Mexico what state. Map of Mexico in Russian. Easternmost and Westernmost States

The United Mexican States, or Mexico, is located in North America. The country owes its name to the Indian god Meksitli.

The state is conveniently located between two oceans: the Pacific Ocean - in the west, the Atlantic - in the east.

Mexico includes nearby islands, including the Revilla Gigedo archipelago and about. Guadalupe. A detailed map of Mexico introduces the peculiarities of the geographical position of the country.

Mexico on the world map: geography, nature and climate

Mexico is considered to be a North American country, although its eastern part, including the Yucatan peninsula, is located in Central America. Its area is 1,972,550 sq. km, this is the 13th place in the world. In the north, the state is adjacent to the United States, partly the border goes along the river. Rio Grande, in the south, Mexico's neighbors are Guatemala and Belize.

From north to south, the lands of Mexico are crossed by two mountain ranges of the Sierra Madre, which are a continuation of the Rocky Mountains. A map of Mexico in Russian shows that the territory from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico is surrounded by the Volcanic Sierra. It consists of active and dormant volcanoes.

The highest mountains: the peak of Orizaba, Istaxiuatl, Popocatepetl and Nevado de Toluca - their height reaches 5,000 km. On their peaks, the snow does not melt all year round. In the valleys between them are large urban agglomerations. Peninsula California is a mountain range about 1 km high, smoothly descending to the sea. The Yucatan has a flat terrain.

Freshwater bodies are unevenly distributed. Calm and long rivers flow in the east and south of the country, the north and west supply fresh water to swift mountain streams. Rio Bravo del Norte is a giant of the Mexican basin, its length is 2018 km. Culiacan is the largest river in the Pacific basin, its length is 875 km. There are 150 rivers in total. Only a few rivers are suitable for navigation.

There are 50 power plants on the rivers of Mexico, only on Grijalva there are 4 of them. Mexico is distinguished by a large number of small lakes. The largest of them, the Chapala with an area of ​​1100 sq. km is located on the border of the states of Michoacán and Jalisco. It is famous as a place where migratory birds winter. Sixty small lakes make up Montebello Park.

Forest covers about 29% of the territory. The largest forest areas are located in the tropical zone and in the mountains. Coniferous and mixed forests predominate. The northern part is a desert, where cacti, agave, acacias, mimosas, and rubber plants grow. In the mountainous regions closer to the peaks, there are alpine meadows.

The fauna of Mexico is diverse. Bears, wolves, lynxes and other forest animals live in the northern regions. Deserts and steppes are inhabited by felines, hares, pronghorns, wild boars, turtles. Monkeys, jaguars, anteaters, possums, iguanas live in the tropics. Birds include hummingbirds, parrots, and toucans.

Mexico on the world map is located in the zone of two climatic zones. Mexico has a tropical and subtropical climate. The sun almost always shines here. In the north, dry and cool weather prevails. In autumn and winter, the average temperature is 12 0 C, in the warm period - 25 0 C. In the rest of Mexico, the weather is humid and hot. In autumn and winter, the average temperature is 23 0 C, in spring and summer - 35 0 C. The daytime temperature in Mexico contrasts sharply with the night temperature in most of the territory. The most comfortable temperature in the central part of the country.

Map of Mexico with cities. Administrative division of the country

Mexico has 31 states and 1 federal district. The states are subdivided into municipalities. The area of ​​the state is 1,972,550 sq. km. The political map of Mexico with cities in Russian gives an idea of ​​the location of the states and municipalities. There are a large number of cities in the country, 20 of them with a population of more than 500 thousand people.

mexico city

Mexico City, the capital of Mexico, forms the Federal District, consisting of 16 districts. In the 16th century Here stood the ancient Aztec city of Tenochtitlan. The city is located in the Mexican Highlands. Mountains surround it on all sides. The area is characterized by seismic activity: small tremors are constantly felt. A major earthquake last occurred in 1985. Dust storms often occur in the city. The weather corresponds to a subtropical climate. The average temperature in January is +12 0 С, in July - +17 0 С.

Ecatepec de Morelos

Ecatepec de Morelos, a city in the state of Mexico, is located 10 km from the capital. The name is translated from Indian as a windy hill. The level of the average annual temperature does not fall below +14 0 C. Ecatepec has a developed transport system. Population - 1,658,806 inhabitants.

Tijuana

The municipal administrative center of Tijuana is located in the northwest of the country. This is the largest city in the state of Baja California, bordering on the city of San Diego (USA). From one country to another, you can easily go on foot. The Mexican port of Ensenada is an hour away. The level of the average annual temperature in Tijuana is +17 0 C. The level of precipitation is 214 mm per year, with most of it falling in winter.

- country in North America.

Official name of Mexico:
United Mexican States.

Territory of Mexico:
The area of ​​the state of the United Mexican States is 1972550 km².

Population of Mexico:
The population of Mexico is more than 107 million inhabitants (107449525 people).

Ethnic groups of Mexico:
The modern ethnic composition of Mexico is represented by three groups: Europeans, local Indians and Africans. Whites make up 30%, mestizos 56%, Indians 12% and 2% other groups (Asians, mulattoes and blacks). According to cultural characteristics, ethnologists divide the Indians into 62 ethnic groups, and about 30 of them have their own language. The largest group in terms of numbers is the Nahuatl in Central Mexico (about 1.3 million people), as well as the descendants of the Maya in Chiapas, Tabasco and the Yucatan Peninsula (800 thousand people). Zapotecs, Mixtecs, Tarahumara and Otomi are also numerous.

Average life expectancy in Mexico:
The average life expectancy in Mexico is - 72.3 years (see Rating of countries in the world by average life expectancy).

Capital of Mexico:
Mexico City.

Major cities in Mexico:
Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla.

Official language of Mexico:
Spanish.

Religion in Mexico:
Since the time of forced conversion to Christianity by the Spanish conquistadors, the vast majority of Mexicans (nearly 90%) have been, at least formally, Roman Catholics. More than 3% of Mexicans adhere to some form of Protestantism, and there are small but thriving Jewish and Baha'i communities.

Geographic location of Mexico:
Mexico is a state in North America, bordered in the north by the United States, in the southeast by Belize and Guatemala, in the northwest by the waters of the Gulf of California and the Pacific Ocean, in the east by the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Mexico is the northernmost of the Latin American countries and the most populous of the Spanish-speaking countries.

Rivers of Mexico:
Colorado, Rio Grande.

Administrative-territorial division of Mexico:
Mexico is divided into 31 states and one federal district. The states of Mexico are divided into municipalities, depending on the population and size of the state, their number can vary from a few to hundreds. Each state has its own constitution and a governor who is elected by direct popular vote.

The Federal District of Mexico is a special political entity that includes the central part of the metropolitan area of ​​Mexico City.
Since 1997, the people of Mexico City have elected the head of the district government, which has fewer rights than state governors.

Federal District of Mexico City

Aguascalientes (Aguascalientes)

Veracruz

Guerrero

Guanajuato

Durango

Hidalgo (Hidalgo)

Campeche

Queretaro (Queretaro)

Quintana Roo

Coahuila

Colima

Mexico City (state) (Mexico)

Michoacán (Michoacan)

Morelos (Morelos)

Nayarit

Baja California

Baja California Sur

Nuevo Leon

Oaxaca

Puebla

Zacatecas (Zacatecas)

San Luis Potosi

Sinaloa

Sonora

Tabasco

Tamaulipas (Tamaulipas)

Tlaxcala (Tlaxcala)

Jalisco

Chihuahua (Chihuahua) (Chihuahua)

Chiapas

Yucatan (Yucatan)

State structure of Mexico:
Officially, Mexico has a federal form of government. In fact, political power is concentrated in the hands of the national government in the city of Mexico City. Executive power is vested in the President, who is directly elected by popular vote for a single six-year term. The chief executive must be at least 35 years old, must also have lived in the country during the year leading up to the election, and be Mexican-born. New elections are called in the event of the death of the president or his inability to perform his duties during the first two years of the term.

The cabinet consists of 19 state departments:
internal affairs, foreign affairs, defense, navy, finance, energy and mining, commerce, agriculture and water resources, communications and transportation, social development, education, labor and welfare, presidential administration, agrarian reform, health care and security, tourism, fisheries, justice and the main control and financial department.

Legislature in Mexico.
The Mexican constitution vests legislative power in a bicameral congress. The lower house, or Chamber of Deputies, consists of 500 members. Voters elect deputies for a three-year term on the basis of universal suffrage: one deputy from every 250,000 people of the population or for its part that exceeds 125,000 people. Of the 500 deputies, 300 are elected in single-mandate constituencies; the remaining 200 people - on the basis of proportional representation. The upper house, or Senate, consists of 128 members, 4 members from each state and federal capital district, directly elected by popular vote for a six-year term, with a full rotation of its members every six years. The 1993 reform grants opposition parties at least 25% of seats in the Senate. The Congress meets annually in session, which is held from September 1 to December 31. During the adjournment of Parliament, legislative powers are vested in a standing committee appointed by both houses. The constitution prohibits re-elections for all government posts, incl. to both houses of Congress. In 1993, an amendment to the constitution was adopted, excluding the so-called. "subordination point", according to which, if a party gains 35% of the votes throughout the country, it automatically receives a majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies. This amendment prevents any party from winning more than 315 seats in the lower house. Amendments to the constitution are adopted with the approval of at least 325 deputies. Consequently, none of the parties by itself can amend the country's basic law. Until the early 1990s, congressional control of the executive existed only in theory; the president's power over the legislature was almost absolute - mainly because the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party held the lion's share of the seats in both chambers. By-elections in July 1997 deprived the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (IRP) of the majority in the Chamber of Deputies, although they retained the majority of seats in the Senate. After the 2000 elections, none of the parties has a majority in Congress.

Judicial system of Mexico.
At the head of Mexico's federal judiciary is a 21-judge supreme court appointed by the president for a six-year term, with the consent of the senate. The Supreme Court has judicial and administrative authority over the lower courts. The president also appoints judges to 12 circuit courts, consisting of three judges; in 9 unitary mobile district courts and 68 district courts, consisting of one judge. Courts of special jurisdiction were created by law, incl. the tax court and the arbitration department responsible for resolving labor disputes.

Governments of the Mexican states.
The constitution gives powers to the states that the central government does not, although in practice the Mexican states have limited real power.

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Mexico, as a state, officially bears the name of the United Mexican States. One mention of this state causes many different associations. For example, today the States of Mexico are known for their resorts on the Yucatan Peninsula, or for the long coastline of the western states from the Pacific Ocean. Some call the Mexicans "Aztecs". Others will remember the Maya Indians who lived here. As a result, we get a very diverse country with a rich history.

In the 2nd millennium BC, on the territory of modern Mexico, the state formation of the Maya Indians was formed, which existed and grew until the 10th century AD. It was a highly cultured nation, highly developed in various exact sciences, including engineering and mathematics, as well as construction. The Maya Indian tribes occupied most of the southern part of Mexico, including the Yucatan Island.

In the central part of the state, in the pre-Columbian era, another state formation of the Aztecs developed. Basically, they lived divided into tribes and were a very warlike people. From 1376, until the beginning of the 16th century, which was marked by the Spanish conquest, few people could offer worthy resistance to the Aztecs. But in 1521 their last emperor was defeated and the city of Tenochtitlan was destroyed. Now on its ruins stands the current capital of Mexico - Mexico City.

Then began a long period of colonization from the Spanish metropolis. During this time, due to hostility and imported European diseases, most of the local population died out. Some territories were captured without much destruction. Some have been completely reduced to rubble. From 1521 to 1810, the period of New Spain continued in Mexico. During this time, many European values ​​and culture have grown here. There was an active construction of cities.

After 1810, with independence and the proclamation of the Mexican Empire, which included the territory of modern Mexico and part of the current Central American states. It did not exist for long, until 1823, when part of the southern territories separated from the empire. The key year for modern Mexico, in terms of the political and political system, was 1824. It was then that the republican constitution was adopted, which marked the creation of a federal state. 19 states and 4 territories were formed.

About ten years later, the Mexican state of Texas secedes and forms its own republic, which later became part of the United States. There was also turmoil in other states. The struggle for power between liberals and conservatives had a negative impact on the integrity and economy of the state. So in the 50s of the 19th century, the state of Yucatan actually formed its separatist republic. At the same time, a war was waged between Mexico and America due to the inclusion of the former Mexican state of Texas into the latter and US claims to other states of Mexico. As a result, after the signing of the corresponding agreement on the end of the war, New Mexico and Upper California became part of America.

The endless civil wars of the second half of the 19th century prompted the major European states to send their armed forces to establish order in Mexico. By the end of the 1800s, the situation in the country had somewhat stabilized, but Mexico became increasingly dependent, economically, on the neighboring United States. It was restless in the state in the first half of the 20th century, until the end of World War II, after which the economy and new reforms improved the situation.

Today Mexico is divided into 31 states. The capital of Mexico City has a special status as a federal district. It is the political, economic and cultural center of the United Mexican States. For more than two hundred years, the territory of Mexico has been constantly changing, and the number of states, with their administrative borders, has changed accordingly. Finally, the boundaries and names of all modern states of Mexico were established in 1974, when the creation of Baja California and Baja California Sur, located on the peninsula of the same name, was finally approved.

6 states with famous cities

The administrative center of the state of Chapala is the second largest Mexican metropolis -. Jalisco is also home to Mexico's largest freshwater lake, Chapala. Although it is mostly shallow, with an average depth of about 5 meters, and its natural resources have been declining over the years, it still serves as a habitat for many migratory birds.

The administrative center and largest city of the state of Guerrero is the world famous Acapulco. Despite the rather low level of the state's economy as a whole, Acapulco is the most delicious place for tourists coming to the west coast of Mexico. Long beaches, a unique bay for ships, rocky areas make the city the most developed resort on the Pacific coast. The fact is that since the 50s of the last century, many Hollywood stars have loved to come here on vacation. However, large investments from the state budget of the country, the construction of luxury hotels along with hotels for poor tourists and the general development of infrastructure have made the resort accessible to tourists of all categories.

is a popular city in southeastern Mexico on the northeastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. The city is an important tourist destination. The city is located on the Caribbean Sea and is one of the most extreme eastern points of Mexico.

The city is located in the heart of the country in the Federal District of the same name. It is the political, economic and industrial center of Mexico.

Monterrey is the capital and largest city of the northeastern state of Nuevo León, Mexico. The city is the ninth largest city in the country. Monterrey is the commercial center of northern Mexico and is the base of many significant international corporations.

Tijuana is the largest city in the Mexican state of Baja California. It is the largest and fastest growing metropolitan area in Mexico and has a strong influence on the local economy, education, culture, arts and politics.

most dangerous states

The United Nations estimates that nearly 90% of the cocaine sold in the United States originates in South America and is smuggled through Mexico.

Mexico is the largest foreign supplier of marijuana and the largest source of heroin for the US market. Most methamphetamine sold in the United States is made in Mexico

Hotspots of drug cartels and human trafficking activity are:

• Tamaulipas on the US border;
• Sinaloa;
• Colima;
• Michoacán;
• Guerrero.

The last four are on the Pacific coast.

Tamaulipas shares a border with Texas, stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to Laredo. The State Department has previously discouraged travel here, but the new warnings are even more severe as the state has been rated Level 4, the highest level of potential danger.

Another 11 Mexican states have received Level 3 status, which encourages people to reconsider the itinerary of their planned trip.

In recent years, Colima has seen a spike in homicides due to the rise of cartels. It now has the highest murder rate in Mexico, with 83.3 murders per 100,000 inhabitants.

The state with the second highest homicide rate at 61.6 per 100,000 people is Baja California. The popular resort of Los Cabos is located here, where in 2017 an increase in tourist attendance was 18 percent.

Esponda said local officials and tour operators are investing in security improvements, including camera systems and the construction of a new naval base.

Here are the most dangerous states in America for 2018:

• New Mexico;
• Alaska;
• Louisiana;
• Arkansas;
• South Carolina;
• Tennessee;
• Alabama;
• Arizona;
• Oklahoma;
• Missouri.

Top 5 criminal states in the USA:

• New Mexico has the highest crime rate. It is one of the least densely populated places in the country. The number of violent crimes per person is the second highest, and the number of property crimes is the highest in America.
• Tennessee ranks 4th in terms of violent crime. Over the past year, 2,700 rapes a year have been recorded here, which is about 7 per day.
• Louisiana - 2nd place. This is one of the poorest states, on the example of which the connection between poverty and crime is clearly visible, because in Louisiana the majority of the population lives below their means.
• Arkansas is in 4th place. This is another poor state in the south with a much higher rate of murder, rape, assault and robbery per capita. More than 7,100 cars were stolen here during the year.
• South Carolina - 3rd place. There are a lot of property crimes here, especially in places like Myrtle Beach, which is a major tourist hotspot. Many crimes and thefts occur during the summer period, which is associated with a seasonal influx of tourists.

The border between the United States and Mexico stretches for almost 3,300 km from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean. The Rio Grande runs along more than 2,000 km and has no natural geographic barrier, except for a small section along the Colorado River. Another 1,100 km of the border is barbed wire between the US and Mexico.

The US Border Patrol uses thousands of cameras and underground sensors, as well as aircraft, drones and boats to monitor the borders.

United States of America bordering Mexico:

• California: Baja California;
• Arizona: Sonora;
• New Mexico: Chihuahua;
• Texas: Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas.

The "US-Mexico border" is relatively new. Its construction lasted between 1849 and 1855. The border can rather be called a porous membrane through which a huge amount of money, illegal products, illegal immigrants, smugglers and their goods, as well as drugs pass. That is why the territory here is under the most concentrated attention of the police. Conditions here are also deteriorating due to extreme heat and lack of water.

Busiest border crossing points:

• San Isidro;
• El Paso;
• Calexico.

San Ysidro - State of California is connected to Tijuana, Mexico. The number of people who cross the border through the bridge is approximately 8 million people. Every day it is about 30,000 people on average. The Port of Entry at San Ysidro is one of the busiest crossings on the US-Mexico border.

In 2015, an additional airport terminal opened in San Diego, which allows people to be transported from the city of San Diego directly to the Mexican airport, facilitating waiting times at the San Ysidro Bridge.

El Paso Gateway serves about 8 million people, averaging 25,000 per day. It connects El Paso, Texas and Juarez, Mexico. The Paso del Norte Bridge was originally built in the 1800s, although it has since been rebuilt. Between 600 and 1,000 children legally cross the Paso del Norte Bridge to go to school every day, according to Customs and Border Protection.

The port at Calexico provides a border crossing for 4.5 million people, allowing approximately 14,000 citizens to cross the border each day. It links the cities of Calexico, California and Mexicali, Mexico. The bridge was built in 1974.

The name of the pedestrian bridge is a combination of the words California and Mexico - Calexico.

Easternmost and Westernmost States

Among all 31 states of Mexico, only 14 are located in the central part of the country and have no access to the sea. The remaining 17 are washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Gulf of Mexico in the east. Mexico is a kind of triangle with an acute angle going down.

All western states of Mexico face the Pacific Ocean. The northwestern part includes the California Peninsula, on which two states are located. It is a narrow long strip, maximum 240 km wide and 1.2 thousand km long. On the eastern side, it is washed by the waters of the Gulf of California, which almost completely cuts it off from the mainland. Most of the state of Baja California Sur is occupied by the desert.

Almost at the same latitudes, only on the opposite side of the Gulf of California, are the states of Sonora and Sinaloa, formed by separation in 1830. These states also have a large desert area and it is here that the famous tree cacti grow. A little further south is the small state of Nayarit, whose geography is not much different from its northern neighbors.

Only in the state of Jalisco does the terrain begin to change slightly, moving away from desert to more vegetative and highland landscapes. Sometimes the height of the mountain range reaches over 4 thousand meters.

Below is the smallest state of the Pacific coast of Mexico - Colima. Its distinguishing feature is a sharp elevation change from zero to 3.8 thousand meters. There is an active volcano of the same name, which has erupted up to 40 times over the past five centuries.

This is followed by the high-mountain state of Michoacan, where the average height of the mountain range above sea level reaches 2.9 thousand meters. At one time, the Aztecs and the Purpech Indian peoples were the owners of these lands. The round pyramids they left behind still attract curious tourists.

Guerrero is a Mexican state in which a fairly large part of the Indian population still lives, in the amount of about 400 thousand people. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the Spanish conquest did not meet fierce resistance here. Basically, most of the local Indians died due to European diseases.

In terms of flora and fauna, the most attractive southwestern state of Mexico is Oaxaca. 7 large reserves are concentrated here, in which there are hundreds of species of various birds, reptiles, fish and almost 10 thousand plants. Lagoons and bays form an ideal environment for such biodiversity.

The southernmost tip of western Mexico is the state of Chiapas. Despite the fact that it suffered greatly due to political and civil conflicts, its territory is characterized by a large part of the natural and cultural heritage of the Maya Indians and the Spanish conquistadors. Despite the presence of attractions and access to the ocean, the state remains one of the poorest regions in Mexico, with very low literacy rates.

Eastern states

Quintana Roo borders the Caribbean Sea to the east and north, and Belize to the south. Quintana Roo is home to many of Mexico's most popular holiday destinations, including cities such as Cancun, Cozumel, Playa del Carmen and many more. It is in this state that the most ancient Mayan ruins are located.

Much of Veracruz is located along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Veracruz is well known for the fact that it is still home to many indigenous people with a rich ethnic heritage.

Hidalgo is home to a number of local cultures that have been relatively untouched and destroyed historical heritage.

Tabasco is located in the southeast, along the Gulf of Mexico. It is located on the border with Guatemala. Much of Tabasco is covered in rainforest and the area has much more rainfall than the rest of the country.

Yucatan in the northern part of the state overlooks the Gulf of Mexico. This state is one of the safest areas in Mexico and is popular with tourists.

Tamaulipas borders the US state of Texas. The capital city of Guadalupe Victoria is named after the country's first president.

Campeche borders the state of Yucatan, Quintana Roo and Tabasco. Campeche was formerly part of the Yucatán province but seceded due to political tensions. The area is home to important ancient Mayan captivity. It is little studied in comparison with other areas.