South America presentation. Geography presentation on the topic "South America". The phenomenon of the meeting of waters
"Exploring South America" - Africa. The extent of South America. South America. Pacific Ocean. Features of the nature of the continent. America. M. Gallinas. Equator. Atlantic Ocean. Christopher Columbus.
"Discovery of South America" - Compile and arrange a crossword puzzle on the topic: "Geographical position and history of the study of the mainland." What interesting things did you learn in the lesson? Christopher Columbus 1492. Ferdinand Magellan. 1519 year. Geographical position and history of exploration of the mainland South America. The highest waterfall in the world is Angel Falls.
"South America" Grade 7" - So "by mistake" America was discovered. Equator. Collected and summarized together with the French. Until his death, Columbus was sure that he had visited India. Position relative to: Opening by "error". The uniqueness of the mainland Geographical position The history of the discovery and exploration of the mainland. Caribbean Sea. The extreme points only have west longitude because...
"Population of South America" - Indian - Kofan: a story about the Indians living on the San Miguel River. Atahualpa - the ruler of the Incas during the period of capture. How did we learn? Rules: The game is played in two rounds. Europeans. The mainland from where the Europeans brought slaves. 24. 2. Instead of questions, write the names of the main races. Poison curare is obtained from ...? 17. Settlement.
"Exploring South America" - Outline of the theme. Alexander Humboldt. A. Humboldt. Jean Darst, contemporary explorer of South America. The area of South America with islands is 18.28 million km. sq. F. Pizarro. R. Rozhdestvensky. E. Bonpland. Domeiko's grave in Santiago de Chile. The contribution of immigrants from Belarus to the study of the nature of the mainland (I. Domeiko, K. Elsky).
"The geographical position of South America" - The southern tropic crosses the mainland almost in the middle. South America is the continent of many records. Geographical position. Equipment. Geographic location of South America. Educational: education of curiosity; development of independence, ability to cooperate with others. Goals and objectives of the lesson: Forms of the lesson.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Square - 17 819 000 square kilometers
The population of South America 331 000 000 Human
The highest mountains:
- Aconcagua ( Argentina ): 6 960 m .
- Ojos del Salado (Argentina- Chile ): 6 908 m .
Largest cities:
- Sao Paulo,
- Rio de Janeiro,
- Buenos Aires.
South America is the fourth largest continent on the planet.
It is washed by the Pacific Ocean from the west, and by the Atlantic from the east. The entire continent is located in the western hemisphere and is crossed by the equator in its northern part. The mainland is separated from Antarctica only by the Drake Passage.
Geography of South America
These are mountains and plains, forests and deserts. But the main feature is the gigantic, in terms of its scale, the Amazon River basin and the long chain of the Andes mountains.
Climate of South America
The climate of South America varies depending on the distance from the equator. In the north, near the equator, there is a sultry equatorial zone, with some very cold places in the highlands of the Andes. And in the south, the frosty polar zone, due to its proximity to Antarctica.
Due to the heavy rainfall in South America, there are a lot of rivers that carry their waters to the Atlantic Ocean. The main rivers of the mainland: Amazon, Parana, Madeira, San Francisco.
There are almost no large lakes on the continent. Lake Titicaca in the Andes is the largest of the high mountain lakes.
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South America Geographical position History of discovery Relief Minerals Climate Inland waters Natural areas Peculiarities of the organic world Change of nature by man Population Economic activity of the population Countries
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Geographical position Together with North America, South forms a single part of the world. The two continents are connected by the long and narrow Isthmus of Panama. The outlines of the mainland are simple and graceful. Geographers compare South America to a bunch of grapes hanging on a stalk of the Isthmus of Panama among the waters of the oceans and seas washing it. The area of the mainland is about 18 million km2. South America is washed by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the Caribbean Sea, the Panama Canal, the Strait of Magellan, the Bahia Grande Bay and the Drake Passage. In the northern part of South America, the equator crosses. Almost in the middle it is cut by the southern tropic. South America is divided by the Atlantic Ocean with Eurasia.
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History of the discovery Scientists believe that the inhabitants of Europe, Africa, Oceania could swim to the shores of America. At the end of the XV - beginning of the XVI century. The development of science and navigation led to great geographical discoveries. A huge continent grew on the path of the ships of H. Columbus, when in 1492 the brave sailors rushed west to the shores of India. It became clear that new lands unknown to Europeans were discovered. But the idea of their existence was first expressed by Amerigo Vespucci, who took part in two expeditions to new lands. Following the travelers, the Spanish and Portuguese conquerors rushed to America. Among the first scientists - explorers of South America was the German geographer and traveler Alexander Humboldt. At the beginning of the XIX century. in Brazil, a Russian complex expedition led by G.I. Langsdorf and N.G. Rubtsov. Then the Russian botanist N.I. worked here. Vavilov in 1923-1933
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Relief In the relief of South America, two parts stand out. The east is occupied by plains, and the Andes mountain ranges stretch to the west. Plain-flat-mountain East is located on the platform. The western part of the mainland is the result of the interaction of two lithospheric plates. The formation of the Andes continues, there are frequent earthquakes, volcanic eruptions. Earthquakes are associated with the shaking of the seabed and the formation of tsunamis. In the mountains, earthquakes are accompanied by rockfalls, landslides, and snow avalanches. The east of the mainland does not have sharp fluctuations in elevation in the relief. Earthquakes are rare here, and there are no active volcanoes. The prolonged destruction of the platform and vertical movements led to the formation of the Brazilian and Guiana plateaus. The Andes form the longest mountain ranges on land.
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Minerals South America is rich in mineral deposits. On the plateaus of the East there are deposits of iron, manganese ores, nickel, bauxite deposits containing aluminum. Oil, natural gas, and coal have been found in the depressions and troughs of the platform. The Andes are especially rich in non-ferrous and rare metals. The introduction of magma into sedimentary rocks led to the formation of the world's largest deposits of copper ores, as well as molybdenum, tin, silver, etc.
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Climate South America is the wettest continent on Earth and not as hot as Africa. Part of South America is located in the temperate climate zone. Average monthly temperatures in most of the mainland range from +20 to +28 0C. Precipitation on the mainland is unevenly distributed. In the center of the mainland, droughts are not uncommon, and sometimes unexpected colds come.
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Inland waters Since South America is the wettest continent of the Earth, it is not surprising that nature has created here the largest river basin in the world with the grandiose Amazon. The area of the river basin is almost equal to the whole of Australia. The Amazon is full of water all year round. When the water rises, the river floods vast areas, forming impenetrable swamps. On the rivers flowing from the Andes, the Guiana and Brazilian plateaus, there are many rapids and waterfalls. There are few large lakes on the mainland - Maracaibo and Titicaca. The rivers of South America play an important role in the life of the population. On the low plains they are navigable. Power plants were built on rivers with rapid currents. In dry places, water is used to irrigate fields.
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Natural areas A characteristic feature of the mainland is the presence of impenetrable moist evergreen equatorial forests growing on red-yellow ferralite soils. They are called selva here, which means “forest” in Portuguese. In the savannahs of the Southern Hemisphere, tree vegetation is poorer. To the south of the savannas lie the subtropical steppes, which in South America are called the pampas. In the south of the mainland, in a temperate climate with low rainfall, a semi-desert zone was formed. This harsh region is called Patagonia.
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The originality of the organic world The organic world of South America, like Australia, is very diverse. Along with plants that grow in Africa and Australia, such as palm trees, acacias, bottle trees, South America has its own species - hevea rubber, cocoa tree, cinchona, from whose bark medicines are obtained. Almost destroyed the most valuable forests of araucaria - coniferous trees growing in the east of the Brazilian plateau. Selva is wetter than African forests, richer in plant and animal species. Here grow trees such as ceiba, reaching a height of 80 m, a melon tree. There are many beautifully blooming orchids in the forest. Many selva plants give not only valuable wood, but also fruits, juice, bark for use in technology and medicine. In the savannas grow quebracho, the bark of which contains the tannins necessary for leather dressing. The vegetation of the steppes is grasses, among which feather grass, wild millet, etc. predominate. In quiet backwaters and channels, the water lily Victoria Regia grows with floating leaves up to 2 m in diameter. The animal world is also peculiar. Some animals (anteaters, armadillos, cougars) are found in almost all natural areas of the mainland. Many animals are adapted to life in trees: chain-tailed monkeys, sloths. Even frogs and lizards live in trees, there are many snakes, including the largest snake on Earth - the anaconda. Ungulates live near the water - tapirs - the largest rodent on Earth - capybara capybara weighing up to 50 kg. There are few predators, among them the jaguar is the most famous. The world of birds is also rich: tiny hummingbirds that feed on the nectar of flowers, parrots, toucans, etc. There are many different butterflies, beetles and other insects. In the lower tier of the forest and in the soil, a lot of ants live, many of which lead a predatory lifestyle. In comparison with the African savannas, the fauna of the South American savannas is poorer. Small deer, wild pigs-bakers, armadillos with a shell of horn shields, anteaters, and ostrich rhea live here. The open spaces of the pampas were once characterized by fast-running animals: pampas deer, pampas cat, llamas. There are rodents in the deserts. Among them, viscacha is a rodent with a body length of 60-70 cm. Coypu (marsh beaver) lives along the banks of reservoirs. Among the fish, the most famous are predatory piranhas, electric eels, sharks, a 4-meter-long pyraruk commercial fish. Caimans (a species of crocodiles) live in the river, as well as mammals - freshwater dolphins. Among the animals living in the Andes, there are very ancient species, such as the spectacled bear. Of the rodents, the chinchilla is remarkable for its valuable fur. On the ledges of the mountains, the largest birds of prey on our planet nest - condors with a wingspan of up to 3 m.
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Changing nature by man The impact of man on nature in South America began even when the indigenous population, engaged in agriculture, burned out areas of forests for this, drained swamps. From the 16th century began the exploitation of natural resources. A significant part of the pampas is plowed up or used for grazing. The pastures are overgrown with weeds. Pampa has lost its original appearance. It has been turned into endless fields of corn and wheat, cattle grazing. The Amazon forests are being destroyed very quickly. The construction of the Trans-Amazon Highway (5000 km) opened the way to the selva. The problems of environmental protection in South America arose at the beginning of the 20th century. But it has only recently begun to be implemented. About a hundred species of mammals and birds are now included in the Red Book. The area of protected areas on the entire continent is only about 10/0. Many countries in South America create nature reserves and national parks, which also serve as centers of tourism.
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Population The composition of the population is very complex. The first people appeared here almost 15 - 17 thousand years ago. These were the ancient Indians. From the 16th century The colonization of South America by Europeans began. The conquest of the mainland by Spain and Portugal brought incalculable misfortune to its native population. Indians were herded into reservations, others were turned into slaves. They began to import blacks to work on plantations from Africa. Representatives of all three races of mankind now live in South America. Descendants from marriages of Europeans with Indians are called mestizos. Descendants from marriages of Europeans and blacks are called mulattoes, and Indians and blacks are called sambo. The majority of the population of South America speaks Spanish, in Brazil - Portuguese. Indians speak hundreds of different languages. The languages of the Quechua, Aymara, and other peoples are the most common. The mainland is sparsely populated. Approximately 280 million people live here. The population is unevenly distributed
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Economic activity of the population A part of the population works in mines, mines and quarries, in the oil fields. At the factories located near the coast, metal is smelted, cars, tractors, airplanes, river and sea vessels are made. A significant part of the population of the mainland is engaged in agriculture. On plantations they grow coffee, cocoa crops, cotton, sugarcane, rice, soybeans. Cattle and sheep are bred in dry savannas and steppe regions in the south of the country. In the forests of the Amazon, the juice of wild rubber plants, wax, and nuts are collected. The city of Manaus became the center of the electronics industry.
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Countries There are not as many countries in South America as there are in Africa. The borders of modern states were formed at the beginning of the 19th century. As a result of the struggle of peoples for independence against the Spanish and Portuguese colonizers. Almost all countries in South America, except for two, have access to the oceans. The largest countries in terms of area lie within the flat East of the mainland - Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela. Groups of Andean countries are Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile. The smallest country on the continent is Suriname.
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South America Compiled by: Starkova Natalia Vadimovna MDOU No. 18 "Teremok" NMR
South America is a continent located in the Southern and Western Hemispheres. It is surrounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. This land is rich in stunning natural beauty, it keeps the secrets of ancient civilizations, colorful peoples and tribes lost in the jungle live here.
Everyone knows that America was discovered by Columbus in 1492. But it got its name in honor of the navigator from Florence Amerigo Vespucci. It was he who first suggested that the lands found were not India, but the New World.
From the height of the foot of the Statue of Christ, a breathtaking view of Rio de Janeiro and its surroundings opens up. The statue of Christ on Mount Corcovado in Rio de Janeiro is a visiting card of Brazil. Its height is 38m, and its arm span is 28m.
The largest country in South America is Brazil. It is famous for its magnificent carnivals.
In 1541, the Spaniard Francisco Orellana discovered the longest and deepest river in the world - the Amazon. The length of the river is almost 7000 km.
The Colombian river Caño Cristales is considered one of the most beautiful and unusual in the whole world. Its uniqueness is given by a large number of multi-colored algae. Like red, yellow and green threads, they fill the pond with amazing shades.
Catatumbo lightning is a natural phenomenon that occurs over the confluence of the Catatumbo River into Lake Maracaibo The phenomenon is expressed in the occurrence of many lightnings continuously for a long time, mainly at night and with strong variation depending on the season
South America is rich in waterfalls. The most powerful and full-flowing waterfalls are located on the border of Brazil and Argentina. This fantastic complex of Iguazu Falls is considered one of the seven natural wonders of the world.
Angel is the name of the highest waterfall in the world. It is located in the South American country of Venezuela. The height of the waterfall is over 1000 meters. This miracle of nature is located in hard-to-reach places, so not everyone can be lucky enough to see it.
Hand of Atacama The sculpture is located in the Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth. The hand is set at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level, and its real height is eleven meters. The sculpture is designed to show the vulnerability and helplessness of a person.
Off the coast of this continent is the natural lighthouse of Itzalko (or Izalco), known to sailors all over the world. In fact, it is a volcano, about 2 kilometers high. Every 8 minutes, magma pours out here and a 300-meter column of smoke rises. The reliability of such a lighthouse has been tested by the continuous 200-year activity of the volcano.
The amaranth tree has massive roots that provide support, especially during extreme storms and floods.
Puya plant. It grows at altitudes of about 4000 meters. This giant grass grows to a height of 10 meters and has thousands of flowers and millions of seeds. True, it takes 150 years to bloom, which makes it the slowest blooming flowers. Moreover, after flowering, the plant dies.
South America is home to the world's largest beetles (lumberjack beetles)
The most poisonous frogs live here. Red-backed poison frog Spotted dart frog Bicolor Phyllomedusa
Habitat of the smallest monkeys (marmosets)
the largest butterflies (agrippina butterfly) the most dangerous fish (piranhas)
Anaconda - the name of this creature terrifies many people, both in South America and around the world. If she were just the largest snake on the planet, but the anaconda is also the most voracious snake that can even swallow a caiman crocodile, what can we say about a person? Although ... Anaconda is not poisonous at all.
The capybara is a mysterious animal. The trick of the capybara is that this animal periodically lives either in water or on land.
Native Indian tribes still live in the highlands of Peru and Bolivia.