers (chasks) transmitted news and orders by relay, and in this way information was transmitted over 2000 km in 5 days.
3. In the ancient Roman Empire, thanks to courier delivery, the inhabitants of the country could receive up-to-date information about the events of political life, litigation, scandals, military campaigns and executions. Being an imperial courier was very honorable, and this activity was quite well paid.
4. In ancient China, it was practiced to issue special news sheets, which were then delivered by couriers to various regions of the country. We can say that courier delivery has been an important part of the public administration system for many centuries.
5. In ancient Egypt, Phillipides was considered the most famous courier, who, according to legend, in 490 BC. brought the message of the victory at the Battle of Marathon to Athens. He, having run about 40 km, died of exhaustion, but became the founder of the marathon race.
6. In the 13th century, the first special service for sending written messages was organized in Russia, the so-called yamskaya chase, an original Russian institution that lasted until the second half of the 19th century.
7. In the 16th century, in order to account for correspondence and increase the personal responsibility of messengers for its safety, special marks began to be made on originals or copies of documents. In the 17th century, these marks became more detailed and contained, in addition to the last name and first name of the messenger, the year, month and day of delivery of the correspondence.
8. In 1665, postal and courier routes were organized from Moscow to Riga and in 1669 to Vilnius, which made it possible to exchange correspondence, including private, with foreign countries.
9. In Russia, the courier postal service appeared in the 17th century, on November 17, 1710, Peter I signed a decree establishing a special courier route from St. Petersburg to Moscow, which was the prototype of the military field courier service, approved by the Decree of Peter I of March 30, 1716
10. In 1783, for the first time in Russia, uniform tariffs were introduced for sending correspondence, depending on its weight and distance.
11. Since 1837, in Russia, postal and courier items began to be transported by rail. Russia is one of the first countries to organize such transportation.
12. By the beginning of the 19th century, there were about 460 postal and courier institutions in Russia, where 5,000 couriers regularly served.
13. In America, the first courier services began to be provided in 1907 by the American company UPS. This company was engaged in the delivery of flowers, postal items and small cargo.
14. In 1946, Ken Thomas founded the shipping company TNT. He made the main emphasis on the implementation of regular communication between cities. And he brought his innovations, all customers who wanted to make sure that the delivery was successful were now given a special certificate signed by the recipient.
15. In 1969, air delivery first appeared, which made it possible to