Ivory Coast - description, history and interesting facts. Cote d'Ivoire in the pre-colonial period

Côte Divuar - Republic of Côte d'Ivoire.

Côte d'Ivoire - go-so-dar-st-in on the za-pa-de of Central Africa. In the south, ohmy-va-et-sya Guinea-skim hall. At-lan-ti-che-sko-go ocean (length-on the be-re-go-howl line 515 km). Gra-ni-chit on the se-ve-re with Ma-li and Bur-ki-na-Fa-so, on the east with Ga-na, on the za-pa-de with Li-be-ri- her and Guinea. The area is 322.5 thousand km2. Population 20.8 million (2008). Sto-li-tsa - Yamu-suk-ro. The official language is French. De-nezh-naya unit-ni-tsa - CFA franc. Administrative-territorial division: 19 regions (table).

Côte d'Ivoire is a member of the UN (1960), IMF (1963), IBRD (1963), WTO (1995), African Union (1963, until 2002 OAU).

Political system

Côte d'Ivoire is a unitary state. Con-sti-tu-tion pri-nya-ta on July 23, 2000. The form of rights-le-niya - pre-zi-dent res-pub-li-ka.

The head of state and executive power is pre-zi-dent, from-bi-rai-my on all-general elections for 5 years (with the right of one go re-re-from-branding). Can-di-dat must be older than 40 years old, a citizen of Côte d'Ivoire and live in the country for a continuous 5 years before you-bo-ditch . The pre-zi-dent is-la-is-sya Ver-khov-ny main-but-to-man-blowing-shchim, na-know-cha-is pre-mier-mi-ni-st-ra, member new pra-vi-tel-st-va and other higher due-no-st-th persons.

The highest for-co-no-dative body - one-but-pa-lat-ny par-la-ment (National Assembly), from bi-rai-my on-se-le- nothing for 5 years.

Pra-vi-tel-st-in - Co-vet mi-ni-st-ditch, func-tsio-ni-ru-et under the leadership of pre-mier-mi-ni-st-ra.

In Côte d'Ivoire, there are so-sche-st-woo-et-m-p-par-ty-ny system-te-ma. Leading political parties: Ivu-a-r-sky People's Front, De-mo-kra-tic party, Ob-e-di-non-republic kan-tsev.

Nature

Be-re-ga of the Guinea-nei-th Bay is weakly due to re-behind-na, in the western part - rocky, in the east - in a loge, a dog -cha-nye, with a pro-tya-wife-noy chain of la-guns (over 300 km, the largest ones are Eb-rie, Abi, Ehi), connected with mo- rem artificial canal in the area of ​​the city of Abidjan.

Côte d'Ivoire is located in the southern part of the Se-ve-ro-Guinean height. In the reli-e-fe ter-ri-to-rii of the country pre-ob-la-da-yut weak-bo-race-member-equals-ny height 200-500 m. The western part beyond -ni-ma-yut so-kol-nye de-well-yes-qi-on-ny flats-to-mountains and heights-shen-no-sti. On the edge of it for-pa-de on ter-ri-to-riu Côte d'Ivoire for-ho-dyat from-ro-gi so-kol-nyh blocks-bo-vyh Leo-no-Li-be- riysky mountains (mass-si-you Dan, Tu-ra) height up to 1752 m (mountain Nim-ba, the highest point of the country). In the eastern part of the races-pro-countries-not-us-elevated de-well-yes-qi-on-equals, the top of some hours then os-loose-not-on-granit-ny-mi os-tan-tsa-mi (so-called in-zel-ber-ga-mi). Pe-re-go to ak-ku-mu-la-tiv-noy seaside low-men-no-sti Gwine-ney-go-gulf in the south of Côte d'Ivoire clearly you-ra -women se-ri-her in-ro-gov and in-do-pa-dov.

Geo-lo-gi-che-structure and useful is-ko-pae-mye.

Ter-ri-to-ria K.-d'Ivoire lo-ka-li-zu-et-sya in the south-eastern part of the early-not-to-something-Brian-go West-but- Af-ri-kan-sko-go-kra-to-on the Af-ri-kan-platform-we. On the surface you-stu-pa-yut run-not-pro-the-ro-zoi-skie me-ta-mor-fi-zo-van-nye vul-ka-no-gen-no-ter -ri-gen-nye breeds of Bir-rim-th belt-sa east. part of Leo-no-Li-be-riy-sko-go shield-ta, torn gra-ni-ta-mi. On the seaside low-men-no-sti of the Gwine-ney-sky-bay for-le-ga-yut neo-gene-four-vertical-sea and al-lu-vie-al -nye sediments, re-roofing more ancient car-bo-nat-no-ter-ri-gen-nye from lo-zhe-niya.

The most important useful is-co-pae-my Côte d'Ivoire - zo-lo-to (place-ro-zh-de-niya Iti, An-go-via, Sub- re, etc.), oil and natural combustible gas (shelf-fields-sto-rozh-de-niya Bao-bab, Es-pu-ar, Lay-on, Pan- ter). They have me-hundred-ro-zh-de-niya al-ma-zov (ko-ren-nye and dew-loose), ores of manganese, iron-le-za, me- di, ni-ke-la, co-bal-ta, nio-biya and tan-ta-la, bok-si-tov, as well as cement-no-go raw, quartz-out sand, clay, gravel, boo-to-go stone, etc.

In the southern part of the country, the climate is eq-va-to-ri-al-ny, a hundred-yan-but-humid. On the coast, you-pa-da-et from 1800 (Abidzhan) to 2300 (Ta-bu) mm of precipitation per year, from-no-si-tel-naya humidity du-ha in those of the whole year, do not drop below 75%. In the eastern part of the river, there are two periods with the maximum amount of precipitation (March - July and October - no-November, over 100 mm of precipitation per month) and two from-no-si-tel-but su-hih period-da (de-camber - february and august - september ). Less than everything before-f-day (less than 50 mm) you-pa-yes-et in Jan-va-re and Feb-ra-le. In zap. hour-ty-be-re-zhya from-me-cha-et-xia one short-to-time-men-ny from-no-si-tel-but su-hoy per-ri-od in jan-va -re - February-ra-le (less than 50 mm precipitation), and in the rest of the months of the year (from March to December) you-pa-da- there is more than 100 mm of precipitation every month, the most rainy month is June (more than 500 mm). The annual course of the temperature of the air-du-ha is equal-dimensional: the average temperature of the hottest months (March - April) 27-28 ° С, sa- my cool cold (Aug-August - September-September) 24-25 ° С.

Su-be-k-va-to-ri-al-ny climate of the central and northern parts of the country ha-rak-te-ri-zu-et-sya less sum-my precipitation and clearly you-ra-wife-ny se-zone-y-y-la-g-no-no-eat. On the equals, you-pa-yes-et about 1100 mm of precipitation per year, in the north-ro-for-pa-de, in the foothills of Leo-no-Li-be-ry-sky mountains, - 1300-1500 mm (on the slopes of the Nim-ba mountain - up to 2200 mm). The duration of the rain-whether-in-the-se-zo-for 7-8 months (March - October-October), the most-neck-whether-che-st-in precipitation you-pa-yes-et in July - September-September-re (more than 150 mm per month). The average temperature ranges from 23-24 °С (December - July) to 28-29 °С (February - March). In the mountainous regions of se-ve-ro-for-pa-da countries, the climate is cooler (at a height of 1500 mm, average temperatures are 16-19 ° C) . In the dry season on the ter-ri-to-rii Côte d'Ivoire, the northeast su-hoy wind - har-ma-tan - dominates.

Inland waters.

The river network is dense, attaches, above, the main way to the bass-this-well Guinea-nei-th hall. The base of the river: Ban-da-ma (square of bass-sei-na in the pre-de-lahs of the country is 97 thousand km2, length is 1050 km), Ko-moe (78 thousand km2, 1160 km ), Sa-san-d-ra (75 thousand km2, 650 km), Ka-val-li (15 thousand km2, 700 km). A non-significant part of the ter-ri-to-rii in the se-ve-re of the country (23.7 thousand km2) from no-sit-sya to the basin of the river. Ni-ger (re-ki Bau-le, Ba-goe). Because of the thresholds in the middle and lower ones, those more-shin-st-in rivers are not-su-to-walk-us. Significantly-chi-tel-us ko-le-ba-niya of the river-but-one hundred in se-zo-us. River-days-we-we-for-we-weak-bo, that’s why in summer in pe-ri-od to-f-day re-gu-lyar-but they-cha-ut-sya on-water-non-niya. For the be-re-go-howl of the zone, ha-rak-ter-ny in-tru-zia of the sea. waters (annual volume 0.74 km3). Create-yes-but not. in-do-hra-ni-lisch: Ko-su on the river. Ban-da-ma (area 1500 km2), Buyo on the river. Sa-san-d-ra (plozad 900 km2), Aya-me on the river. Bio (area 186 km2).

Every year, but in-goiter-newly-lying-my water resources are 81.14 km3, water supply - 4853 m3 / person per year (2002). Most of the required water (67%) is used for the needs of agriculture (the area of ​​irrigated land is 72.8 thousand hectares, 2003), 22% - on whom -mu-nal-but-to-voe-to-supply, 11% is required by industrial enterprises.

Soil-you, ra-ti-tel-ny and living world. Ras-pre-de-le-tion of the main types of soils under-chi-nya-et-xia latitude-but-zo-nal-nym for-to-no-dimensions. In the forest zone, not in the west. parts of the country in the basins of the rivers Ka-val-li and Sa-san-d-ra pre-ob-la-da-yut red-yellow and red fer-ral- cast soils. On the east, along with the red-but-yellow-you-mi-soil-va-mi, not-big-study-st-ki for-ni-ma-yut yellow farms ral-cast. On the seaside ak-ku-mu-la-tiv-noy bottom-men-no-sti sfor-mi-ro-va-lis mar-she-soils. In the zone of les-so-sa-vannes, a complex of fer-ral-lithic soils and fer-ro-zems is developed. In the central part of the country in the same-no-yah races-pro-countries of black tropical soil. In the zone of sa-baths, pre-ob-la-da-yut fer-ro-ze-we; a significant area for-ni-ma-yut ancient (on the upper-no-ties you-equal-ni-va-niya height is 350-550 m) and young (150-200 m) os-tat-ki la-te-rit-nyh cores you-vet-ri-va-nia (ki-ra-sy). In the valleys of large rivers, there are areas of hydro-morphic all-lu-vi-al soils.

In the composition of the flora there are more than 3.5 thousand species of higher races (of which over 100 are under the threat of extinction, St. 60 en-de-mich-ny). In the southern regions of the country, pre-ob-la-give one-hundred-yan-but-wet ever-but-green-le-s and lu-fox-then-fall-forests Guinean zone. In the ever-green-le-forests of shi-ro-ko, the tree-spring species from the seeds of bo-bo-vyh (par-kiya, pip-ta -de-nia, erit-rof-le-um, etc.). In the po-fox-and-fall forests, there are many-numbers-of-lens-we-by-gens from the families of mallow, ster-ku-lie-vy, elm-zo-vy and here and there. For both types of forests, ha-rak-ter-ny de-re-vya with valuable wood-ve-si-noy - en-tan-d-rof-rag-ma and kaya. In modern ras-tit. in-cro-ve le-sa for-ni-ma-yut 7.1 million hectares (2002), for the time of farms. os-war-niya ter-ri-to-rii area of ​​forests su-sche-st-ven-but decreased and continued-to-be-str-ro-to-beautify -sya. The pace of deprivation of le-se-nia in Côte d'Ivoire is the most you-so-ky in Africa and one of the most you-so-ky in the world (up to 7 % in year). Causes of deprivation-le-se-niya: le-so-for-go-to-ki (including non-le-gal-nye), ras-shi-re-nie plan-ta- tsy ka-kao, ko-fe and one-year-old culture-tour (ku-ku-ru-za, rice, ma-ni-ok, ba-nan). In the place of the venerable eternal-but-green-le-forest-owls pre-ob-la-yes-there would be-st-ro-ra-studying pioneer-ner-ra-ti- body-ness (fun-tu-miya, ho-lar-re-na).

To the north from the Guinean zone with an increase in the length of the so-ho-go se-zo-na up to 3-4 months -sa change-nya-yut-sya le-so-sa-van-na-mi. Ty-pich-nye you-with-ko-herbal sa-van-ns of the Su-Dan zone, for-no-may-ing 1/3 of the territory of the country, races -countries in the northern part. Of the ancient species for sa-baths, ha-rak-ter-na is pre-hundred-vi-te-whether bo-bo-vyh -bur-keya, af-ze-lia, iso-ber- line, as well as com-bre-tum, lo-fi-ra, etc. godfather, an-d-ro-po-gon, elio-nu-rus, etc., che-re-blowing-schi-mi-sya with over-ros-la-mi kus-tar-ni-kov from bau- hi-nii, com-bre-tu-ma and gar-de-nii. Along the rivers before us in the sa-vann zone, yes-le-ko in the north for-ho-dyat ha-le-ray-nye-sa with pre-ob-la-da-ni-em qi-no-met-ry. On the per-rio-di-che-ski for something-p-lyae-my teaching-st-kah river floodplains pre-ob-la-yes-et gi-par-re-niya. In the zone of sa-vann shi-ro-ko once-ve-something bo-gar-noe zem-le-de-lie (ku-ku-ru-za, rice, ara-his, clap-chat-nick) , you-ra-schi-va-yut-sya mas-la-noe de-re-vo (ka-ri-te), man-go, etc.

In the mountains of the north-western part of the country, you are-ra-same-at-height-hundreds of clarity. The lower part of the slopes is new for-nya-you forever-but-ze-le-ny-mi ek-va-to-ri-al-ny-mi le-sa-mi (lo-fi-ra, chlo-ro-fo-ra, ter-mi-na-liya, etc.), at an altitude of 600-1600 m they are replaced by eda-phic sa-van-ny with ha-le-rei-ny-mi le-sa-mi. You-she races-on-the-same-we-you-so-mountain-meadows with Af-ro-al-piy-sky race-ti-tel-no-stu and teaching-st-ki re -face-of-you-from-to-mountain-forests.

The living world is rich and its own-ob-ra-zen.

In the composition of the fauna there are 230 species of mammals (19 under the threat of extinction), over 250 species of nests shish-sya birds (12 under the threat of ex-chez-no-ve-niya), 125 species of pre-sm-kayu-shchi-sya and approx. 40 species of terrestrial-water-nyh, including living-in-ro-dya-toad. Especially-ben-but many-numbers-len-us and different-about-times-we monkeys-I-we (St. 10 species of pri-mats), among them - pa- vi-an anu-bis, mar-tysh-ki (dia-na, mo-na, etc.), ko-lo-bu-sy, western subspecies of shim-pan-ze, outside -sen-ny in the IUCN Red Book, as well as sweat and ha-la-go. From the West, but 28 types of pairs-but-to-pyt-nyh: bo-ro-yes-voch-nick, kiss-te-eared pig, en-de-mich-ny for Zap. Af-ri-ki kar-li-ko-vy be-ge-mot, different-but-about-different in-lo-ro-gie (bush-bok, du-ke-ry, bon-go, si -ta-tun-ga, ori-bi, lo-sha-di-naya an-ti-lo-pa, water-dya-noy and marsh goat-ly, Af-ri-kan-sky bui- ox), etc. Over 25 species of predatory, including different-but-different-vi-ver-ro-vye (ge-not-you, qi-ve-you), medium -di rare species - le-o-pard, golden af-ri-kan-sky cat, gie-no-vid-naya so-ba-ka. For the fauna of Côte d'Ivoire, ha-rak-ter-we are also lizards and pipes-to-tooth. Once upon a time shi-ro-ko ras-pro-country-ny on the ter-ri-to-ri country of the Af-ri-kan-sky elephant we-do not obi-ta-et pre-im. in pre-de-lah oh-ra-nyae-my ter-ri-to-riy. On the territory of re-zer-va-ta Abu-kua-mek-ro in-tro-du-tsi-ro-van white but-so-horn. In all-me-st-but a lot of birds (fran-ko-li-ny, me-to-decree-chi-ki, ti-me-lii, ya-t-re-bi-nye, etc. ), snakes (pi-to-us, etc.). In the rivers, there are cro-co-di-ly: Nile, Af-ri-Kan-sky narrow-to-ry-ry and tu-po-ry-ry. Ras-pro-stra-not-na mu-ha tse-tse. V-li-ko raz-but-ob-ra-zie of their-thio-fau-na of coastal waters (over 250 species of fish).

Sis-te-ma oh-ra-nyae-myh natural ter-ri-to-riy dos-ta-toch-but re-pre-zen-ta-tiv-na and oh-va-you-va - is ok. 17% of the country's area. In the list-juice of the All-world-but-on-the-follow-dia, I will include nat. par-ki Ko-moe (an area of ​​​​1.15 thousand hectares, one of the largest in Western Africa) and Tai (one of the largest ma-lo-na -ru-shen-nyh wet ever-green-le-forests), from-not-soy-same to bio-spheral re-zero-va-there UNESCO, trans- border re-zer-vat Mon-Nim-ba (Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea).

Population

Over-pressing pain-shin-st-in on-se-le-niya Côte d'Ivoire go-vo-rit in ni-ge-ro-kon-go-lez languages: on in the south-east of the country, they live in na-ro-dy qua (31%), including Akan - 26% (bau-le 16%, anyi 4.4%) and la-gun -nye on-ro-dy; on se-ve-ro-in-sto-ke - gur (18.2%, including mo-si 12%, ku-lan-go, lo-bi, lig-bi, etc.); on se-ve-re - se-nu-fo (9.6%); in the south-west of pas de cru (8.5%, including be-te 3.4%, ge-re and in-be 2.9%, di-da, gre-bo, nyab -va, go-dieu, kru-men, ai-zi, bak-ve, etc.), etc.; in the west, se-ve-ro-for-pa-de and se-ve-ro-in-drain - man-de-lingual peoples (28.7%), including man -den 19.4% (malinka 9.6%, bam-ba-ra 5%, du-la 2.4%, mau, vo-ro-du-guka, etc.), southern man-de - 8.3% (dan 4.4%, gu-ro 2.6%, ben, tu-ra, mu-an, uan, yau-re, etc.), as well as so-nin-ke, bo -zo, bi-sa, etc. In the cities of Côte d'Ivoire, there are also ful-be (2.1%), hau-sa (0.6%), yoruba ( 0.5%), ara-by (0.3%), French-zu-zy, Germans, ang-li-cha-ne, etc.

Since the second half of the 20th century, the number of people in the country has increased by more than five times (3.9 million people in 1960; 20.8 million people in 2008); average-not-first-to-first rates of natural growth on-se-le-tion are declining (2.2% in 2008; 4.4% in 1973- 1982). The birth rate (32.7 per 1000 inhabitants; 2008) significantly exceeds the death rate (11.2 per 1000 inhabitants). For-ka-for-tel fer-til-no-sti 4.2 re-byon-ka for 1 woman-schi-nu; infant mortality is 69.8 per 1000 live-in-ro-w-days. In the age structure, pre-ob-la-yes-et on-se-le-work-to-spo-of-own-age-ra-ta (15-64 years old ) - 56.3%, for children under 14 years old 40.9%, persons 65 years and older - 2.8%. The average age for-se-le-ning is 19 years (2008). The average life expectancy in May is 54.6 years (men - 53.9, women - 55.4 years). Co-from-no-she-nie man-rank and women, for example, but equal. Sal-to external mi-gra-tsy in a lo-zhi-tel-noe, most of the labor-to-mi-grants come from neighboring countries (mostly from Bur-ki-na-Fa-so, Ma-li, Guinea). The average population density is 64.5 people / km2 (2008; one of the highest in Tropical Africa). The most densely occupied is the south of the country (up to 384 people / km2 in the Abid-ja-na area, 106.2 people / km2 in the Fro-ma-zhe region). In the northern, eco-no-mi-che-ski less times-vi-ty areas, the average population density is significantly lower (14.6 person/km2 in Den-ge-le region). To-la mountains. on-se-le-niya would-st-ro increase-li-chi-va-et-sya at the expense of a hundred-yan-no-go at the same time rural residents-te-lei and them- mi-grants (24% in 1965; 42% in 1985; over 50% in 2008). Large cities (thousand people, 2008): Abi-jan (3900), Bua-ke (624.5), Da-loa (234.7), Yamu-suk-ro (227 ), Ko-ro-go (200.2), San Ped-ro (160.2). The economy employs 6.9 million people, of which approx. 68% in agriculture (2007). Level without-ra-bo-ti-tsy 40% (estimate). Beyond the poverty line, 42% of the country's population lives (2006).

Religion

About 40% on-se-le-nia (2006, estimate) Côte d'Ivoire - mu-sul-ma-ne -sun-ni-you, about 28% - christian-ne (in t h. about 19% - ka-that-li-ki, about 6% - pro-tes-tan-you), approx. 30% - adherents of traditional cults. They also have affiliated women of af-roh-ri-sti-an-sky sin-kre-ti-che-cults (char-rism, etc.), bud-di -sta, in-dui-sta, ba-hai-you, etc.

Dei-st-vu-yut 4 mi-tro-po-lii and 11 dio-ce-calls of the Rome-sco-ca-to-personal church. The largest pro-tes-tant organization is the Ob-e-di-nyon-naya me-to-di-st-church of Côte d'Ivoire (os-no-va-na in 1924 year, self-standing status since 1985). Right-in-glorious parishes are on-ho-dyat-sya in the juris-dik-qi-and Alek-san-d-ri-sky great-in-glorious-church-vi.

Is-to-ri-che-sky essay

Côte d'Ivoire to ob-re-te-niya not-for-vi-si-mo-sti. Archaeological-logical walks (the so-called non-o-li-tic masters along the banks of the rivers) sw-de-tel-st-vu-yut about for -se-le-nii ter-ri-to-rii Côte d'Ivoire in the stone ve-ke. In III-II millennia BC. e. in the zone of sa-van-ny, and then in the forest zone, on-cha-elk, the development of the earth-le-de-lia; in the first millennium A.D. e. shi-ro-some race-pro-country-non-nie in-lu-chi-li-le-zo-de-later production, gon-char-noe re-mes-lo, tka-che-st - in, to-by-cha zo-lo-ta. At the beginning of the 2nd millennium, people who came from se-ve-ro-for-pa-da to-ro-dy se-nu-fo were scattered here; the city of Kong, founded by them, became one of the largest centers of ka-ra-van-noy trading-li in Western Africa. In the XV-XVI centuries, se-nu-fo would be from-tes-not-na to se-ve-ro-za-pad man-de-language-us-mi-na-ro-da-mi (ma-lin -ke, du-la, etc.), creating-dav-shi-mi at the beginning of the 18th century a state education with a center in Kong. In the 15th century, in the inter-f-du-re-whose rivers Ka-moe and Cher-naya Vol-ta, a state was formed on-ro-da ab-ron - Bo-no; on the za-pa-de from the Ban-da-ma river - the ran-not-go-state-gift-arrangement of anya and bau-le. The northern part of the territory of Cote d'Ivoire is included in the sphere of influence of the states of Western Su-da-na - Ga-na, Ma-li and Son-gai.

At the end of the 15th century, on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, they began to pro-no-kat ev-ro-pei-tsy, mainly port-to-gale-tsy, you-in- ziv-shie from-here-yes ivory (name of the country - Côte d'Ivoire in re-re-vo-de from the French language oz-na-cha-et Be-reg Slo-no -howl Kos-ti, BSK), gold-and-slave. Na-cha-lo ko-lo-ni-za-tion of Côte d'Ivoire in lo-ji-li in 1637 French mis-sio-ne-ry. In the 1840s, the French-tsu-zy for-kre-pi-were on the be-re-jee Côte d'Ivoire, in the 1880s they started their movement in the interior of the country. In the years 1887-1889, France-tion on-vya-za-la a number of so-called. so-uz-nich. to-go-vo-ditch of the great-vi-te-lyam of the African states and in-zh-dyam of the tribes. In 1892, according to the Franco-li-be-riy-sky con-vention, were there op-re-de-le-ny gra-ni-tsy of the French authorities-de-ny and Li-be-riy ( in the wake of the decision of the convention of not-one-but-times-but re-smat-ri-va-lied in favor of France), in 1893 according to French-British convention - borders with the British co-lo-ni-her Zo-lo-toy Be-reg.

In 1893, the BSC was declared by a co-lo-ni-her France (before that, for-hva-chen-nye franc-tsu-za-mi ter-ri-to-rii ad-mi- no-st-ra-tiv-but enter-di-li into the composition of the co-lo-nii Se-ne-gal), in 1895 he was included in the composition of the French West-pad-noy Af-ri-ki. The main from-ras-lyu ko-lo-ni-al-noy eco-no-mi-ki BSK became-la mountain-but-to-by-vayu-shaya industry (do-by-cha zo-lo-ta, al-ma-zov, mar-gan-tse-voi ore), as well as the development of forest riches; in-lu-chi-lo development of the plan-tats. ho-zyay-st-vo, cul-ti-vi-ro-va-lis ex-port cul-tu-ry - ka-kao, co-fe, ba-na-na.

At the end of the 1930s, in the BSC, there arose trade unions and public organizations of af-ri-kan-tsev, you -va-niya-mi pre-dos-tav-le-niya im-lytic rights. In October 1946, the BSC received the status of the overseas territory of France (within the framework of the French Society); part of the on-se-le-niya of the BSK became-la teaching-st-in-vat in you-bo-rach before-hundred-vi-te-lei in the French par-la-ment, as well as in the gene -ral council of ter-ri-to-ri, on-de-len-ny with co-translating functions (in 1952, pre-ob-ra-zo-van in ter-ri- then-ri-al-nuyu representative as-samb-ley, in 1958 - into the educational as-samb-ley). In 1946, the creation of the first party of the African on-se-le-nia - De-mo-kra-tic party (DP; ter-ri-to-ri-al-naya section Af-ri-kan-sko-go de-mo-kra-ti-che-sko-go ob-e-di-non-niya) led by D.F. Ufue-boo-a-ny. According to-the-voice-but for-to-well of 1956, in the time-ra-bot-ke of some-ro-go with-no-small participation of Ufue-Bu-a-nya, enter-di-moose everything -general of-bi-rational law, up-dividing-nya-elk de-le-nie from-bi-ra-te-lei into two ku-rii (Af-ri-kan-sky and ev- ro-pei-skuyu), ras-shi-rya-lis pra-va ter-ri-to-ri-al-noy for-to-no-dative as-samb-lei. According to re-zul-ta-tam re-fe-ren-doo-ma, so-hundred-yav-she-go-xia on September 28, 1958, BSC in-lu-chil the status of the state - a member of the French So -general-st-va. There was a sfor-mi-ro-va-but pra-vi-tel-st-vo, Ufue-Bu-a-nyi became his pre-se-da-te-lem.

Ivory Coast since 1960.

Res-pub-li-ka Côte d'Ivoire was pro-voz-gla-she-on August 7, 1960. She left the French Societies, but kept close ties with the former. metro-ro-po-li-she (in 1961, the right-vi-tel-st-vo Côte d'Ivoire for the key-chi-lo with France a series of agreements on eco -no-mic and military co-labor-no-che-st-ve). In November 1960, there was a pri-nya-ta con-sti-tu-tion of the country. For-mal-but it does not for-pre-scha-la the activities of the oppositional political parties, but-on-to fak-ti-che-ski one-st-ven -noy par-ty-her Côte d'Ivoire recognized the DP, under the control of someone-swarm, would all trade-union unions and about -schestvennoy org-ga-no-for-tion. In November 1960, the DP oder-la-la-po-du-doo at the National Assembly, then D.F. Ufue-Bu-a-nyi was elected by the pre-si-den-tom of the res-pub-li-ki. The next-blowing pre-zi-dent-sky and par-la-ment-skie you-bo-ry also pro-ho-di-li on without-al-ter-na-tiv-noy os -but-ve. Pra-vi-tel-st-in pro-di-lo li-be-ral-nuyu eco-no-mich. po-li-ti-ku; a course was taken to attract foreigners. ka-pi-ta-la, raz-vi-tie cha-st-no-go pre-at-ni-ma-tel-st-va. In the 1960s-1980s, the pace of economic growth would be very high-with-ki-mi (due to the use of funds, best-tea-my from ex -port-ta ko-fe and ka-kao-bo-bov), which in many ways is able to-own-stvo-va-lo under-der-zha-ny inside-ri-po-li-tich. sta-bil-no-sti in re-pub-li-ke.

In the 1980s, following the st-vie pa-de-niya of the world prices for coffee-fe and ka-kao-bo-would eco-no-mi-ka the country entered-pi-la into - severe crisis. In-flation, mass-co-vaya without-ra-bo-ti-tsa and a sharp pa-de-tion of the standard of living-no on-se-le-niya became pri-chi-noy ros-ta an-ti-pra-vi-states. on-building. In May 1990, D.F. Ufue-Bu-a-nyi le-ha-li-zo-val activity of the opposition-positional political parties and or-ga-ni-za-tsy. On the pre-si-dent-sky-bo-rakh on October 28, 1990, he won in be-du over the can-di-da-tom from L.K. Gbag-bo.

In front of the pre-si-dent elections of 1995, the National Assembly of Côte d'Ivoire pri-nya-lo right-ku to con-sti-tu- tions, according to the voice, but some-swarm ball-lo-ti-ro-vat-sya on the pre-si-dent post could only be the one who had ro-di-te-lei-ivua- p-tsev (one or both). This right-ka li-shi-la li-de-ra op-po-zits. parties Ob-e-di-non-nie res-pub-li-kan-tsev (os-no-va-na in 1994 as a result of ras-ko-la DP) A.D . Wat-ta-ru, bur-ki-niy-tsa according to pro-is-ho-zh-de-niyu, the possibility of learning-st-in-vat in you-bo-rah. On October 22, 1995, pre-si-den-tom, the chairman of the DP E.A.K. was elected. Be-dieu (other can-di-da-you fight-ko-ti-ro-va-whether you-bo-ry).

Pe-ri-od on-ho-zh-de-niya Be-die on the pre-zi-dent-stu was from-me-chen further-shey des-ta-bi-li-za-qi -her inside-ri-po-li-tich. ob-sta-nov-ki, called-in, including dis-cree-mi-nat. is it-ti-coy right-vi-tel-st-va from-no-she-niyu to them-mi-gran-there (about a quarter-ti-on-se-le-niya Kot- d'Ivoire is made up of you-walkers from other countries, mainly from Bur-ki-na-Fa-so, Benin, Gana, Guinea). In 1999, on-ka-well-not new pre-zi-dent-sky you-bo-ditch in the hundred and other cities of the country passed mass-co-de -mon-st-ra-tion in support of A.D. Wat-ta-ry. Vos-pol-zo-vav-shis si-tua-qi-ey, military-en-nye, led by a retired gene. R. Gue-em co-ver-shi-li state re-re-in-mouth. It was announcing-yav-le-but about the p-os-ta-nov-le-nii dei-st-via con-sti-tu-tion, displacement of pre-zi-den-ta, growth pus-ke pra-vi-tel-st-va and par-la-men-ta. Power passed to the National Committee for Public Spa-senation. In January 2000, sfor-mi-ro-va-no-re-move-noe pra-vi-tel-st-vo, in some-rum Gyu-ey took over the post of pre-zi-den-ta res-publics and ministries of defense.

On July 23, 2000, at the re-fe-ren-doo-me, it was approved-re-on the new Con-sti-tou-tion Côte d'Ivoire (entered-pi-la into si-lu on August 1, 2000 of the year); article about tre-bo-va-ni-yah to can-di-da-tu in pre-zi-den-you remained without iz-me-not-ny. On October 22, 2000, pre-si-dent-sky you-bo-ry for-we-we-were-li-de-ra Ivoi-r-th people's front-ta (INF; created-dan in 1983 in France) L.K. Gbag-bo. According to the rezul-ta-tam of the par-la-ment-sky elections (December 10, 2000 - January 14, 2001) INF and DP in-lu-chi-li, approximately equal to whether-che-st-in places. You-bo-ry didn’t bring to the norm-ma-li-za-tion about-sta-nov-ki in the country. September 19, 2002 in-en-nye for-hwa-ti-li power in the cities of Abi-jan, Bua-ke and Ko-ro-go. Mya-tezh managed to-yes-twist, one-on-one pov-stanch. group-pi-ditch-ki took control of all the north, as well as part of the central and western regions. There were clashes on ethnic grounds (me-zh-du ivua-r-tsa-mi and im-mi-gran-ta-mi, as well as me-zh -du pre-hundred-vi-te-la-mi of various nations).

In March 2003, the sfor-mi-ro-va-no coalition government of the national pri-mi-re-niya, some members of the INF, DP, rebel organ-ga-ni-za-tsy and Ob-e-di-non-niya res-pub-li-kan-tsev. One-on-one, already a year later, mi-ni-st-ry, representing-becoming-op-po-zi-tion, announce-reveal-whether about fight-to-te ra-bo-you are right -vi-tel-st-va in connection with the different ma-ni-fe-sta-tsy si-la-mi security-no-sti Côte d'Ivoire (in death-lo St. 100 people). In na-cha-le April 2004, for an eye-for-a-help-of-pra-vi-tel-st-vu in ur-gu-li-ro-va-ni con-flik-ta in the country would-whether on-right-le-na military sub-raz-de-le-tion of the UN.

In the summer of 2004, in the city of Ak-kra (Ga-na), there was a summit of the heads of 13 African states, on some international tel-st-vom Côte d'Ivoire and pov-stan-tsa-mi would-lo dos-tig-well, an agreement about the ure-gu-li-ro-va-nii of the internal con- flick-ta. One-to-si-tua-tion is still not-mu-os-ta-va-las not-stable-bil-noy, since it’s about-ty-in-bor-st-vou-shchi hundred-ro-ny from-ka-for-lis-ra-zo-ru-reap-sya. In these conditions, L.K. Gbag-bo made a decision about re-re-no-se at a later date of the pre-si-dent-you-bo-ditch, someone first -chal-but plan-ni-ro-va-elk about-weight-ti in 2005 (in the future, they still a few times from-kla-dy-wa-lis). In na-cha-le March 2007, Goa in the hundred-li-tse Bur-ki-na-Fa-so - Wah-ga-doo-gu for-ver-shi-li-pe-re-go-vo -ry me-zh-du Gbag-bo and li-de-rum of the Ivois-r-op-positional forces of G.K. So-ro. Hundred-ro-we under-pi-sa-li co-gla-she-nie, pre-du-smat-ri-vayu-shche creation of but-in-go-re-move-no-go pr-vi-tel-st-va of the country led by So-ro (sfor-mi-ro-va-no April 7, 2007). Before the pra-vi-tel-st-vom of Côte d'Ivoire, they stand for-da-chi according to the ra-zo-ru-same-tion of the stanitsa detachments, re-stand-new- le-niyu raz-ru-shen-noy in-fra-structure-tu-ry, ure-gu-li-ro-va-niyu me-zhet-nicheskih pro-ti-vo-re-chi, as well as according to the obes-pe-che-niyu pro-ve-de-niya pre-zi-dent-sky and par-la-ment-sky you-bo-ditch.

Di-plo-ma-tic relations between the USSR and Côte d'Ivoire us-ta-nov-le-ny in 1967 (pre-rva-ny right-vi-tel- st-vom Ivory Coast in 1969; The to-va-ro-turnover between two countries is 153.2 million US dollars (2004). RF after-to-va-tel-but you-stu-pa-et for the poli-tic ure-gu-li-ro-va-nie conflict-ta in Côte d'Ivoire.

Ho-zyay-st-vo

Os-no-wa eco-no-mi-ki Côte d'Ivoire - agriculture. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the eco-no-mic-lo-s-s-los-no-elk due to internal-ri-lytic non-stability. Since 2004, more-beautiful-but cre-di-to-va-nie Côte d'Ivoire World-wide bank-com. Per-spec-ty-you-development of the country are connected with di-ver-si-fi-ka-qi-ee eco-no-mi-ki, no-you-no- I eat ro-whether cha-st-no-go sec-to-ra, with-vle-che-ne-im-foreign in-ve-sti-tsy, pre-odo-le-ni-poor-no-sti.

The volume of GDP is 33.1 billion dollars (according to pa-ri-te-tu in-ku-pa-tel-noy ability; 2007); in race-those per capita on-se-le-niya 1.7 thousand dollars e place among 177 countries of the world). Growth in real GDP 1.6% (2007; 11% in the 1960s, 6% in the 1970s - early 1980s, 5% in the late 1990s). In the structure of GDP, the share of services is 50%, agriculture - 28%, industry - 22%.

Industry.

An important role is played by do-by-cha coal-le-vo-do-ro-dov in the eastern part of the shelf of Guinea-nei-go-go. The total volume of upstream oil (na-cha-ta in 1980) is 52 thousand barrels per day (2007; 15 thousand barrels per day in 2002). The largest deposits (2007): Es-pu-ar (28.1 thousand barrels / day), Bao-bab (21.1 thousand barrels / day) , Lai-on (1.9 thousand barrels per day). Do-by-cha is conducted mainly under the control of the state. company "So-ciété Nationale d'Opera-tions Pétrolières de la Côte d'Ivoire" ("Pet-roci"). OK. 60% of the oil ex-port-ti-ru-et-sya, of which 2/3 - to the countries of Western Europe (mainly to Germany) and to Ka-na-du .

Production of natural gas has been going on since the beginning of the 1990s (16 billion m3 in 2002; 22 billion m3 in 2006). Leading companies: Foxtrot International, Petroci, Energy de Côte d'Ivoire, etc. All gas is used within the country (mainly tre-bi-tel - electric-tro-energy-ge-ti-ka).

The need for electricity in electricity is full of roofs at the expense of their own top-p-living re-sur-owls. Us-ta-nov-len-naya capacity of power plants 1.1 thousand MW (2005). Electricity production 5.3 billion kWh, export - 1.1 billion kWh (2006). Most of you-ra-ba-you-vae-my energy is produced from-in-dit at thermal power plants (ra-bo-ta-yut on natural gas). The largest thermal power plant is Azi-to in the Abid-ja-na area (1999; installed capacity of 288 MW, over 1/3 of you-work-you -vae-my electric-tro-energy). About 1/5 of electricity is produced from-in-dit-Xia at hydroelectric power stations; the most important ones are “Ayame I” and “Ayame II” on the river. Bio, "Kossou" and "Taabo" on the river. Bang-da-ma, "Buyo" on the river. Sa-san-d-ra.

The only refinery in the country of the company "Société Ivoirienne de Raffinage" (SIR) located in Abid-Jean (capacity 65 thousand barrels per day ; 47.3% of the shares are owned by the state). Construction (since 2008, commissioning in 2011) of the second refinery in the Abid-ja-na area (capacity 60 thousand barrels per day). The ex-port of nef-te-pro-duk-tov in Ma-li, Bur-ki-na-Fa-so, Niger.

It’s going to do-by-cha gold-lo-ta (1.3 tons in 2006, 3.6 tons in 2002; deposits of Iti and Sub-re; large the largest companies - French "La Man-cha Resources Inc." and the state "Société pour le Développement Minier en Côte d'Ivoire"), al-ma-zov (300 thousand carats in 2006; paradise -ons Tor-tiya and Se-ge-la on se-ve-re and beyond-pa-de of the country).

De-st-vu-yut small-scale metal-lurgy and metal-lo-ob-ra-ba-you-making enterprises (production of steel-no- a sheet of imported for-go-to-woks, metal-personal cr-vel-nyh ma-te-ria-lov, ar-ma-tu-ry, pipes, production -lo-ki, etc. in Abid-zha-ne), factories for collecting av-to-mo-bi-lei, mo-to-tsik-lov, ve-lo-si-pe- dov and by-the-out electrical-tro-tech-nich. from-de-liy (Abi-d-zhan), numerous chemical enterprises (production of la-ko-kra-juicy from-de-liy and plastic masses , steam-fu-mer-no-kos-me-tic production, by-it-howl chemistry, convenient-re-ny, pest-ti-ci-dov, etc.), plant for the production of cell-lu-lo-sa (San Ped-ro; about 200 thousand tons of cell-lu-lo-sa per year), two tech-style comb-bi-na-ta (Bua- ke and Dim-bok-ro; mostly cotton-cha-to-boo-mazh-nye fabrics from me-st-no-th cotton and in-significantly-whether-che-st- ve - syn-te-tic fabrics from imported raw materials). They have several not-large-sized leather-veins-but-shoe enterprises, a sleep-chech-factory (60-100 million co-ro-side in year), su-do-construction-tel-nye and su-do-re-montage ver-fi (in Abid-ja-ne). Be-st-ro times-vi-va-yut-sya le-so-for-the-vi-tel-naya and de-re-vo-ob-ra-ba-you-vayu-shaya from-ras -li (about 600 thousand m3 of pi-lo-ma-te-ria-lov per year); most of the enterprises are co-medium-to-that-che-on in the south. districts of the country. For-met-nuyu role in the eco-no-mi-ke plays the production of construction-ma-te-ria-lov. It’s working to-by-cha dog, gravel, from-west-nya-ka, other construction raw materials. Acts-vu-et ke-ra-mic-water plant in Abid-ja-ne. The food industry is of great importance. The main production is many-number. not-large enterprises - palm-mo-voe mas-lo, mas-lo ka-kao, ra-tvo-ri-my coffee-fe, con-ser-vi-ro-van-nye ana -on-sy and fruit juices, fish con-ser-you. Large mu-ko-mol-nye and bread-bo-pe-kar-com-bi-on-you - in Abid-zhan and San Ped-ro.

Agriculture.

Leading from-branch - ras-te-nie-water-st-vo. Along with modern ag-ro-technical methods-to-da-mi (especially ben-but in the plantations of hosts-st-wahs), practical-ti-ku-et-sya sis -te-ma pe-re-loose-no-go earth-le-de-lia. Ob-ra-ba-you-va-et-sya 10% of the ter-ri-to-rii of the country (in a hundred-yan-but approx. 4%), of which approx. 1/2 pri-ho-dit-sya on the ka-kao garden. In terms of the production of ca-cao-bo-bov, Côte d'Ivoire is ranked 1st in the world (over 1 million tons in 2005; cf. approx. 46 % of world production; 15% of the cost of GDP). Export port value also has co-fe (collection of 130.8 thousand tons of green grains in 2005; 11th place in the world, mainly variety ro-bus-sta, about 5% - ara-bi-ka), ara-his (72.5 thousand tons); cashew nuts (59 thousand tons; 7th place in the world), ba-na-ny (36.1 thousand tons), ana-na-sy (34.8 thousand tons ; 18th place in the world), sa-har-ny tro-st-nick (22.8 thousand tons), ko-ko-so-nuts, avo-ka-do, man th, clap-chat-nickname. Means. square-di for-nya-you under the plan-ta-tion-mi mas-personal palm-we (kul-ti-vi-ru-yut for pro-from-va palm-mo-vo-go mas -la), under the garden-ka-mi he-wei. Côte d'Ivoire - the largest in Africa pro-iz-vo-di-tel na-tu-ral-no-go kau-chu-ka (72.4 thousand tons in 2005 ; 8th place in the world). The most important food crops (collection, thousand tons; 2005): yam 605, plan-tein 299, rice 245, ma-ni-ok 108, ku-ku-ru-za 106. Lives-here-but-water-st-in times-vi-something mainly in the northern regions, in the central and southern regions, but-sit of an eye-go-vy ha-rak-ter. In the top-lo-vie (thousand heads; 2005) pre-ob-la-da-yut goats and sheep - 2700; large horned cattle 1500, pigs 333.

One of the first-range-of-races is fish-bo-fishing-st-vo. Annual catch approx. 70 thousand tons (mainly tu-nets and sar-di-ny).

Transport.

Côte d'Ivoire has a branched road network, its density is especially ben-but ve-li-ka in the southern regions. About 80 thousand km, including 6.5 thousand km with hard smoke on the roof (2006). Av-to-trans-port provides-pe-chi-va-et delivers-tav-ku prak-ti-che-ski of all export-tailor-production to the point-there you-in-for-on -be-re-jee and trans-port-ti-ditch-ku of import cargo in various regions of the country. Av-to-ro-ga-mi, pro-le-guy-schi-mi along the be-re-zhu Guinea-nei-go bay., Côte d'Ivoire is connected with Ga- Noah, To-go, Be-ni-nom, Ka-me-ru-nom, Ni-ge-ri-she. The length of the one-st-ven-noy iron-lez-noy to-ro-gi (Abid-jan - gra-ni-tsa with Bur-ki-na-Fa-so) - 660 km; volume-e-we pass-sa-zhi-ro- and gr-zo-pe-re-vo-zok co-beautiful-scha-ut-sya because of the age-melting con-ku-ren- tions with auto-pe-re-cart-mi. Seaports - Abi-jan (gross-so-turnover is about 19 million tons per year, the largest in Western Africa; provides over 90% of external -not-tor-go-vyh per-re-vo-zok) and San-Ped-ro (in the main way you-carry wood-ve-si-ny and pi-lo-ma-te-ria-lov). 7 air-ro-ports have a take-off-but-sa-daughter-on-lo-su with solid smoke on the roof (2007). Me-zh-du-folk air-ro-port-you - in Abid-ja-ne, Yamu-suk-ro and Bua-ke.

International trade.

The cost of goods-var-no-go ex-port is 18.5 billion dollars, import - 6.1 billion dollars (2007 od). In this var-noy structure-tu-re ex-port-ta do-mi-ni-ru-et ag-rar-naya production: ka-kao-bo-by (about 30% of the cost-mo- sti) and ka-kao-pro-duk-you, co-fe, clap-chat-nick, cau-chuk, palm oil, fruit; OK. 25% of the cost of ex-port provides oil and oil products. Among other to-va-ditches are dre-ve-si-na and pi-lo-ma-te-ria-ly, fish con-ser-you. The main ones are ku-pa-te-li (2006): Germany (9.7% of the cost), Nigeria (9.1%), Ni-der-lan- dy (8.4%), France (7.3%), USA (7%), Bur-qui-na-Fa-so (4.4%). Côte d'Ivoire im-por-ti-ru-et oil and oil-te-pro-duct-you (st. 33% cost-mo-sti), machines and equipment and equipment -tion, transport media-st-va, pro-to-vol-st-vie. The main suppliers of to-va-dov are Nigeria (30.5% of the cost), France (16.4%), China-tai (6.7%) .

Armed forces

The armed forces (AF) of Côte d'Ivoire are composed of Su-ho-way troops (SV), the Air Force, the Navy, the Pre-Zi-Dent Guards and the Gendarme -me-rii (over 17.1 thousand people; 2007), as well as military for-mi-ro-va-nia - mi-li-tion (1, 5 thousand people; 2007). Year-to-howl military budget 300 million dollars (2007).

The supreme chief-but-to-man-blowing is-la-is-sya pre-zi-dent, someone-ru-ko-vo-dit of the Armed Forces through the Ministry of Education us and the headquarters of the Armed Forces. SV (6.5 thousand people) include 4 military districts, 1 tank and 3 infantry. ba-tal-o-na, from-del-nye art. di-vi-zi-on, pa-ra-shut-no-de-sant group-pu, engineering ro-tu and ze-nit-no-art. ba-ta-ray. There are 15 tanks (including 5 light tanks), 31 armored personnel carriers, 25 armored personnel carriers, 4 105-mm how-bi-tsy, 16 120-mm mi-no-myo- comrade, pro-ti-in-tank and anti-aircraft media. In the composition of the Air Force (700 people) is required, transport, communications and helicopter flight es-kad-ri-lyi (several sa-mo -le-tov and ver-to-le-tov, including 4 combat sa-mo-le-ta). In the co-hundred-ve of the Navy (950 people) there are several de-sant and patrol ka-ter-ditch. The number of the Pre-Zi-Dent Guards is 1.4 thousand people, the gendarme-rii is 7.6 thousand people. Weapons and military tech-no-ka mainly of French production.

A set of things-to-va-nie of the sun on the basis of-no-ve all-general-schey in-in-vintage according to wine-no-style of male-on-la persons at the age of 18 years , as well as you-bo-roch-but on a contract. Under-go-to-ka officer-tser-sko-go and un-ter-ofi-tser-sko-go co-hundred-va osu-sche-st-in-la-et-sya mainly in France . Part of the officers of the junior level is on the go-it-is in the nat. in the en-nom school and in the flight school in Boua-ke. Mo-bilization resources 4 million people, including 2.1 million people year-old for military service. In 1961, France and Côte d'Ivoire under-pi-sa-li do-go-thief about co-joint ob-ro-ne (dis-lo-qi-ru-ut-xia French voi-ska - about 3.8 thousand people).

Health-in-security

In Côte d'Ivoire, per 100,000 inhabitants, there are 12 doctors, 60 persons of a secondary medical per-so-na-la, 2 hundred-ma-to-lo-ha, 6 pharmacists -tsev-tov (2004). The total cost of health care is 3.9% of GDP (2005) (budget fi-nan-si-ro-va- nie - 27.6%, private sector - 72.4%) (2003). Right-in-re-gu-li-ro-va-nie sys-te-we-health-in-security-non-niya os-sche-st-in-la-et-sya For-ko-nom about for -shchi-those health on-se-le-niya and the environment of obi-ta-niya from the action of industrial and radio-active wastes (1988 ). The system of health-in-protection includes city parts of medical and sto-ma-to-logical education. In a rural area, medical assistance is og-ra-ni-che-na in volumes and ka-che-st-ve because of the day-st-via cad- ditch. The most-boo-ra-pro-counter-infections - bak-te-ri-al-naya di-zen-te-riya, he-pa-tit A, ma-la-riya, yellow li-ho-rad-ka, shis-to-so-ma-toz (2008). The main causes of death of an adult-on-the-le-le-tion: AIDS, ma-la-ria, diseases of the lower respiratory tract, that -ber-ku-lez, ser-dech-but-so-su-di-stye for-bo-le-va-niya, trauma-we, cancer (2004). Seaside climatic resort of Grand Ba-sam.

National Olympic Committee founded in 1962, recognized by the IOC in 1963. Sports shifts of Côte d'Ivoire have been taking part in the Olympic Games since 1964 (with the exception of 1980); the only-st-ven-nuyu on-gra-du for-war-shaft easy-to-at-years G. Tya-koh, who took 2nd place in the 400 m run (Los -And-same-forest, 1984). In 1960, uch-re-zh-de-but the Ministry of mo-lo-de-zhi and sports. In the 1960s, the first sports federations were created in the country and a number of national events were held.

The most popular types of sports: judo, boxing, football, handball, easy at-le-ti-ka, rowing on a Bai-Dar- kah and ka-noe. Collective team-da Côte d'Ivoire on foot-bo-lu us-pesh-but you-stu-pa-et on the international-folk-roar-but-va-ni-yah - ob-la-da-tel (1992) and fi-on-list (2006) Cup of Af-ri-ki, teaching-st-nik fi-nal-noy hour-ty than-pio-on- that world in Germany (2006). The strongest footballers of the country are you-stu-pa-yut in the leading European clubs: D. Drog-ba - in co-hundred-ve lon-don -sko-go "Chel-si" than-pi-on of England (2005, 2006); A. K. Kei-ta - in the co-hundred "Lio-on" than the pi-on of France (2008); K.Kh. Tu-re - in "Ar-se-on-le" (London, since 2002 ode); his brother Y. Tu-re - in "Bar-se-lo-ne" (since 2007); B. Sa-no-go - in "Ver-de-re" (Bre-men, since 2007) and others. -gr-shah Cube Af-ri-ki.

Education. Uch-re-zh-de-niya nau-kii kul-tu-ry

Management of education-re-g-de-niya-mi osu-sche-st-in-la-et Ministry of national education and scientific research -follow-to-va-ny. The network of pre-school-l-nyh uch-re-zh-de-niy time-vi-that is weak-bo, basically they function-tsio-ni-ru-yut in large cities. System-te-ma ob-ra-zo-va-niya includes (2008) obligatory free 6-year-old initial education for children from 6 years of age, 7 years of middle age (4 years of incomplete and 3 years of age) ob-ra-zo -va-nie in the state-state and not-go-su-dar-st-ven-ny educational institutions-ve-de-ni-yah (col-led-zhah and faces), vocational education (on the basis of primary and incomplete secondary school) in the centers of teaching-no-che-st-va and those -nic faces, higher professional education. Pre-school-l-nym re-pi-ta-ni-em oh-va-che-but 3% of children, at-initial education-che-ni-em - 71%, middle - 32 %. The literacy rate for-se-le-niya at the age of over 15 years is 62.1% (2006). The system of the highest professional education includes: Ko-ko-di University, d'Abobo-Ad-ja-me University (both in Abid-ja-ne ); University in Boua-ke - all universities you-de-li-lis in 1995 from the National University (os-no-van in 1958 as the Center for Higher Education in Abid-Ja -not), National Polytechnic Institute (1996) in Yamu-suk-ro, National School of Management (1960), Higher National School of Fine Arts kusstvo (1963) - both in Abidzhan; National Engineering School (1963), Higher Ag-ro-no-mic School (1996) - both in Yamu-suk-ro. The main museums, bib-lio-te-ki, scientific uch-re-g-de-niya are on-ho-dyat-sya in Abid-ja-ne, Bua-ke, Ko-ro-go.

Mass media

Leading periodic publications: daily government newspapers “Fraternité Ma-tin” (you-go-dit since 1964, circulation 25 thousand copies), "Ivoir' Soir" (since 1987, 10 thousand copies); monthly government. Bulletin "Jour-nal Officiel de la République de Côte d'Ivoire" (since 1958, 25,000 copies); daily independent newspapers Le Jour (since 1994), Le Patriote (since 1991), La Nou-velle République, Notre Voie; monthly "Eburnéa" (since 1967) (all in Abidjan, in French) and others. le vie de nie since 1963. Trans-la-tion te-le- and radio-pe-re-dachas (in French and local languages) os-sche-st-v-la-et public service “Ra- diodiffusion-Télévision Ivoirienne "and others. National information agency - Agence Ivoi-rienne de Presse (AIP; created in 1961).

Literature

Li-te-ra-tu-ra of Côte d'Ivoire raz-vi-va-et-sya in French. In the 1930s, for-ro-zh-yes-et-sya national drama-ma-tour-gy. In 1938, the "Tu-earth-the-atr" was created, where there were plays-by-you, historical, and also under- maw-shi te-mu ko-lo-ni-al-noy exploitation (creation-che-st-vo B.B. Da-dieu, F.J. Amo-on d'Aby and others .). In 1952, the uch-re-zh-de-na Folk aka-de-miya of literature and poetry, in 1962 - the national As-so-cia-tion pi-sa-te-lei, pi-shu-shih on French. The heyday of drama-ma-tur-gy began after about-re-te-niya not-for-vi-si-mo-sti. In the 1960s and 1970s, a heroic-ko-is-to-rice drama appeared. The influence of the French class-si-cis-ma from-me-che-on di-logia E. Der-ve-na: drama “Sa-ran, or Pre-stup-naya ko-ro -le-va", in some way an image of the wise African right-vi-te-la was created, po-li-ti-ka and half-ko-vod-tsa, and " Language and scor-pi-on ”(both 1968). Sh. No-kan in the play “Go-re-sti Cha-ko” (1968) in-sta-vil about the power-sti-te-la and on-ro-yes; in os-no-woo so-tsi-al-no-uto-pic plays "Ab-raa Po-ku, or Ve-li-kaya af-ri-kan-ka" (1970) in-lo- lived le-gen-du about pro-is-ho-zh-de-nii on-ro-yes bau-le. The struggle of the African peoples against ko-lo-no-for-the-ditch found from-ra-the-same-nie in the plots of cha-go-teyu-shih to epic-no-sti dramas "Be-at-ri-che from Kon-go" (1970) and "Ost-ro-wa bu-ri" (1973) th connection-for-but also for-ro-g-de-nie of the sa-ti-ric comedy (“Gos-po-din To-go-Ni-ni”, 1970; “Mua -Sel, 1979). Heroes-for-tion is-to-rich. past-go-go - in the os-no-ve play "So-fa" B. Za-di Za-uru (1975).

Poetry and pro-za na-cha-li bur-but raz-vi-vat-sya in the 1950s. A bright example of revolutionary an-ti-ko-lo-ni-al-noy poetry: collections “Af-ri-ka in full growth” (1950), “Lyu-di all kon-ti-nen-tov ”(1967) B.B. Yes-die; “Su-ro-vy call to-de-zh-dy” Zh.M. Bon-i-ni (1961). In the 1970s, in the poetry of yav-st-ven-ny ten-den-tion of ro-man-ti-za-tion of the past Af-ri-ki (creation-che-st-vo B. Za-di Za-uru, A. Ka-nie). With the name of Da-dieu, there is a connection-for-and-new-le-pro-zy: the collection "Af-ri-kan-sky le-gen-dy" (1954), a book of folk tales -lor-noy os-no-ve "Black in elm-ka" (1955); auto-bio-graphic novel “Clem-bier” (1956) and others. the roof in the ro-ma-ne “Ko-kum-bo is a black student” by A. Lo-by (1960). Ost-ro-toy an-ti-ko-lo-ni-al-no-go pa-fo-sa, ro-mantic pa-fo-som, stylistic syn-kre-tiz-mom ( co-che-ta-nie li-riz-ma and public-li-qi-stich-no-sti) from-li-cha-yut-xia ro-ma-ny “For-no-ma-et-sya black -ny race-light "(1962) and" There was a strong wind "(1966) Sh. No-ka-na. In the 1970s, in-lu-cha-yut dis-pro-country-non-nra-in-pi-sa-tel-nye ro-mans, in some you are in the foreground -ho-dyat traditional African values. In Russian neg-ri-tu-da - ro-ma-ny “Young-sha from Bua-ke” M. Ko-ne (1963), “Uaz-zi” J. Do-do, “Mas- se-ni "T. De-ma," Us-mi-ryon-ny under-zhi-ha-tel "P. du Prey (all - 1977). The “black” was something-pi-sa-tel-st-vo, a depiction of the gloomy phenomena of the traditional African so-tsiu-ma (magic, coll dov-st-vo, secret communities) kha-rak-ter-no for ro-ma-na “U-po-ga ir-re-al-no-go” A. Ko -not (1976). In in-tel-lek-tu-al-nom ro-ma-ne-parr-che “Udo-ve-re-personality” Zh.M. Ad-yaf-fi (1980) in the symbol-in-personal form you-ra-wives call to restore-stand-but-twist-van-nye-ko-lo-no-for-that-ra- we have connections with the spiritual and cultural on-the-follow-di-e-ancestors. Sample you-so-ko-hu-do-same-st-ven-no-go sin-te-for in-di-vi-du-al-no-av-tor-sko-go-iro- nical style, elements of oral tradition on-ro-yes ma-lin-ke and modern ro-man-noy tech-no-ki became creative A. Ku-ru-we (“Mon-ne, or Humiliating bro-sa-yut call”, 1990; “Waiting for the go-lo-co-va-niya di some animals, 1998, etc.).

Ar-khi-tek-tu-ra and iso-bra-zi-tel-noe art-kus-st-vo

The peoples of the southern, forest part of the country are building rectangular dwellings with a roof of palm branches. The peoples have bau-le and any oval in terms of do-ma ok-ru-same-us on-ve-cat. On the se-ve-ro-for-pa-de races-pro-countries-not-us are round in plan-not to-ma with ko-nich. so-lo-men-ny-mi roofs-sha-mi. This type of housing in the east of the country is changing clay-but-bit-us-mi-rectangle-us-mi in terms of do-ma-mi with a flat roof. In the central part of Côte d'Ivoire, the house has a rectangular plan with a circle of len-us-mi and a 3-4 raz-de-le-na in-me-shche-tion. The walls of the houses are sometimes dis-pi-sy-va-ut-xia with a geo-metric or-on-men-tom, fi-gu-ra-mi of people and animals.

After the pro-vo-gla-she-tion of not-for-vi-si-mo-sti began to erect 1-4-story residential buildings; building multi-storey buildings, embracing races-lo-women in the lower part of the tor-go-th center, hotel, res-to-ra-ny and cor-pu-sa apartment or con-tor: Nur al-Kha-yat center (ar-hi-tek-to-ry A. La-je, J.P. Lu-pi, J. Mae), office complex “La Pi-ra-mid” with an aluminum section (architect R. Olivier-e-ri, engineer R. Mo-ran-di; both - in Abid-zhan, 1960-1970s), air-ro-port near Abid-zhan (1969, ar-hi-tek-to-ry M. Du -charm, J. More-ro, J.P. Mi-no), the Cas-ka-dy hotel in Mane (1969, Du-charm, K. Lar-ra, Mi-no); the administrative building of SCIAM in Abid-zhan (1975, J. Se-my-chon) in the inter-na-tsio-nal style. Some hotels (in Sa-san-d-re, architect Be-nua-Bar-ne; in Asi-ni, ar-hi-tek-to-ry J. Se-mi- Sean, L. Re-nar, A.K. Vee) sti-li-zo-va-ny under hi-zhi-ny with so-lo-men-ny-mi blood-la-mi. Creation of cultural centers in Abid-zhan and Bois-ke, covered markets. In construction, they use the same-le-zo-be-tone and glass, to from-de-local-ra-bo-there at-at-ca-yut- Xia me-st-nye re-mes-len-ni-ki. In the 1970s, O.K. Ka-ku-bom raz-ra-bo-tan the general plan of the city-ro-da Yamu-suk-ro and you-built a complex of public buildings in the forms of bru-ta-liz- ma: Palace of Con-gres-sa, Palace of Pre-zi-den-ta, hotel "Pre-zi-dent", buildings of the mayor and Fond-da Ufue-Bou-a-ny. In the 1980s, the voz-ve-de-ny ka-to-lich. temples: Cathedral of St. Paul in Abi-ja-ne (1985, architect A. Spi-ri-to) with elements-men-ta-mi in stmo-der-niz-ma, the grand di-oz-ny cathedral of Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix in Yamu-su-cro (1986-1989, architect P. Fa-khu-ri; the building is re- there is a com-po-zi-tion co-bo-ra of St. Peter in Wa-ti-ka-ne); both co-equipment of the design of the le-na wit-ra-zha-mi.

Living-in-writing as an independent art form arose in Côte d'Ivoire only in the 1960s. Among the hu-doge-ni-kov of this-go period-yes - M. Ko-dio and E. J. San-to-ni; both in-lu-chi-li ob-ra-zo-va-nie in France. On the rub-be-same of the 1980-1990s, Ya. bottom-ma co-che-ta-yut-xia with the me-st-or-na-men-tal-tra-di-qi-ee. A special-fighting place in the artistic life-neither for-no-ma-yut before-hundred-vi-te-whether on-ive-no-go art-kus-st-va (Z. Mak-re, F. Bru-li-Bou-ab-re), continuing the re-mess-len-tra-di-tion of getting-to-le-you-ve-juice. The most famous sculptor is K. Lat-thier, who worked in France and in the ro-di-ne; creates-yes-et pro-from-ve-de-niya from metal-la, elements-men-tov cor-zi-night-no-go weave, ve-ryo-wok and fabric . Ke-ra-mic sculpt-tu-swarm in the spirit of tra-di-ci bau-le for decorating architectural structures for-ni-ma-et-sya S. Before th Yao; K. Mu-ru-fie also works in this genre. Raz-vi-you carving on de-re-vu (mas-ki, fi-gur-ki people-day), about-ra-bot-ka gold-lo-ta, bronze and me-di, weaving. In the district of Ka-tio-la co-medium-do-to-che-but pro-due to gon-char-nyh from de-liy, the Se-ge-la district knows-me-nit graceful -we-mi co-court-mi "ka-na-ri", in the area of ​​​​Ko-ro-go from-go-tov-la-yut spher-rich. pots and og-rum-nye re-zer-vois-ry for grain. Raz-vi-va-et-sya traditional. ros-pis do-mov.

Musical cul-tu-ra ti-pich-na for West Af-ri-ki; representing-becoming-le-on professional tra-di-tion-mi dan, ma-lin-ke (group-pa man-ding-go), bau-le, ve (group-pa cru), se-nu-fo . At given mu-zy-ka you-de-le-na are in a sa-mo-stand-up branch of traditional culture, to a significant extent its connection was preserved with a cult-howl practice-ti-koy (pro-is-ho-zh-de-nie mu-zy-ki connection-zy-va-et-sya with the world of spirits; in magical tse -lyah use-pol-zu-yut-sya is-ka-zhayu-shchy voice-los mas-ki run-bo). Professional m-zy-kan-you ob-e-di-nya-yut-sya in ac-co-cia-tion, sp-cia-li-za-tion re-da-et-sya on the trail -st-woo; on-us-not you-so-tse-nit-sya master-ter-st-in-singers-im-pro-vi-for-the-ditch (solo f-yes-et-sya game on ar-fe, la-mel-la-fo-not). Mu-zy-ka - not-wean-le-may part of the rituals of ini-tsia-tion, ri-tua-lov, pre-cooking hunting, etc. Ig-ra on the ba-ra-ba-nah co-pro-vo-g-da-et labor-do-vye dey-st-via zem-le-del-tsev, co-stya-za-niya in the fight and dance -tsy. Kas-ta of professional singers and mu-zy-kan-ts at ma-lin-ke - je-li (griot-you; ak-com-pa-ni-ru-yut se-be on ko-re, xi -lo-fo-not, ar-fe, etc.); among the general-st-ven-but-significant functions of the je-li - on-put-st-viya warriors-us and their glorification. You-so-cue status has professional music and in society. life-no bau-le: races-pro-countries-not-us songs in honor of deities and spirits of ancestors; in su-deb-practice-ti-ke use-pol-zu-yut-sya ba-ra-ba-ny, some-rye-ta-yut-sya in-medium-no-me -well-du people and du-ha-mi ancestors; on communities. co-b-ra-ni-yah in co-pro-in-g-de-nii ba-ra-ba-nov and signal idio-fon-nov races-ne-va-yut ethical tech -st and in words. For bau-le ha-rak-ter-but two-go-lo-this (pe-nie and play-ra on in-stru-men-tah par-ral-lel-ny-mi ter-tion-mi). At ve in the signal function, use the so-called. go-in-rya-shchy ba-ra-ba-ny, on them rises-about-out-of-the-dyat-sya also praise-leaven-songs-neither-w-dyam and warriors-us. Se-nu-fo kas-you mu-zy-kan-tov from-sut-st-vu-yut, but mu-zy-ka has a great meaning in rituals husband -sky and women's secret societies; especially-ben-but in-te-res-us songs-no rites of ini-cia-tion, some-rye-so-pro-in-g-da-yut-sya pain-shi-mi-in -st-ru-men-tal-ny-mi an-samb-la-mi. In the cities of the races-pro-countries-not-us to-su-go-vye forms of mu-zi-tsi-ro-va-nia. Muses. about-ra-zo-va-nie and the study of traditional mu-zy-ki with-medium-do-that-che-but in Abid-zhan.

Te-atr, ta-nets

The national theater-at-ral-tra-di-tion takes on-cha-lo in the art of griots. In 1938, you-pu-sk-ni-ki school-ly U. Pon-ti (Da-kar) or-ha-ni-zo-wa-li in Abid-zha-ne “Tu-earth-te- atr ”, paying special attention to the play itself, on the right-len-nym against shar-la-tan-st-va kol-du-nov (“Bus-sa- tie, or the Secret of the black-no-go-kol-du-na "F.J. Amo-on d'Aby, 1939, etc.). In the early 1940s, there appeared a sa-ti-ric in-sta-nov-ki G. Koff-fi (one of the foundations of the African te-at-ra) according to own plays - “Na-shi zhe-ny” (1940) and “My husband” (1941); in 1943, he staged his an-ti-ko-lo-ni-al-ny play “The Song of the Return”. In 1953, the “Tu-earth-the-atr” was pre-ob-ra-zo-van in the “Cultural and folklore circle”, which took a prominent place -a hundred in the cultural life of the whole of Western Africa. Re-per-to-ar included plays by-it-in-the-go and historical content (including “Ko-ro-na with auction-cion- on "Amo-na d'Abi," Eeyore-on-da "Koff-fi," At-key-che-ko-zy "D. Ma-ha-ma-na). In 1958, under the leadership of K. Ngua-na, there was-lo os-no-va-no Te-at-ral-noe society Be-re-ga Slo-no-voi Kos-ty. At this time, shi-ro-ko became plays of me-st-nyh dra-ma-tur-gs (“Rural Kol-du-nya” by M. Ber-te, “Ter- mi-you "E. Der-ve-na, and others). Pol-zo-wa-las us-pe-hom troupe-pa of Abid-jan-th university “Mas-ki and ba-la-fo-ny”. In 1959, the School of Dramatic Art was opened in Abi-d-zha-not, followed by the pre-ob-ra-zo-van-naya in te-at-ral school at the National Institute of Arts (created in 1967). Middle means. spec-so-lei of this-go period-da: “Three pre-ten-den-ta, one husband” G. Oh-oh-no Mbia (1968), “Gos-po-din To-go- Nyi-ni "B. B. Da-die (1970)," Tus-sio "G. De-man-Go (1971). In 1971, on the Abidjan stage, the com-media "Re-vis-zor" N.V. Go-ho-la. In the 1980s - the beginning of the 2000s, in a popular way, the playwright and director M. Ekis-si ("Time of the red be-re-tov", 1988; "Tra -ge-diya ko-ro-la Christo-fa", 1993; "Ges-to-kiy holiday", 1999; "My name is Bra-khi-ma", 2001) . One of the largest te-at-ral-nyh dei-te-lei of Côte d'Ivoire at the beginning of the 21st century is actor and director S. Ba-ka-ba. Since 1993, every 2 years in Côte d'Iouar, a Me-d-du-folk festival of arts has been held.

Especially ben-but-po-lyar-ny in Côte d'Ivoire was based on folk-lo-re dance-tse-val-nye in-sta-nov-ki. In 1974, the National Ballet of Côte d'Ivoire was created in Abidzha. The most famous dance-tse-val-collective-lek-ti-you: "Mant-che" (1998), "Ji-giya" (1999), "Dan-kan" (2006), "1 So-mni-ak" (2008). Among the is-pol-ni-te-lei (early 2000s) - A.B. Bam-ba, A. Dra-me, K. Ma-ma-di.

For-ro-zh-de-nie of the national ki-ne-ma-to-gra-fa is connected-for-but with the name of T. mouth-to-measurement films “On the dunes one-no-che-st-va”, “Sixth furrow-rose-yes”, “Fire in the bar-se”, etc. He in 1969, the first national full-length film “Woman with a knife” was released, for -no-she-niya afr. and app. qi-vi-li-za-tsy. In the 1970s, pro-ble-we-we-we-st-vi-tel-no-sti came from-ra-zhe-nie in the ki-no-len-tah "Amanie" and "Hat-pa » R. M'Bala and "Scream mu-ed-zi-na" E. N'Da-bi-ana Wo-dio. In the 1980s, the films “Che-lo-vek from da-le-ka” by M. Trao-te, “Jel-li” by K. Lan-si-ke Fe-di were released in the country -ke, "An-zha-Tio" J.L. Ku-la, “Da-lo-kan” M. Do-sa, “Tse-li-te-li” S. Ba-ka-by. In 1983, the film “Pe-tan-ki” by I. Ko-zo-loa (together with Ni-ge-ri-ey) was released. Significant spectator interest called “Ek-zo-ti-che-ko-media” K. Tu-re (1985) - about the life of a traditional -sche-st-va se-nu-fo. The most-bo-lea of-west-ny-mi ki-ne-ma-to-gra-fi-hundred-mi yav-la-yut-sya re-zhis-syo-ry D. Eka-re (“Con- cert for iz-gnan-ni-ka", 1968; "France for the two of us", 1970; "Faces of women", 1985) and A. Du-parc ("Mu- na, or the Sword-ta hu-dozh-ni-ka", 1969; "Family", 1972; "Wild grass", 1977; "I chose life", 1987; “Ball in the Cloud of Dust”, 1988; “Sixth Finger”, 1990; “Coffee Color”, 1998), -their ra-bo-tah ak-tu-al-nye moral and social themes and tya-go-teyu-shchie to the genre of tra-gi-ko-media. In 1974, about-ra-zo-va-na As-so-tsia-tion of professional ki-no-dea-te-lei Côte d'Ivoire-ra (included in Pan-af-ri-kan-skuyu fe-de-ra-tsu ki-ne-ma-to-gra-fi-stov). Since 1969, Ivory Coast films have been learning-st-woo-yut at the All-af-ri-kan-ki-no-fes-ti-va-le (FESPACO) in Wa-ga-dugu.

Republic of Côte d "Ivoire. A state in West Africa. Capital - Yamoussoukro (about 120 thousand people - 2003). Territory - 322.46 thousand sq. Km. Administrative-territorial division - 18 regions. Population - 21 million 058 thousand 798 people (2010 estimate) Official language - French Religion - traditional African beliefs, Islam and Christianity Monetary unit - CFA franc National holiday - August 7 - Independence Day (1960) Côte d "Ivoire is a member of the UN since 1960, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) since 1963 and the African Union (AU) since 2002, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) since 1975, the Economic and Monetary Union of West African States (UEMOA) since 1962 and the General Afro-Mauritian Organization (OKAM) since 1965.

State flag. A rectangular panel with three vertical stripes of the same size in orange, white and green (the white stripe is in the center).

Geographic location and boundaries.

Continental state in southern West Africa. It borders in the west with Guinea and Liberia, in the north - with Burkina Faso and Mali, in the east - with Ghana, the southern coast of the country is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Guinea. The length of the coastline is 550 km.

Nature.


Most of the territory is occupied by hilly plains, turning in the north into a plateau with a height of more than 400 m above sea level. In the northwest there are large mountain ranges Dan and Tura with deep gorges. The highest point is Mount Nimba (1752 m). The minerals are diamonds, bauxite, iron, gold, manganese, oil, nickel, natural gas and titanium. The climate of the northern and central regions is subequatorial dry, and the southern one is equatorial humid. The zones of these climates differ mainly in the amount of precipitation. The average annual air temperature is +26° (Celsius). The average annual rainfall is 1300-2300 mm per year on the coast, 2100-2300 mm in the mountains and 1100-1800 mm in the north. Dense river network: the rivers Bandama, Dodo, Cavalli, Komoe, Nero, Sasandra, etc., which are not navigable due to the presence of rapids (except for the Cavalli river). The largest river is the Bandama (950 km). Lakes - Warapa, Dadier, Dalaba, Labion, Lupongo and others. Côte d "Ivoire is one of the 12 African countries that meet the needs of the population in clean drinking water.

The southern regions are covered with evergreen equatorial forests (African lofira, iroko, red Basam tree, niangon, ebony tree, etc.), in the north there are forest savannas with gallery forests along river banks and tall grass savannahs. Due to deforestation (in order to expand arable land and export timber), their area has decreased from 15 million hectares in the beginning. 20th century up to 1 million hectares in 1990. Fauna - antelopes, hippos, buffaloes, cheetahs, hyenas, wild boars, leopards, lions, monkeys, panthers, elephants, jackals, etc. Many birds, snakes and insects. The tsetse fly is widespread. There are a lot of shrimps and fish (sardine, mackerel, tuna, eel, etc.) in the coastal waters.

Population.

The average annual population growth is 2.105%. The birth rate is 39.64 per 1000 people, the death rate is 18.48 per 1000 people. Child mortality - 66.43 per 1000 newborns. 40.6% of the population are children under the age of 14. Residents who have reached the age of 65 make up 2.9%. Life expectancy is 56.19 years (55.27 for men and 57.13 for women). (All figures are current as of 2010).

Citizens of Côte d "Ivoire are called Ivorians. The country is inhabited by more than 60 African peoples and ethnic groups: Baule, Anyi, Bakwe, Bambara, Bete, Here, Dan (or Yakuba), Kulango, Malinka, Mosi, Lobi, Senufo, Tura, Fulbe etc. The non-African population in 1998 was 2.8% (130 thousand people Lebanese and Syrians, as well as 14 thousand French). Of the local languages, the languages ​​of Anyi and Baule are the most common. Approximately 25% of the population are immigrants who came to wages from Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea, Mauritania, Mali, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Togo and Senegal In the late 1990s, the government began tightening immigration policies. refugees and internally displaced persons.According to UN estimates, 600 thousand inhabitants of Côte d'Ivoire fled to neighboring African states (the contingent of Ivorian refugees in Liberia in 2003 numbered 25 thousand people). OK. 50% of the population live in cities: Abidjan (3.1 million people - 2001), Agboville, Bouake, Korhogo, Bundiali, Man, etc. In April 1983, the capital was moved to the city of Yamoussoukro, however, the city of Abidjan continues remain the political, business and cultural center of the country.

State device.

Republic. The first constitution of an independent country was adopted in 1960. The constitution approved by a referendum of July 23, 2000 is in force. The head of state is the president, who is elected on the basis of universal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. He may hold office for no more than two five-year terms. Legislative power is vested in the president and a single-seat parliament (National Assembly). Members of Parliament are elected by universal direct and secret suffrage for five years.

Judicial system.

All administrative, civil, commercial and criminal cases are heard in the courts of first instance. A military tribunal was established in 1973. The supreme body of judicial power is the Supreme Court.

Defense.

The national army was formed in 1961. In August 2002, the armed forces of Côte d'Ivoire consisted of ground forces (6.5 thousand people), air force (700 people), navy (900 people), paramilitary presidential guard (1350 people) and a 10,000th contingent of reservists.The gendarmerie units numbered 7.6 thousand people, the police - 1.5 thousand people.Compulsory military service was introduced in December 2001. In 1996, with the assistance of France, a center was opened in the country military training In July 2004, 4,000 French troops were in the buffer zone between government troops and rebel forces (according to the UN decision, they will remain there until the 2005 elections). army.

Foreign policy.

An important place is occupied by bilateral ties with France (diplomatic relations were established in 1961). She is the main trading partner of Côte d'Ivoire, she has a paramount role in resolving the political crisis of 1999-2003. Côte d'Ivoire became the first African country to establish diplomatic relations with South Africa (1992), one of the first in Africa to establish them with Israel. Interstate relations with Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Niger and other countries are complicated because of the problem of refugees.

Diplomatic relations with the USSR were established in January 1967. In May 1969 they were severed at the initiative of the government of Côte d'Ivoire without an official explanation of the reasons. Diplomatic relations were restored on February 20, 1986. In 1991, the Russian Federation was recognized as the legal successor of the USSR. New agreements are being prepared in the field of improving treaty - the legal framework for bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and Côte d'Ivoire.

Economy.

It is based on a private form of ownership. Most mixed enterprises are controlled by foreign capital (mainly French). Côte d'Ivoire is one of the largest producers and exporters of Robusta coffee and cocoa beans in the world market. (300 thousand tons annually.) The consequences of the military coup seriously affected the country's economy: GDP growth rates in 2000 amounted to minus 0.3%, in 2003 - minus 1.9%.Inflation in 2003 - 4.1%.

Agriculture.

Côte d'Ivoire is a country with developed commercial agriculture. The share of agricultural products in GDP is 29% (2001). The area of ​​cultivated land is 9.28%, irrigated - 730 sq. km. (1998). They grow pineapples, bananas, sweet potatoes , cocoa beans, coconuts, coffee, corn, cassava (cassava), millet, rice, sugar cane, sorghum, taro, cotton and yams Livestock (raising cows, goats, sheep, pigs) and poultry farming due to the spread of the fly tsetse is developed only in the northern regions. 65-70 thousand tons of fish are caught annually. Côte d'Ivoire is one of the largest suppliers of timber and timber from their valuable tropical species.

Industry.

The share of industrial production in GDP is 22% (2001). The mining industry is underdeveloped. Diamond mining in 1998 amounted to 15 thousand carats, gold - 3.4 tons. The manufacturing industry accounts for approx. 13% of GDP (enterprises for the processing of agricultural products (including the production of palm oil and rubber), wood and metal processing plants, shoe and textile factories, as well as chemical industry enterprises). In con. In the 1990s, Côte d'Ivoire was in fourth place in the world in terms of the development of the cocoa bean processing industry (225 thousand tons annually). Local production of consumer goods is well established.

Energy.

In 2001, 61.9% of electricity was generated at thermal power plants, 38.1% - at hydroelectric power plants (Ayame, on the Belaya Bandama River, in Taabo). Ivory Coast exports electricity to neighboring countries (1.3 billion kW - 2001). Oil is being produced (1027 thousand tons - 1997).

Transport.

The total length of railways is 660 km, roads - 68 thousand km (6 thousand km are paved, most of the roads are laid in the south) - 2002. The main seaports are Abidjan and San Pedro. In 2003 there were 37 airports and runways (7 with hard surface). International airports are located in the cities of Abidjan, Bouake and Yamoussoukro.

International trade.

Côte d'Ivoire is one of the few countries in Africa whose foreign trade balance is dominated by exports. In 2003, exports amounted to 5.29 billion US dollars, and imports - 2.78 million US dollars. Main export commodities: coffee , cocoa beans, petroleum, construction timber and timber, cotton, bananas, palm oil, fish Main export partners: France (13.7%), Netherlands (12.2%), USA (7.2%), Germany (5.3%), Mali (4.4%), Belgium (4.2%), Spain (4.1%) - 2002. Main import commodities - oil products, equipment, food. Main import partners: France (22.4%), Nigeria (16.3%), China (7.8%) and Italy (4.1%) - 2002.

Finance and credit.

The monetary unit is the CFA franc, which is divided into 100 centimes. In December 2003, the national currency rate was: 1 USD. US = 581.2 CFA francs.
administrative device.

The country is divided into 18 regions, which consist of 57 departments.

political organizations.

A multi-party system has developed: in 2000 there were 90 political parties and associations. The most influential of them are: the Ivorian Popular Front, FPI (Front populaire ivoirien, FPI). ruling party. Founded in 1983 in France, legalized in 1990. Chairman - N "Gessan Affi (Affi N" Gessan), Secretary General - Ureto Sylvain Miaka Oureto; Democratic Party of Côte d "Ivoire, PDCI (Parti démocratigue de la Côte d" Ivoire, PDCI). The party was founded in 1946 as a local section of the Democratic Rally of Africa (DOA). Leader - Bedier Henri Konan (Henri Konan Bedié); Ivorian Workers' Party, IPT (Parti ivoirien des travailleurs, PIT). Party of Social Democrats, became legal in 1990. General Secretary - Francis Vodier (Srancis Wodié); Association of Republicans, OR (Rassemblement des républicais). The party was founded in 1994 as a result of the split of the DPKI. Influential in the northern Muslim regions. Leader - Alassane Dramme Ouattara Ouattara, General Secretary - Henriette Dagba Diabaté; Union for Democracy and Peace of Côte d "Ivoire, UDPCI (Union pour la democratie et pour la paix de la Côte d" Ivoire, UDPCI). Founded in 2001 as a result of the split of the DPKI. Leader - Akoto Yao Paul (Paul Akoto Yao).

P union associations.

General Union of Workers of Côte d "Ivoire (Union générale des travailleurs de Côte d" Ivoire, UGTCI). Founded in 1962, it has 100,000 members. The General Secretary is Adiko Niamkey.

Religions.

55% of the indigenous population adhere to traditional beliefs and cults (animalism, fetishism, the cult of ancestors and forces of nature, etc.), 25% are Muslims (mostly Sunnis), 20% of the population profess Christianity (Catholics - 85%, Protestants - 15%) - 1999. (The number of Muslims is much larger, since they are the majority among illegal foreign workers. Muslims live mainly in the northern regions of the country). There are several Afro-Christian churches. The spread of Christianity began in con. 19th century

Education.

Compulsory primary education (6 years), which children receive from the age of six. Secondary education (7 years) begins at the age of 12 and takes place in two cycles. In the 1970s, the television teaching method was widespread in elementary and partially secondary schools. A network of educational institutions providing vocational education has been established. The higher education system includes three universities and eight colleges. In 2000, 45,000 students studied and 990 teachers worked at twelve faculties and departments of the National University in Abidjan (founded in 1964). Training is conducted in French. Education in state educational institutions is free. In 2004, 42.48% of the population were literate (40.27% of men and 44.76% of women).

Healthcare.

Tropical diseases are common - bilharzia, yellow fever, malaria, "sleeping sickness", schistosomiasis, etc. A serious disease called "river blindness" is widespread in the river valleys. There is one of the highest rates of leprosy (leprosy) in West Africa. The problem of AIDS is acute. In 1988, 250 people died from it, in 2001 - 75 thousand people, there were 770 thousand HIV-infected. In the middle In the 1990s, national radio began broadcasting a special outreach program, Talking Drum, about AIDS. In con. In the 1980s, the United States opened a research center in Abidjan to study and control this disease.

Press, radio broadcasting, television and the Internet.

Published in French: the daily newspapers Ivoire-soir (Ivoir-soir - Ivoire Evening) and Voie (La Voie - The Way, the INF press organ), the weekly newspapers Linen (Le Bélier - " Aries"), "Democrat" (Le Démocrate - "Democrat", printed organ of the DPKI), "Nouvelle Orizon" (Le Nouvel horizon - "New Horizon", printed organ of the INF) and "Jeune Democrat" (Le Jeune démocrate - "Young democrat"), the weekly Abidjan Set Jour (Abidjan 7 jours - "Abidjan in a week"), the monthly newspaper Alif (Alif - Alif), covering the problems of Islam, the monthly magazine Eburnea (Eburnéa), etc. The government news agency is the Ivorian Press Agency, AIP (Agence ivoirienne de presse, AIP). Established in 1961. The government service Ivorian Broadcasting and Television was founded in 1963. AIP and the service are located in Abidjan. 9 thousand Internet users (2002).

Tourism.

The country has a whole range of necessary conditions for the development of the tourism industry: a favorable climate, a variety of rich flora and fauna, beautiful sandy beaches on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea and the original culture of local peoples. The active development of the tourism industry began with the implementation in 1970 of a special program, calculated until 1980 (22% of investments were foreign investments). Eight tourist zones were identified, on the territory of which more than 170 hotels of various classes were built by the end of the 1980s. In the 1990s, fashionable ultra-modern Golf and Yvoire hotels were built in Abidjan, equipped with golf courses and ice tracks. Until 1997, tourism revenues were approx. $140 million. In 1998, 301,000 foreign tourists visited the country. In 1997, 15 travel agencies successfully operated on the market, many of which were also involved in the organization of business tourism.

Attractions in Abidjan: National Museum (traditional arts and crafts are presented, including a rich collection of masks), Chardy Art Gallery. Other attractions are the Komoe National Park, the famous Gbon Coulibaly Museum in Korkhogo (pottery, blacksmith and wooden crafts), picturesque mountain landscapes in the Man area, the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace (very reminiscent of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome) in Yamoussoukro, a waterfall Mont Tonkui. The Thai National Park (in the southwest) with a large number of endemic plants is included in the category of world heritage by the UN. National cuisine - "atyeke" (a dish made from cassava, with fish or meat sauce), "kejena" (fried chicken with rice and vegetables), "fufu" (balls of dough made from yams, cassava or bananas, which are served to fish or meat with the addition of sauces).

Architecture.

The architectural forms of traditional dwellings are diverse: in the south - rectangular or square wooden houses with a gable roof made of palm leaves; in the central regions, rectangular adobe houses (sometimes rounded corners) under a flat roof, divided into several rooms, are common; in the east - rectangular with flat roofs. roofs, and in other areas the houses are round or oval in plan, the thatched roof has a conical shape. The outer side of adobe houses is often covered with drawings of geometric figures, birds, real and mystical animals, which are painted in yellow, red and black. Fashionable hotels and supermarkets made of reinforced concrete structures and glass have become a sign of modern cities.

Fine Arts and Crafts.


An important place in traditional Ivorian culture is occupied by wooden sculpture, especially masks. The ritual masks of the Senufo people are especially diverse. Among the Dan and Here peoples, there are masks with a movable jaw. The wooden sculpture of the Baule people is considered by art historians to be the best example of African round sculpture of a non-cult nature. In addition to traditional figurines depicting ancestors, animals and various patron spirits, Baule craftsmen make small figurines-toys for children. Clay funerary figurines of the Anyi people are of interest. Artistic folk crafts are well developed: weaving baskets and mats from ropes, straw and reeds, pottery (making household utensils and interior decor items), painting the outside of houses, making jewelry from bronze, gold and copper, as well as weaving. The production of batik is developed - original paintings on fabrics depicting animals or floral ornaments. Batiks of the Senufo people are represented in many museums around the world. Professional fine arts began to develop after independence. Outside the country, the name of the artist Kadzho Zhdeims Khura is well known. In 1983, the National Association of Artists organized the first professional exhibition of Ivorian painters, in which more than 40 artists took part.

Literature.

Modern literature is based on the traditions of oral folk art and develops mainly in French. Its formation is connected with national dramaturgy. The largest of the writers is considered the poet, prose writer and playwright Bernard Dadier. Writers - M. Asamua, E. Decran, S. Dembele, B. Z. Zauru, M. Kone, A. Loba, Sh. Z. Nokan and others. Amadou Kurumy (died in France in December 2003). His first novel, The Sun of Independence (1970), is included in the curricula of many African, American and European universities. The most famous poets are F.Amua, G.Anala, D.Bamba, J.M.Bognini, J.Dodo and B.Z.Zauru.

Music and theatre.

Musical and dance art has a long tradition and is an important part of the culture of the peoples of Côte d'Ivoire. Of musical instruments, balafons, tom-tom drums, guitars, bark (xylophone), rattles, horns, peculiar harps and lutes, rattles, pipes and flutes are common. Choral singing is accompanied by original dances.The ritual dances of the Baule people, the ge-gblin (“people on stilts”) dance of the Dan people, as well as the kinyon-pli (harvest dance) are interesting.In the 1970-1980s, the National Folk Dance Ballet Company and the group “Gyula.” At the All-African Music Festival, held in 2000 in Sun City (South Africa), one of the awards was received by the famous Ivorian musician Vanamh.

The development of theatrical art began with the creation of amateur school groups in the 1930s. In 1938, the so-called Indigenous Theater was created in Abidjan. After gaining independence, a professional theater school was established at the National Institute of Arts, in which actors from France taught. Plays by French and Ivorian authors were staged. The play “Tunyantigi” (“Speaking the Truth”) by the local writer A. Kuruma was popular. In the 1980s, the Koteba theater troupe was especially popular.

Cinema.

Developed since the 1960s. The first film, On the Dunes of Solitude, was directed by T. Basori in 1963. In 1974, the Association of Professional Filmmakers was established. In 1993, the Ivorian director Adama Ruamba made the film In the Name of Christ. In 2001, the film Adanggaman by the famous Ivorian director Roger Gnoan M "Bala (about the problems of slavery) and the film Skins from the Bronx (about life in Abidjan) by the French director Eliard Delatour, who lives in Côte d" Ivoire, was released.

Story.

pre-colonial period.

The modern territory of Côte d'Ivoire was inhabited by pygmies as early as the beginning of the Stone Age. From the 1st millennium AD, other peoples began to penetrate from the west with several migration flows. The first settlers were the Senufo, who gradually began to join agriculture. The settlement process , which lasted for several centuries almost until the beginning of the colonial conquest, was largely associated with the slave trade in the coastal regions of the Gold Coast (modern Ghana), from which local residents fled.

colonial period.

Europeans (Portuguese, British, Danes and Dutch) landed on the coast of present-day Ivory Coast at the end of the 15th century. French missionaries began colonization in 1637. Economic development began in the 1840s: French colonists mined gold, harvested and exported tropical On March 10, 1893, the Ivory Coast was officially declared a colony of France, and included in French West Africa (FZA) in 1895. The local population actively resisted the colonialists (anya uprisings in 1894-1895, Guro in 1912 -1913, etc.). It intensified during the First World War in connection with forced recruitment into the French army. In the interwar period, the colony became a major producer of coffee, cocoa beans and tropical timber. In 1934, Abidjan became its administrative center. The first batch of African population - the Democratic Party of the Ivory Coast (DP BSK) - created in 1945 on the basis of unions of local farmers, it became the territorial section of the DOA (Democratic Unification of Africa), the general political organization of the FWA, headed by the African planter Felix Houphouet-Boigny. Under the influence of the national liberation movement, in 1957 France granted the BSC the right to create a territorial legislative assembly (parliament). In 1957 BSK received the status of an autonomous republic. After the elections to the legislative assembly (April 1959), a government was formed headed by F. Houphouet-Boigny.

Period of independent development.

Independence was proclaimed on August 7, 1960. F. Houphouet-Boigny became President of the Republic of the Ivory Coast (BCC). The policy of economic liberalism was proclaimed, which was based on
inviolability of private property. DP BSK became the sole and ruling party. In the 1960s-1980s, a distinctive feature of the country's development was the high rate of economic growth (mainly due to the export of coffee and cocoa beans): in 1960-1970, GDP growth was 11%, in 1970-1980 - 6-7%. Per capita income in 1975 - 500 US dollars (in 1960 - 150 US dollars). In the 1980s, an economic recession began due to falling world prices for coffee and cocoa beans. F. Houphouet-Boigny remained the permanent president. In October 1985, the country received the name "Republic of Côte d'Ivoire", DP BSK was renamed DPKI - "Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire". Under pressure from the public movement for democratic freedoms, a multi-party system was introduced in May 1990. F. Houphouet-Boigny won the 1990 presidential election. The main direction of economic policy in the 1990s was the expansion of privatization (more than 50 companies were privatized in 1994-1998). After the death of F. Houphouet-Boigny (1993), his successor Henri Conan Bedier (elected in 1995) became president. Until 1994, the economy was in a state of decline due to the collapse in world prices for coffee and cocoa beans, the rise in oil prices, the severe drought of 1982-1983, the ill-considered spending of foreign loans by the government, as well as cases of their outright plunder. The government began to pursue a policy of encouraging foreign investment in the economy. In October 1995, the country hosted the Invest in Ivory Coast forum, in which Russian companies participated among 350 foreign companies. In 1996, the Mountain Forum was held. GDP growth in 1998 was about 6% (1994 - 2.1%), inflation rate in 1996-1997 - 3% (1994 - 32%).
A characteristic feature of the country's development in 1960-1999 was political stability. In the middle In the 1990s, more than 50 political parties were active. An amendment to the constitution (Article 35 - giving the right to be elected to public authorities only to persons with Ivorian citizenship by birth, due to marriage or naturalization) did not allow the candidacy of Allasan Ouattara (a Burkinian by origin) to be nominated for the presidency. He was nominated by the United Republicans (OR) party and was a serious competitor to A. Conan Bedier, the only candidate in the upcoming presidential elections of 2000. Thousands of demonstrations organized by the opposition in September 1998 to protest against the discriminatory article of the constitution were accompanied by clashes with the police. Political tension intensified in October 1999 - mass demonstrations in support of AD Ouattara took place in the capital and other cities, arrests of opposition activists began. They were supported by the soldiers, dissatisfied with the delay in paying their salaries. The authorities underestimated the seriousness of the situation. The speech of the military was led by retired General Robert Gay. The rebels took control of all the key services of the capital. It was announced the suspension of the constitution, the removal of the incumbent president, the dissolution of the government and parliament. Power passed to the National Committee of Public Safety (NCOS), headed by R. Gay. The situation in the country was soon normalized. In January 2000, a transitional government was formed, in which General R. Gay took over as president of the republic and minister of defense.

In July 2000, it was approved by referendum and a new constitution was adopted (its 35th article remained unchanged). Presidential elections were held on October 22, 2000. The leader of the opposition "Association of the Republicans" A. Ouattara again could not stand as a candidate because of the discriminatory article of the constitution. The victory was won by the representative of the Ivorian Popular Front (FNP) Laurent Gbagbo (60% of the vote). The military regime was abolished. Parliamentary elections were held from December 10, 2000 to January 14, 2001. The INF received 96 mandates, the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire - 94, independent candidates - 22. On September 19, 2002, a military mutiny was raised in the cities of Abidjan, Bouake and Korhogo: 750 military personnel stormed government offices and residences of government members. In fact, it was an attempted coup d'etat, since President L. Gbagbo was at that time on an official visit to Italy. With the help of the army units of the ECOWAS member countries, the rebellion in Abidjan was suppressed. However, the rebel groups managed to take control of all the northern, as well as part of the central and western regions. In some areas, clashes began on ethnic and confessional grounds. Armed groups from Liberia and Sierra Leone came out on the side of the rebels, which aggravated interstate relations between Côte d "Ivoire with these countries.

In March 2003, a coalition government of national reconciliation was formed, which also included representatives of the opposition (since January 2003, the rebels began to call themselves the New Force). The official end of the civil war was declared in July 2003, but the country remained divided into two parts: the government-controlled south and the opposition-controlled north. At the end of February 2004, to help the government resolve the conflict, the UN Security Council sent a unit of 6240 people to Côte d'Ivoire. Regular meetings of the coalition government took place until March 2004. The opposition ministers announced their boycott after the security forces dispersed the demonstrations organized by " New force "(there were casualties). Armed rebels in July 2004 continued to completely control the northern part of the country. In the same month, the parliament discussed a number of problems that the opposition demanded to solve, in particular the issue of land ownership in the northern regions. The President promised after the unification of the country hold a referendum on the issue of nationality At the summit of 13 African countries held in Accra (Ghana) in late July and early August 2004, an agreement was reached between the government of Côte d'Ivoire and the rebels to resolve the internal conflict. The New Force has pledged to begin disarmament after October 15, 2004, the completion date for the political reforms agreed to in January 2003. But the issues that sparked the civil war, such as land reform and citizenship issues, remain unresolved.
On October 31 and November 28, 2010, the first presidential elections since 2000 were finally held in Côte d'Ivoire, which were postponed for almost a decade due to the civil war. A total of 14 candidates took part in the elections. None of the candidates managed to gain an absolute majority of votes, and by law, the two candidates with the most votes advanced to the second round.

The incumbent President Laurent Gbagbo, who won a little more than 38% of the vote and enjoys the support of the South of the country, and the leader of the opposition, former Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara, who enjoys the support of the population of the northern part of the country and won about 33% of the vote, went to the second round.
On December 2, 2010, preliminary voting results were announced, according to which A. Ouattara won 54% of the vote. But immediately the constitutional council called these results invalid. On December 3, Laurent Gbagbo was declared the winner. Alassane Ouattara also declared himself victorious and also took the presidential oath. The United States, France, the UN, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African Countries (ECOWAS), the European Union supported Ouattara. In response, Gbabgo ordered UN peacekeeping troops to leave the country. However, the UN Security Council extended the mandate of the peacekeeping mission in Côte d'Ivoire until June 30, 2011. The World Bank stopped lending to the country.

The situation of political crisis in the country was accompanied by riots, borders were closed, broadcasting of foreign satellite TV channels was stopped. The number of refugees in neighboring Liberia has increased (according to the UN, by mid-February 2010 their number was 50 thousand people, and by April 2011 it will exceed 100 thousand people). Against the backdrop of political instability, the epidemiological situation in the country also aggravated - outbreaks of yellow fever, malaria and a cholera outbreak were recorded in the municipality of Abidjan.

The small state in the western part of Africa has long been known to the world as the Land of Slaves, the Land of Corn and the site of the Golden Quays. The material will introduce the country, whose name translates as the Ivory Coast. Tourists are interested in what kind of people live in this country, what nature is there, what capital. Thousands of guests come to Cote d'Ivoire every year for the sake of this attraction. The thing is that this city was built by the French, and the local architecture is very close to architecture, but at the same time has its own zest.

coffee country

The territories of the modern republic began to be settled at the beginning of the Stone Age. The first inhabitants were pygmies. But they led a nomadic lifestyle. Therefore, soon other tribes came to these lands, those that still live in the state. With the development of colonial conquest, the migration of peoples stopped.

From the end of the 15th century, Europe exported gold, timber and coffee beans from these parts. 1893 the land was declared

Tribes constantly fought for independence. The maximum uprisings occurred during recruitment in the army in connection with the First World War.

In 1934, the capital of Côte d'Ivoire was proclaimed. Abidjan became it. Soon, in 1945, the first party was founded, which until then was a union of local farmers. Felix Houphouet-Boigny created and led the organization.

In 1957, the country received the status of autonomy. And August 7, 1960 became an independent state. The leader of the aforementioned party was elected president. By 1979, the state had grown economically. It ranked first in the export of coffee beans. The following years were characterized by drought. This led to a decline in development.

City of cut leaves

Abidjan is the first official capital. Côte d'Ivoire is a unique land where each settlement has its own legend. This city was no exception. The myth says that when the first European military men intended to build a port on these shores and got off the ships, they met the local population. Peasants carried baskets with cut leaves and branches on their heads.

One of the men asked the Africans about the name of this village. But the poor did not understand French, in which people from distant lands addressed them. Moreover, they perceived unknown words as a threat. One man thought that the visitors were dissatisfied with their work. Then the daredevil called out to them in response: "Abidjan", which meant "these are cut branches." The Europeans marked the place on the map.

The temporary capital has a long history. Ivory Coast is an old country, but it began to grow only at the end of the 19th century. Abidjan was founded in 1896 by French settlers. It is located on the coast and consists of four peninsulas within the Ebriye lagoon.

The unspoken center

The population of the city, whose name still sounds like “cut leaves” in the Ebriye dialect, is about 4 million people (and another million, taking into account the suburbs). Almost everyone speaks French, which is why the city is called African Paris. This is the second point in the world in terms of the number of French-speaking people (the championship belongs to the city of the Eiffel Tower).

Despite the fact that the new capital of Côte d'Ivoire is Yamoussoukro, Abidjan retains its leadership position. It is the center of political life. This is the permanent place of work of the president and ministers.

Construction is actively developing here, so another unofficial name is New York of Africa. This is the territory of museums, stadiums and theaters. It has an airport and two ports.

Abidjan is also a city of football players, more than twenty of whom were finalists

Birthplace of the head of state

President Felix Houphouet-Boigny has done a lot for his country. It was under him that the republic prospered and developed. In 1983, a new capital was formed. Ivory Coast was headed by Yamoussoukro. This city is the birthplace of the first ruler. This is the reason for the transfer of the center of the state.

The settlement dates back to the end of the 19th century. It was founded by the French colonizers. It was the first center of Ivory Coast until 1934, when Abidjan took its place.

The area is located two hundred kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean. The latter fact was the reason for the long road to economic recovery. The fact is that the Europeans preferred to invest in points that lie on the coastal zone. This is how Abidjan grew. That is why the current capital of the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire remained invisible for a long time.

The new history of the city began after the declaration of independence. With the reforms of Felix Houphouet-Boigny, the Ivory Coast began to rise.

provincial capital

There is an airport in the center of the country (only three cities accept planes). Outside of it, agriculture is actively developing. Yams, bananas, cocoa beans are actively grown. Animal husbandry is represented by goats and sheep. Although most industrial facilities are concentrated in Abidjan, Yamoussoukro has food and wood processing companies on its territory.

Despite the fact that the center was moved, the seat of the central government and foreign ministries remained in Abidjan. Because of this, few foreigners knew that Yamoussoukro was the capital. Côte d'Ivoire developed excellently and rapidly, and in 1960-1980 huge funds began to be invested in the city. But already in the 80s, a noticeable crisis began. Lower prices for export goods had a negative impact on development.

General information

The climate in the country varies from tropical to equatorial. The whole year is characterized by high humidity and significant precipitation. Most of the rain falls in April-July and October-November. Average temperature indicators +30.

In 2010, the population of the city was almost 250,000. Most (more than 60%) are from the Bakongo and Bate-ke tribes. Despite the fact that the official language is French, many people communicate in their native dialect.

The capital does not have any high-quality higher educational institutions. Côte d'Ivoire today has a big problem with the education system. The center of student life is Abidjan. Every teenager dreams of going to study abroad.

According to the religious composition, more than 50% are Christians, although in the whole country almost 40% profess Islam. Such a number of Muslims is due to the fact that a large proportion of them are illegal immigrants and foreign workers.

Heart of the capital

Now tourism is actively developing. Golden beaches and exotic lands are attracting more and more travelers. Not only the nature of the country is unique, but also its architecture. Proponents of such art can look at the national clay houses covered with palm leaves, or give preference to modern creations.

The pride of Yamoussoukro is the Church of Notre Dame de la Paix. Anyone who likes religious architecture knows where to go. They are aware of what kind of country it is, what capital it is. Côte d'Ivoire has long called the building its business card. It was built on the model of St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome. The height is 158 meters. The number of parishioners that the church can accommodate is 11,000. It was decorated with marble from Italy and French colored glass.