History of the Crimea. Presentation "journey through the Crimea" Kamysh-Burun iron ore plant

Travel across Crimea

Teacher: Volobueva N.Yu.

Crimean nature

• - Crimea is a peninsula. In its outlines, it resembles a flying bird.
• - Crimea is washed by the waters of the Black and Azov Seas and could be an island, but the Perekop Isthmus connects it to the mainland.
• - Crimea is one of the best places for recreation. Thousands of people come to Crimea to relax and admire its nature, its beautiful sights. The nature of Crimea is very beautiful and unique. There is:

Roman-Kosh- the highest mountain in the Crimea, 1545 meters

The legend says that the keeper of all Crimean springs and springs lives here - a deer with silver horns. He makes sure that they do not dry out, so that birds and animals can always drink the purest mountain water, and if the springs suddenly dry up, he rises to the peak of the mountain and with a blow of a hoof causes blessed rain to fall on the ground. If you meet this deer, life will be long and happy, but for this you need to drink water from all the springs and springs of the Crimea.

Demir-Kapu- the second highest point of the Crimean Mountains, 1540 meters.

Zeytin-Kosh- the third highest point of the Crimean Mountains, 1537 meters

Mountains-Cat and Bear

Located in the village of Simeiz

red cave

Location:

Simferopol

Karasnaya Cave (Kizil-Koba) is the largest cave in the Crimea. Literally translated from Turkic, Kizil-Koba means "Red Cave". The name of the cave comes from the fact that it is composed of limestone, which has a characteristic reddish tint. Since 1963, Kizil-Koba has been a natural monument of republican significance.

Waterfall of dead and living water

• The waterfall of dead and living water is located near the Red Cave. The red rock wall is located to the right of the famous waterfall. If you climb the rock 150 meters up, you can see a natural arch and a “shelf”. On it lies a stone, from under which two keys from each other 70 cm hit in different directions.
• Waterfall of living and dead water
• Live on one side and dead on the other. Grass grows on the stone, and it is completely covered with moss on the side where the living water flows. From the side of the dead water there is not a single blade of grass, it is white and completely naked. Dead water with a temperature of plus 6 degrees, and living water - plus 8 degrees.
• In the study of water, it was found that the composition of water is different: living water contains more salts and differs in hardness
• From a medical point of view, it can be explained why algae do not live in dead water - the temperature and chemical composition do not suit them. But why are two completely different sources flowing from under one stone? ..
• They say that they treated wounds and sciatica with the help of this water. As they say in fairy tales, wounds heal from dead water, bleeding stops. Here is such an unusual and mysterious "Waterfall of living and dead water" in the Crimea.

Cities of Crimea

Sevastopol is a hero city.

Yalta

Resort town

Sights of Crimea

bird home

Tower of the Winds

Bringing Down the House

View from the outside

View inside

Monument to the Scuttled Ships

In September 1854, a huge army landed near Evpatoria - the British, French, Turks, Italians. In an unequal battle on the Alma River, the Russians lost, and a real threat loomed over Sevastopol of the enemy fleet breaking through to the inner roadstead. The forces were again unequal: the enemy had steamboats, and we mostly had old wooden sailboats.

At the military council on September 9, 1854, the chief of staff Black Sea Fleet Vice-Admiral V. A. Kornilov urged to go to sea and attack enemy ships with all his might, and if necessary, board and die with glory, blowing himself up along with the enemy armada. “We will always have time to die,” other members of the council objected. Is it possible to use Suvorov's trick?

And then the commander of the Selafail battleship, Captain 1st Rank Zorin, dared to voice an original idea to the command, which had already been discussed on the sidelines: what if some of the old ships were flooded across the entrance to the bay? And the sailors will go ashore to defend Sevastopol on the bastions!

Thank you for your attention!

Since March 21, 2014 The Republic of Crimea became part of our country, and I hope that someday you will definitely visit this wonderful peninsula.

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Slides captions:

Republic of Crimea In a scarlet Varangian shield, a silver griffin facing to the right, trembling in its right paw, an open silver shell with a blue pearl. The shield is surmounted by the rising sun and surrounded by two white columns connected by a blue-white-red ribbon with the motto: "Prosperity in Unity". The griffin, as one of the symbols of ancient Chersonese, on the site of which Sevastopol was erected, has been considered a symbol of a talisman since ancient times and, as such, symbolizes the city, one of the main tasks of which is to protect the borders of the country.

The name Simferopol means in Greek "the city of benefit" (lit. Polzograd). The Crimean Tatar name Aqmescit is translated into Russian as "white mosque" (aq - white, mescit - mosque). The coat of arms tells about the strength and fearlessness of the Russian people in Sevastopol, who built a formidable fortress in the Crimea, twice famous for its valiant defense.

Brief historical outline of the 15th - 8th centuries. BC. - Achilles, the hero of the Trojan War, was born on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus (Kerch Strait). 9th - 8th centuries BC e. - Crimea is inhabited by tribes under the common name "Taurus" of the 6th - 5th centuries. BC e. - the first ancient Greek colonies of the 6th - 12th centuries. AD – ancient cave cities; the most famous - Mangup 988 - the capture of Chersonesos by Prince Vladimir, his adoption of Christianity and the baptism of Rus' 1475 - the capture of the coast by Ottoman Turkey and raids on Moscow and the Zaporozhian Sich 1768 - 1774. - Russian-Turkish war, the proclamation of the Crimean Khanate, independent of Turkey in 1783 - the annexation of the Khanate to Russia 1787 - 1791. Russian-Turkish war, Turkey's recognition of the annexation of Crimea to Russia 1853-1856. Crimean War. Russia fights against England, France and the Kingdom of Sardinia, saving Turkey's influence in the Black Sea 1941-1944 - battles of the Great Patriotic War of 1944 - mass deportation of Crimean Tatars, Bulgarians, Greeks. 1954 - Crimea becomes a region of Ukraine Since 1989 - the return of the deported peoples 2014 - the reunification of Crimea with Russia

Yeni-Kale fortress in Kerch Chufut-Kale Genoese fortress in Sudak

Chersonesus - the place where the Kiev prince Vladimir took the decision

Inkerman cave monastery Assumption cave monastery near Bakhchisaray

Khan's Palace in Bakhchisarai and the Fountain of Tears “The Fountain of Love, the Fountain of Life! I brought you two roses as a gift. I love your silent voice And poetic tears. A.S. Pushkin

By decree of Catherine II of February 10, 1784, the new city was named Sevastopol. By the same Decree, Prince G.A. Potemkin was ordered to build a large fortress in the Akhtiar harbor with an admiralty for ships of the first rank, as well as a port and a military settlement. At that time, there were already 26 ships in the bay with 4 thousand sailors and officers

Crimean War. The first defense of Sevastopol. Monument to the Scuttled Ships

Vorontsov Palace in Alupka Palace in Livadia - the property of the Romanov imperial family 3. The courtyard in the Livadia Palace Crimea has become a favorite vacation spot for the imperial family

Palace of Alexander III in Massandra 2. Kichkine Palace of Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich 3. Swallow's Nest on Cape Ai-Todor

Sapun mountain, Sevastopol Adzhimushkay quarries Monument in Feodosia Great Patriotic War Second defense of Sevastopol

Forest midlands Forest-shibliak Mediterranean Forest-steppe foothills Kerch steppe hills Plain-steppe Crimea Nature of Crimea

Ai-Petrinskaya Yayla 2. Ai-Petri, 1234 m 3. Roman-Kosh, 1545 m

Ayu-Dag (Bear Mountains) Kara-Dag - an extinct volcano Demerdzhi (Valley of Ghosts)

Massif of Chatyr-Dag In the Marble Cave Entrance to the Red Cave

Great Crimean Canyon Dolgorukovskaya yayla in spring Wuchang-su waterfall

Crimean economy Cultivation of essential oil crops 2. Grape production 3. Peach cultivation

Energy Wind, solar and thermal power plants Mining industry Oil, gas Chemical industry (Krasnoperekopsk, Armyansk, Saki) Based on salt reserves in large salt lakes Ferrous metallurgy (Kamysh-Burun, Kerch) Shipbuilding (Kerch, Feodosia, Sevastopol) Instrumentation (Simferopol, Sevastopol) Winemaking (Massandra, Koktebel, Novy Svet, Yalta, Balaklava, Inkerman, Solnechnaya Dolina)

recreational economy

Museum of I. Aivazovsky in Feodosia Museum of A. Green in Feodosia Knightly tournament in the Sudak fortress

For little tourists Glade of fairy tales

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

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Pedagogical workshop of teachers of world artistic culture of educational institutions of the Republic of Crimea.

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SIGHTS OF CRIMEA Crimea has a huge number of sights. Even a month is not enough to examine everything carefully. Crimea (25 thousand km2) is slightly smaller than Belgium, Albania or Haiti, but larger than Israel, Cyprus, Lebanon, Jamaica. The population of Crimea, including Sevastopol, is about 2 million 700 thousand people. The peninsula is distinguished by a variety of natural conditions, a combination of mountains and plains, is favorable for agriculture and has a convenient sea coast. The southern coast of Crimea is called the sub-Mediterranean for the proximity of the main features of its climate, flora and fauna to the Mediterranean coast, the subtropics. The northern, flat part of Crimea has a temperate continental climate. The economy of the peninsula is known for mechanical engineering and production of devices, orchards and vineyards, as well as essential oil crops, where Crimea simply has no equal. The food industry of the peninsula is of export importance. Dozens of rural canning shops maintain the honor of the Crimean brand. Well, the finest Crimean muscats are the best in the world, wines of other brands also meet the most demanding taste. THE SOUTHERN COAST OF CRIMEA PALACE-CASTLE "SWALLOW'S NEST" One of the world-famous symbols of Crimea was built in 1912 on a sheer forty-meter Aurora rock on Cape Ai-Todor near Yalta. Currently, work is underway to strengthen the rock on which the castle stands, because. under the weight of the structure, the rock is gradually destroyed. VORONTSOV PALACE The palace and the adjacent park form a single ensemble located in Alupka at the foot of the picturesque mountain Ai-Petri. The construction of the palace was completed in 1848, and Vorontsovsky Park was equipped for 25 years to become a model of garden art. Today, the palace houses a museum; the interiors have almost completely preserved their original appearance. MASSANDROVSKY PALACE Massandra Palace of Emperor Alexander III. Now it is a palace museum - a branch of the Alupka Palace and Park Museum-Reserve LIVADIA PALACE The Livadia Palace is the pearl of the Southern coast of Crimea. the last building erected in the Russian Empire for the Romanov family. DULBER PALACE Dulber (beautiful) palace built in Koreiz for Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich Romanov in 1895–1897. is an asymmetric two-four-story building with more than a hundred rooms. Architect Nikolai Krasnov YUSUPOV PALACE The Yusupov Palace in Koreiz, near Yalta, is a magnificent neo-Romanesque building. It was built by the famous Yalta architect Nikolai Krasnov for Prince Felix Yusupov MOUNTAIN AYU-DAG  (Bear Mountain). The shape of the mountain is characteristic of all laccoliths - the so-called "failed volcanoes". The time of formation is about 150 million years ago. The mountain consists of hard igneous rocks "gabbro-diabase". The mountain is called the natural mineralogical museum of the Southshore. The height of the "Medvedgora" is small - 577 m above sea level, the area is 5.4 square meters. km. The mountain protrudes into the sea for more than two kilometers and ends with capes "Monastyrsky", "Akustani" and "Mussert". MOUNTAIN Ai-Petri Mount Ai-Petri is a peak in the Crimean mountains, part of the Ai-Petri plateau. It is located above the city of Alupka and the village of Koreiz. The height of Mount Ai-Petri is 1234 m. THE GLADE OF FAIRY TALES The Glade of Fairy Tales is an unusual museum in Yalta. The Glade of Fairy Tales was founded in 1960 by a craftsman Pavel Pavlovich Bezrukov. More than 300 sculptures that make up the museum's exposition were created by professional sculptors and craftsmen WESTERN COAST OF THE CRIMEA Evpatoria is one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe: a lot of sightseeing objects, ranging from antiquity to unique space objects and modern centers for children and youth creativity. Aquapark KALOS LIMENE (BEAUTY HARBOR) Antique settlement. This is one of the most valuable monuments of ancient Greek and Scythian culture, which were mentioned by many ancient and medieval authors: Herodotus, Strabo, Flavius ​​Arrian and others. KARA-TOBE KaraTobe settlement is located in western Crimea , on the outskirts of the modern city of Saki. There was once a flourishing Greek settlement here, probably founded in the 4th century BC. BC e. According to some scholars, it was called Yevpatorion. UNDERWATER MUSEUM-ALLEY OF LEADERS To date, the underwater museum "Alley of Leaders" has more than 50 different exhibits Vladimir Borumensky, an amateur diver from Donetsk, laid the foundations of this original museum. Through his efforts, in 1992, the first "inhabitants" of the Tarkhankut underwater kingdom appeared - busts of Lenin, Karl Marx and Klim Voroshilov. Borumelsky said that he planned to place Mao Zedong, Mussolini and Napoleon next to these comrades. Gradually, enthusiastic divers from other cities began to supplement the collection of the museum. KERCHENSKY DISTRICT OF CRIMEA 4 different marine areas: the Black Sea, the Kerch Strait, Azov, Sivash and a dozen healing lakes   the exposition of the Tsarsky Kurgan;  excavations on Mount Mithridates, where the capital used to be - Panticapaeum; Church of John the Baptist (VIII century) - one of the most ancient in Eastern Europe;  Turkish fortress Yeni-Kale (New Fortress) - 18th century. MOUNT MITRIDATES The height of Mount Mithridates is 92 meters. The mountain is named after the Pontic king Mithridates VI Eupator (132-63 BC), a descendant of Alexander the Great. Excavations have been carried out on this mountain for many years. Due to this, the remains of the buildings of Panticapaeum were discovered here - which was the capital of the famous Bosporus, the largest craft and trade center of the Northern Black Sea region in ancient times. TSAR MOUND is the tomb of one of the Bosporan kings. Inside the hill there are stone crypts, mute witnesses of the former glory of the city of Panticapaeum. The royal mound is a rare example of ancient architecture, which was supposedly built in the second half of the 4th century BC. TEMPLE OF JOHN THE BAPTIST is an architectural monument of the early medieval Byzantine architecture of the VIII-X centuries. Perhaps the only building that has survived from the heyday of the Tmutarakan principality (X-XI centuries). It is considered one of the oldest temples in the CIS. YENI-KALE Yeni-Kale is a Turkish fortress built approximately in 1699-1706. It occupied an important strategic position due to its location in the narrowest part of the Kerch Strait, where its width is only 4 km and thus controlled the passage of ships between the Black and Azov Seas. In addition, the Yeni-Kale fortress served as the residence of the Turkish pasha. At the moment, an operating railway passes through the territory of the fortress, leading from Kerch to the Kerch ferry crossing (Crimea-Caucasus). EASTERN CRIMEA Sudak;  Marine (V. Tsoi), Merry;  New World (champagne factory, Museum, tasting room);  Kopsel, Meganom, Sun Valley;  Feodosia, Golden Beach, Coastal, Primorsky;  Karadag, Koktebel and Ordzhonikidze.  GENOEZ FORTRESS According to the legend recorded in the late source “Sudak Synaxar”, the fortress was built in 212 by the Alans, but no archaeological evidence of this date has been found to this day. In this regard, many scientists date its construction to the end of the 7th century and associate it with the Khazars or the Byzantines. The fortress, in addition to the Khazars, Byzantines and Genoese, was also owned by the Polovtsy (XI-XIII centuries), the Golden Horde (XIII-XIV centuries) and the Turks (XV-XVIII centuries). ASANDRA FORTRESS  The ruins of an ancient fortress of the second half of the 1st century BC rise above the cliff of the Kutlak bay. until the beginning of the 1st century AD. The fortress was built by the king Asandra, and was the extreme western defensive point of the Bosporan kingdom. GOLITSINSKAYA TRAIL The mountain path carved on the slope of Koba-Kaya is located to the south-west of Novyi Svet village. It was built in 1912 for the arrival of Tsar Nicholas II on the orders of Prince Golitsyn Lev Sergeevich. CAPE CHAMELEON Depending on the lighting, it changes its color. Throughout the day, the Chameleon is ocher-yellow, and purple, and greenish, and blue, and crimson, and pink. They are explained by the fact that the Chameleon almost entirely consists of clay slates. ALEXANDER GREEN MUSEUM An old sailing ship in the center of Feodosia keeps the secrets of the famous writer. FOOTHILLANT CRIMEA Cave towns and monasteries, ruins of ancient temples and active monasteries, modern places of worship, caves, waterfalls, natural monuments:  Bakhchisaray;  ancient spring Tash-Air;  cave towns of Bakla and Mangur; Red caves and caves of the Chatyrdag plateau: Marble, Emine-bair-khosar and others;  Karabi-yayla;  Old Crimea. KHAN'S PALACE IN BAKHCHISARAY The former residence of the Crimean khans has preserved a lot of evidence of the history of those times. The Bakhchisarai Palace presents utensils, weapons, costumes, art objects from the times of the Crimean Khanate. On the territory of the complex is the famous fountain of Bakhchisaray, which inspired Pushkin to write the poem of the same name. TASH-AIR On the territory of the Kachinsky canyon, near Bakhchisaray, there is an amazing place - a rocky canopy, or rather a grotto - Tash-Air, which literally means "stone separated" in Turkic. This place is remarkable for its ancient rock paintings. People have lived in this grotto since the third millennium BC and left behind a real art gallery - about ten square meters of rock paintings of various subjects. WATERFALL SILVER JETS Located at an altitude of about 900 m above sea level. It is considered one of the most full-flowing waterfalls of the Crimean peninsula. a large overhanging cap of moss, silver trickles of water flowing from it and a grotto hiding in the dark. WATERFALL OVER THE ENTRANCE TO THE RED CAVE MARBLE CAVE LOCATION: SIMFEROPOL IS ON THE PLATEAU OF THE CHATYR-DAG MOUNTAIN MASSIF IN THE CRIMEA. THE MARBLE CAVE WAS DISCOVERED IN 1987. THE ENTRANCE TO IT IS AT A HEIGHT OF 920 M ABOVE SEA LEVEL EMINE-BAIR-KHOSHAR CAVE It is located on ChatyrDag. in one of the halls of the cave there is a huge amount of animal bones from the Ice Age. Currently, a unique underground paleozoological museum is being prepared for the opening of the bones of a mammoth, cave lion, woolly rhinoceros, cave bear, etc., found in the cave. CAVE EMINE-BAIR-KHOSAR CAVE CITIES OF CRIMEA. BAKLA (TRANSLATED AS BEANS, BEANS) THE CITY IS FOUNDED IN THE 4th-5th CENTURIES LOCATED ON THE VERY BORDER OF MOUNTAINS AND STEPPES, DIFFERENT FROM OTHER CAVE CITIES BY AN ABUNDANCE OF PIT FOR GRAIN STORAGE CUT DIRECTLY IN THE ROCK. Mangup-Kale is the largest medieval city in this part of the peninsula. ESKI-KERMEN The fortress was founded at the beginning of the 6th century. The main function of the fortress is to protect the approaches to Chersonese. It was a large trade and craft center, which at that time had very good defensive structures CHUFUT-KALE. Until the 13th century, the Alans lived in the fortress, in 1299 the city was captured by the Mongol-Tatars and was named Kyrk-Or "forty fortresses", and later became known as Chufut-Kale "Jewish fortress". This is due to the fact that the predominant part of the population of the city were the Karaites, a special ethnic and religious group of followers of the Pentateuch of Moses - the Old Testament Bible. In 1854, the last inhabitants left ChufutKale. TEPE - KERMEN IN TRANSLATION MEANS "THE FORTRESS ON THE TOP". One of the least explored "cave cities". Archaeological research conducted here in the late 60s and early 70s. 20th century found out that the settlement existed from the 6th to the end of the 13th - mid-14th centuries. However, the vast majority of cultural layers date back to after the 10th century, and dense buildings appear only in the 12th-13th centuries. KARABI YAYLA Karabi-yayla is a mountain range (yayla) as part of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains, the easternmost of the large yayla of Crimea. The average height of the massif is about 1000 m above sea level. The upper plateau of Karabi-yayly is the Kara-Tau ridge, the highest point of which is Mount Tai-Koba (1262 m). Translated from the Crimean Tatar “spring-summer pasture, a place of unexpected disasters”, this characteristic was given to this plateau by shepherds grazing flocks of sheep due to sudden changes in weather conditions TOURISM IN CRIMEA  Beach tourism;  Cognitive  Bicycle tourism; and autotourism;  Diving;  Extreme tourism; THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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Dzhankoy district (Ukr. Dzhankoy district, Crimean Tatar. Canköy rayonı, Dzhankoy districts) is one of the 14 districts of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. It is located in the steppe Crimea, in the Sivash region in the north of the republic. The relief is flat, most of the region is occupied by plowed steppe. The city of Dzhankoy, which is the center of the district, is not part of it itself. The North Crimean Canal passes through the territory of the Dzhankoy region - the main water artery of the northern Crimea, supplying the republic with water from the Dnieper. Dzhankoy

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Krasnoperekopsk

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SEVASTOPOL

Sevastopol is a resort city on the Black Sea coast of Crimea, in Ukraine, a hero city. Population - 379,200 people, area - 1079 sq. km. Founded in 1783 after the conquest of the Crimea by the Russian Empire as a fortress and, subsequently, a port. Sevastopol today is the largest non-freezing sea trading and fishing port, industrial, scientific, technical, recreational, cultural and historical center of the Crimea and the South of Ukraine. There are bases of the Russian and Ukrainian navies in Sevastopol. GRAFSKAYA PIER

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BAKHCHISARAY

Several settlements have long existed on the territory of present-day Bakhchisaray. By the time the city was formed in the first half of the 16th century. among them there were three main ones: the fortress city of Kyrk-Yer on a mountain cape (now known as Chufut-Kale), the village of Salachik in the gorge at the foot of Kyrk-Yer and the village of Eski-Yurt at the exit from the valley. Since the time of the Golden Horde, administrative centers have existed in Salachik and Kyrk-Yer. At the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries, Khan Mengli I Gerai launched urban construction in Salachik, planning to turn it into a major metropolitan center.

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ALUPKA

This city is located 17 km west of Yalta. It stretches for 4 km along the sea. Its palaces, villas, healing places face the gentle sea. And from the northern winds, they are reliably closed by the gigantic wall of the Ai-Petri plateau. Air humidity does not exceed 70%, the number of sunny days per year reaches 246. There are 14 sanatoriums here. For 200 years, the most serious illnesses - bone tuberculosis and lung diseases have been healed here.

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