Presentation "Homer "Odyssey" presentation for a lesson in literature (grade 6) on the topic. Homer's Odyssey (grade 5) Presentation on the topic Odyssey's way home
The presentation was used when studying the work in the 6th grade according to the Buneev program "(educational system" School 2100 "). The work contains information about the author, versions of the origin of the work, features of the work.
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Homer "Odyssey" Literature lesson in grade 6 Teacher MKOU secondary school No. 2, Kozelsk, Kaluga region Potapushkina N.V.
I greet you, travelers, strong and brave! Today, by the wide, noisy sea, we will go to Ancient Greece. Oh Gods of Olympus! Send us fair winds. We want to see great Troy, brave heroes, We want to know about the great Odysseus. And the spark of divine thought will not dry up in us. Oh Gods of Olympus! Send us a thirst for discovery.
Life of Homer The time of Homer's life is debatable. Ancient versions cover a period of several centuries. Ancient biographers believed that Homer was born on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor. 7 cities argued for the right to be considered the birthplace of Homer: Smyrna, Chios, Colophon, Pylos, Argos, Ithaca and Athens. The name Homer is not Greek. There are 2 translations of this name - “blind” and “hostage”. The second option emphasized the non-Greek origin of the poet. Biographies indicate that Homer went blind, after which the Muses inspired him to write poems.
Homer is represented as a blind wandering singer-aed. However, coins from Fr. Chios depict Homer with wide open eyes. In the Museum of Naples there is a marble bust of Homer of the 4th century BC. BC e. and also without any trace of blindness. Other ancient images of the sighted poet are also known. Why is it that in our time there is such a widespread opinion about the blind Homer? It turns out that the concept of the “great blind man” originated in Alexandria. Plutarch (ancient Greek writer and historian) says that Alexander did not part with the text of the Iliad in all campaigns and called the poem his greatest treasure. After conquering Egypt, Alexander decided to establish a large city there and name it after himself. They found a suitable place for the city, but Homer himself appeared in a dream to Alexander and read him verses from the Odyssey: On the noisy-wide sea There is an island lying opposite Egypt; It is called by the inhabitants there - Pharos ... The pier is right there, From which large ships go out into the sea, Stocked with dark water. Alexander immediately went to Pharos and saw an area surprisingly suitable for building a large city - with a river and a harbor. In the winter of 332-331. BC e. Alexandria was founded. Naturally, the temple of Homer was erected in the center of the city, and the poet himself was deified. To numerous philosophers of Alexandria, the old images of Homer seemed to be ... not interesting enough. God-poet, in their opinion, should not look like an ordinary mortal. The image of the blind founder of world literature turned out to be very attractive. And Homer began to be portrayed as blind.
Poems of Homer Homer wandered around Greece, participated in poetry competitions. According to most scholars, the poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey" were created by Homer in Ionia (Asia Minor) in the VIII century BC. e. The plot of the Iliad and the Odyssey is taken from the Trojan cycle of legends about the campaign against Troy, about the ten-year siege of the city, the victory over the Trojans and the return of the Greeks to their homeland. The Iliad was written in the 9th-8th centuries. BC e. in Ionia and is dedicated to the events of the last year of the Trojan War. It glorifies the military events and exploits of the Achaean heroes - Achilles, Agamemnon, Menelaus, Hector, Diomedes, etc. The main character of the Iliad - Achilles - the son of the sea goddess Thetis and Peleus, king of the city of Phthia in Thessaly - performed many feats near Troy, but in the tenth year of the war he was killed by the arrow of Paris. "Odyssey" tells about the last adventures of one of the heroes of the Trojan War, the king of the island of Ithaca, Odysseus, returning from the walls of the destroyed Ilion to his native Ithaca. Unlike the Iliad, the Odyssey depicts predominantly everyday scenes: household chores, household chores, family customs, hospitality rituals, and so on. It was created somewhat later than the Iliad and contains about 12,100 verses. The Iliad was translated into Russian in 1829 by N. I. Gnedich, and the Odyssey - in 1849 by V. A. Zhukovsky.
Heroes of the Trojan War Menelaus Hector Odysseus Achilles Helena
Truth or fiction? The Trojan War, according to the ancient Greeks, was one of the most significant events in their history. They did not doubt the historical reality of the Trojan War, that the ten-year siege of Troy was a historical fact, only embellished by the poet. Indeed, there is very little fiction in the poem. If you remove the scenes with the participation of the gods, then the story will look authentic. The historical science of modern times saw in Greek myths only legends and fairy tales. Historians of the 18th-19th centuries were convinced that there was no Greek campaign against Troy. The only European who believed the epic was Heinrich Schliemann. In 1871, he began excavations of the Hissarlik hill in the northwestern part of Asia Minor, identifying it as the location of ancient Troy. Luck awaited him: the hill hid the ruins of as many as 9 urban settlements that replaced each other over the course of 20 centuries. Schliemann recognized the troy described in the poem in one of the settlements. In one of the discovered royal graves, the remains of Agamemnon and his companions rested; Agamemnon's face was covered with a golden mask. The discovery of Heinrich Schliemann shocked the world community. There is no doubt that Homer's poem contains information about real heroes and events.
Revived Troy Hill Hissarlik (Türkiye).
Catchwords One of the means of figurative and expressive literary speech are catchphrases. It is in Homer’s poems that this name occurs many times (“He uttered a winged word”; “They exchanged winged words among themselves quietly”) Homer called words “winged” because from the mouth of the speaker they seem to fly to the ear of the listener. After a while, this expression began to denote brief quotations, figurative expressions, sayings of historical figures, names of mythological and some literary heroes that entered our speech from literary sources. In the poems of Homer, there are also expressions that have become winged. Let's listen to the messages prepared by the guys and determine what meaning we now put into these expressions. Trojan horse Apple of discord Achilles' heel
Achilles (Achilles) - the hero of Homer's epics, a great warrior who does not know defeat. He was a demigod. His mother is the sea nymph Thetis, forcibly married to Peleus, king of the Myrmidons. According to the legend on which Homer relies in his epic, Achilles was the seventh child in the family. His brothers died at the hands of a mother who dipped her babies in boiling water to see if they were immortal. Achilles was rescued by his father. Having inherited a powerful force from the mother goddess, the son of a mere mortal remained vulnerable to all dangers. In order to save him from future hardships, Thetis dips the baby in the streams of Styx. The mother held her child by the heel, and the waters of the sacred river did not touch her. Achilles took part in the campaign against Troy. No one could defeat the warrior, because everyone was aiming at his body, head. Under his blows, the queen of the Amazons, Penthesilea, and the Ethiopian prince Memnon, who came to the aid of the Trojans, fell. But a poisoned arrow fired by Paris, whose hand was guided by an angry Apollo, hit the hero in the heel - the only unprotected place, and he died. Since then, any flaw, flaw, unprotected place has been called "Achilles' heel". The myth haunted the minds of people. Anatomists have preserved the memory of the hero by naming one of the connective tissues located above the heel bone "Achilles tendon". Every person has their own "Achilles heel". Someone admits this weakness openly, someone hides it, but be that as it may, its presence once again confirms the expression "there are no perfect people." Achilles' heel
The myth of the bone of contention tells of the events that caused the Trojan War. The great Zeus wanted to marry the beautiful Thetis, the daughter of a titan. However, Prometheus predicted to him that the son born to her would overthrow his own father from the throne. Therefore, he gave it to the Thessalian prince Peleus. All the gods of Olympus were invited to the wedding. And only one Eris, the goddess of discord, was not called, remembering her bad temper. She figured out how to avenge the insult. She took a golden apple and wrote on it a single word: "To the most beautiful." And then she threw it on the banquet table. Three goddesses saw a golden apple and an inscription on it: Hera, Aphrodite and Athena. Each of them claimed that the apple was intended for her. The Goddess of the Thunderer was asked to judge them. However, Zeus decided to cheat. After all, Hera is his wife, Athena is his daughter, and Aphrodite was truly beautiful. Then he instructed Hermes to give the apple to Paris, the son of the king of Troy. The young man did not know that he was a prince, because he was raised by shepherds. It was on Paris that Zeus assigned the duty to name one of the goddesses the most beautiful. Each tried to win the young man over to their side. Hera promised him power and power, control over Asia, Athena offered him military victories and wisdom. And only Aphrodite guessed the secret desire of Paris. She said that she would help him get the love of the beautiful Helen, daughter of Zeus and Leda, wife of Atreus Menelaus, queen of Sparta. It was Aphrodite who gave Paris the apple. Hera and Athena hated him and vowed to kill him. Aphrodite kept her promise and helped him steal Elena. This was the reason for the start of the war. Menelaus decided to punish the Trojans and get his wife back. As a result, Troy was destroyed. This is a myth, and the phrase "apple of discord" became winged thanks to the Roman historian Justin, who lived in the 2nd century. Apple of discord
About the garden of Troy dragged on for a long 10 years. Even though the spear of Athena was stolen from Troy, it was impossible to take the city by attack. Then the cunning Odysseus came up with one of the most brilliant ideas. If it is impossible to enter the city by force, it is necessary to make sure that the Trojans themselves open the gates. Odysseus began to spend a lot of time in the company of the best carpenter, and in the end they came up with a plan. Having dismantled part of the boats, the Achaeans built a huge hollow horse inside. It was decided that the best warriors would be placed in the belly of the horse, and the horse itself with a "surprise" would be presented as a gift to the Trojans. The rest of the army will pretend that they are returning to their homeland. No sooner said than done. The Trojans believed and brought the horse into the fortress. And at night, Odysseus and the rest of the heroes came out of it and burned the city. Therefore, it was with the light hand of Homer that the expression "Trojan horse" acquired the meaning "a gift with a trick, something that, although it seems harmless, can destroy everyone and everything" Trojan horse
Features of Homer's speech All the works of the folk epic are large-scale poems that tell about the great events of bygone times and in which extraordinary heroes act. Wishing to express as expressively as possible the grandeur and significance of the glorified events and heroes, Homer resorts to exaggerations, poeticizes everything that surrounds the heroes, endows them with a beautiful appearance. The heroes of Homer are endowed with extraordinary strength, they are heroes, their deeds are beyond the power of ordinary people: for example, none of the mighty suitors of Penelope can pull the bow of Odysseus. Designed for listeners, epic works contain many detailed descriptions that delay the development of the action; these descriptions can be repeated many times. The ancient Greek poems of Homer, like the works of Russian folklore, are full of constant epithets. So, Odysseus is called "cunning", "long-suffering"; women - "beautifully curly", "blonde", "long-dressed"; ships - “Black” (resin), “red-sided”; the sea - “noisy”, “fishy”, “gray”, “crimson”, “foggy” ...
“Homer made gods out of people, and turned gods into people” Homer highly honors man, human reason, human activity. He seems to assert: the gods are immortal, but man has an immortal mind; the power of thought and skillful hands of man is able to resist the omnipotence of the Olympic gods).
1. Homer and his Odyssey The Odyssey is the second classical poem attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer. Created probably in the 8th century BC. It tells about the adventures of a mythical hero named Odysseus during his return to his homeland after the end of the Trojan War.
Odyssey Odysseus' journey from the walls of Troy captured on his advice to the island of Ithaca takes 10 years. According to the positions of Mercury, Venus, and the Moon often mentioned in the poem in relation to the constellations, scientists from the US National Academy of Sciences were able to determine that Odysseus returned home on April 16, 1178 BC. Although the poem is heroic, heroic features are not the main thing in the image of the protagonist. They recede into the background compared to such qualities as intelligence, cunning, ingenuity and prudence. The main feature of Odysseus is an irresistible desire to return home to his family.
Odyssey Judging by both Homeric poems, Odysseus is a truly epic hero and at the same time what is called a "comprehensively developed personality": a brave warrior and an intelligent military leader, an experienced scout, the first athlete in fisticuffs and running, a brave sailor, a skilled carpenter, a hunter , merchant, zealous owner, storyteller. During the ten years of his return home, he appears as a navigator, a robber, a shaman, summoning the souls of the dead (scenes in Hades), a victim of a shipwreck, a poor old man, etc.
Odysseus Odysseus lands with his companions on the island of the Cyclopes and finds himself in a cave, which turned out to be the dwelling of a giant. He discovers the aliens, takes them prisoner, locks them in a cave and devours three pairs of Odysseus's satellites. The cunning Odysseus waits until Polyphemus falls asleep, and in his sleep he gouges out the only eye of the Cyclops. The captives manage to leave the cave of the enraged but blind Polyphemus, hiding in a herd of sheep. Polyphemus called on his father Poseidon to take revenge on Odysseus.
Odyssey Next, Odysseus and his ships sailed to the "high city" of Lamos. One of the satellites sent by Odysseus for reconnaissance was swallowed by the king of the lestrigons (cannibal giants). Then Antifates called other lestrigons, who began to destroy the ships, throwing huge stones at them from the rocks. They strung people on stakes and carried them to be eaten in the city. One ship managed to escape.
Odyssey The last ship has landed on the island of the sorceress Kirka. When some of his companions, who went to explore the island, were turned into pigs by Kirka, Odysseus went alone to the house of the sorceress and, with the help of the wonderful plant given to him by Hermes, defeated the spell of the goddess, who, recognizing Odysseus as a brave guest, invited him to stay on her island. Odysseus bowed to the proposal of the goddess, but first made her swear that she was not plotting anything bad against him, and return the human image to his companions, turned into pigs. Having lived for a year on the island in bliss and contentment, Odysseus, at the insistence of his comrades, began to ask Kirk to let them go to their homeland.
Odysseus Odysseus ended up on the island of the goddess Calypso, and she, having fallen in love with him, kept him on her island, hiding from the rest of the world, for seven years. Calypso promised Odysseus to grant immortality and make him happy, but she could not make him forget his homeland. Obeying the command of Zeus transmitted through Hermes, Calypso handed Odysseus the tools necessary for the construction of the raft, and also provided him with bread, wine and water for the journey.
Odysseus Miraculously escaping from the storm raised by Poseidon, hostile to him, Odysseus swims to the shore of the island of Sharia, where happy people live - the feacs, sailors with fabulously fast ships. Odysseus is cordially greeted by the king of the feacs Alkina. Odysseus tells about his adventures and the feacs deliver him to his homeland. Enraged by this, Poseidon turns the ship of the Phaeacians into a rock. And Athena temporarily turns Odysseus into an old man (so that he would not be recognized).
Homer's poem "The Odyssey"
Chachin Kirill,
5th grade student
MAOU secondary school №31
attributed to an ancient Greek poet
Homer. Created probably in the 8th century BC
AD Talks about adventure
mythical hero named Odysseus
the time of his return to his homeland after
end of the Trojan War. After 10 years, Odysseus ended up on the island where Alkina ruled. Odyssey
found Nausicaa, the king's daughter. Alkina kindly received
travelers. At the feast, the storyteller sang about the exploits of Achilles,
the fall of Troy. Odysseus burst into tears and told Alcinous his
history. Odysseus lands with companions
on the island of the Cyclopes and falls into
cave,
turned out to be
housing
giant.
That
discovers
aliens, takes them prisoner, locks them in
cave
And
devours
parts.
Cunning Odysseus waits until
Polyphemus falls asleep, and in a dream he stabs
the only eye of a cyclops. For the captives
manages to leave the cave of the angry one,
but blind Polyphemus, hiding in
flock of sheep. Polyphemus called his
Poseidon's father to take revenge on Odysseus. Once Odysseus sailed past the island of the Sirens. These half-birds, half-women, lured travelers with their singing and ate them.
Odysseus ordered the rowers to fill their ears with wax, and tie him to the mast.
In this way he heard beautiful singing and was able to stay alive. Soon the travelers survived the mortal danger. their ship
sailed between the cave where Scylla lived (a snake with six heads
dogs) and on the other side was Charybdis, three times a day
sucking in water and then spewing it out. But Odysseus could
navigate your ship and past these monsters. After listening to the story of Odysseus, Alkinoy ordered the ship to be equipped.
time in his house, suitors pestered his wife Penelope and mocked
son. .But she believed that Odysseus was alive and stated that she would marry when
weaves a shroud for the father of Odysseus, who was dying. All Day Penelope
she wove cloth, and at night she unraveled it. The maid revealed this deceit to the suitors. Penelope had to announce
that she will marry the one who wins in shooting from a huge
Luke Odysseus. But none of the suitors could even bend the bow. Then
Odysseus, disguised as a beggar, took his bow and fired, and then
killed all suitors.
Homer's poem "The Odyssey"
MKOU "Nizhnegridinskaya secondary
Comprehensive school"
History teacher Polunin Alexander
Mikhailovich
Among the horrors of the earth and the horrors of the seas
Wandering, distressed, looking for his Ithaca
God-fearing sufferer Odysseus;
With a fearless foot he descended into the darkness of Hades;
Charybdis furious, underwater Scylla groan
Do not shake the high soul.
It seemed that cruel rock won with patience
And he drank the cup of sorrow to the drop;
It seemed that heaven was tired of punishing him
And quietly sleepy rushed
To the dear homelands of the long-desired rocks,
He woke up: so what? Fatherland did not recognize.
L. Tolstoy
Who is the most attentive?
Exercise 1.
Remember what ancient Greek gods we met in the poem "Odyssey" !, and determine who owns this or that attribute.
Task 2.
- Read the passage from the poem and determine the scene of action:
A) Steel from the sides - the deity, of course, put courage into them; They grabbed the stake and with its red-hot point They squeezed the sleeping man into the eye; and, having lifted it from the end, I began to turn it; The cannibal howled wildly - the cave groaned from the howling. steel from the side - a deity in them, of course
- Taking his mighty bow, Odysseus, hard in trials, Instantly pulled the string, and an arrow flew through the rings. Having sprung then on the threshold, he poured out arrows from his quiver... In his house he exterminated all the riotous suitors here, Revenging them for all their iniquities and for all insults.
- Odysseus took on his form, and Penelope rejoiced. And peace reigned in Ithaca.
slide 1
slide 2
1. Homer and his Odyssey
The Odyssey is the second classical poem attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer. It was probably created in the 8th century BC. Tells about the adventures of the mythical hero named Odysseus during his return to his homeland after the end of the Trojan War.
slide 3
The journey of Odysseus from the walls of Troy captured on his advice to the island of Ithaca takes 10 years. According to the positions of Mercury, Venus, and the Moon often mentioned in the poem in relation to the constellations, scientists from the US National Academy of Sciences were able to determine that Odysseus returned home on April 16, 1178 BC. Although the poem is heroic, heroic features are not the main thing in the image of the protagonist. They recede into the background compared to such qualities as intelligence, cunning, ingenuity and prudence. The main feature of Odysseus is an irresistible desire to return home to his family.
slide 4
Judging by both Homeric poems, Odysseus is a truly epic hero and at the same time what is called a "comprehensively developed personality": a brave warrior and an intelligent military leader, an experienced scout, the first athlete in fistfight and running, a brave sailor, a skilled carpenter, a hunter, merchant, zealous owner, storyteller. During the ten years of his return home, he appears as a navigator, a robber, a shaman, summoning the souls of the dead (scenes in Hades), a victim of a shipwreck, a poor old man, etc.
slide 5
slide 6
Odysseus lands with his companions on the island of the Cyclopes and finds himself in a cave, which turned out to be the dwelling of a giant. He discovers the aliens, takes them prisoner, locks them in a cave and devours three pairs of Odysseus's satellites. The cunning Odysseus waits until Polyphemus falls asleep, and in his sleep he gouges out the only eye of the Cyclops. The captives manage to leave the cave of the enraged but blind Polyphemus, hiding in a herd of sheep. Polyphemus called on his father Poseidon to take revenge on Odysseus.
Slide 7
Slide 8
Further, Odysseus and his ships sailed to the "high city" of Lamos. One of the satellites sent by Odysseus for reconnaissance was swallowed by the king of the lestrigons (cannibal giants). Then Antifates called other lestrigons, who began to destroy the ships, throwing huge stones at them from the rocks. They strung people on stakes and carried them to be eaten in the city. One ship managed to escape.
Slide 9
The last ship has landed on the island of the sorceress Kirka. When some of his companions, who went to explore the island, were turned into pigs by Kirka, Odysseus went alone to the house of the sorceress and, with the help of the wonderful plant given to him by Hermes, defeated the spell of the goddess, who, recognizing Odysseus as a brave guest, invited him to stay on her island. Odysseus bowed to the proposal of the goddess, but first made her swear that she was not plotting anything bad against him, and return the human image to his companions, turned into pigs. Having lived for a year on the island in bliss and contentment, Odysseus, at the insistence of his comrades, began to ask Kirk to let them go to their homeland.
Slide 10
slide 11
slide 12
slide 13
Slide 14
Odysseus ended up on the island of the goddess Calypso, and she, having fallen in love with him, kept him on her island, hiding from the rest of the world, for seven years. Calypso promised Odysseus to grant immortality and make him happy, but she could not make him forget his homeland. Obeying the command of Zeus transmitted through Hermes, Calypso handed Odysseus the tools necessary for the construction of the raft, and also provided him with bread, wine and water for the journey.