“How I opened a cocktail bar in Thailand. The best bars on the beaches of Europe! How to open a cafe on the beach
Dmitry Trifonov - about why establishments aimed exclusively at Russians do not take off on Koh Samui
IT tools used by Dmitry Trifonov
- Google Services
- TripAdvisor
For those entrepreneurs who decide to try themselves abroad and move to live and work in another country, one of the most obvious business options is a restaurant, cafe, bar or other similar leisure establishment. In countries popular with Russian business emigrants, competition in this sector is quite serious, but many still manage to find their niche and succeed. One of these “heroes of our time” is Novosibirsk entrepreneur Dmitry Trifonov.
“Not just lying on the beach”
After graduating from the institute - in 2010 - I went on holiday to Thailand, Koh Samui. I liked it there and stayed there for two months. I had some savings, plus my parents gave me money to graduate from college, and I lived on it. And I didn’t just lie on the beach, but walked around, looking at how life works, how people make money. I realized that it was possible to live and work abroad.
A year later I went again, thinking that I would try to get into the rental business - flipping houses. But it didn't work out. In the third year, I went again, but already knew what I was going to do - in Novosibirsk I started to engage in Forex, the remote income appeared - enough for rent, for a normal house.
I lived like this for a year, and at some point my friend Artyom told me that there is one establishment on Samui, let’s say, not very popular, but on the main tourist street. It recently closed, it was put up for sale, but for a long time they could not sell it. And so the owner and I somehow managed to agree that we would take the establishment under management - we would do renovations, rebrand it, relaunch it, in general. And then, if we succeed, the owner will take part in our project, as a share.
It was an old fisherman's house, 80 years old: the second floor was residential, and the first floor was a cafe with tables, a kitchen, etc. Each floor has 70 square meters. We initially planned to throw 200-300 thousand baht in there (at that time - 2013 - it was about 10 thousand dollars). It took about six months to build, and during the construction process the investments grew to almost 2 million baht. No matter what they grabbed, they soon realized that if they didn’t do it right, they would end up with just another cafe. But I wanted to do something special, for myself, cool, and exactly in the place where we live.
"Yes, serious level"
We decided that the format would be a cocktail bar. This concept is rare in Thailand; here there is either a separate restaurant, or a separate bar, or a separate club. I had in my head an image of a Novosibirsk cocktail bar, where my sister worked. People come to have a drink, chat, gradually the music gets louder, those who wanted to dance, those who didn’t want to, then relax, no one bothers anyone. People of my age, of my generation, stopped going to nightclubs - it’s loud, uncomfortable, unatmospheric. And they go to cocktail bars.
My sister Lisa is a cool cocktail bartender, I brought her to Thailand to help us make a good bar with the right cocktails. And she created a unique menu, the likes of which are nowhere else on the island. People from different countries tried our cocktails, nodded their heads - yes, a serious level.
In Thai bars, cocktails are made haphazardly and from whatever is haphazard; both in taste and in quality - complete rubbish. We use only good expensive alcohol, high-quality syrups and ingredients.
“We decided right away: we won’t make an establishment for Russians.”
Our wooden house-bar is located on the main tourist street, there are many restaurants here - Italian, French, Indian, they are mainly run by Europeans. And we fit into this street very well.
Every Friday there is a fair here, and every Friday we host a big Friday Party - for which our establishment quickly became famous. And not only among tourists, but also among people who permanently live on the island. These are the owners of restaurants, hotels, some of their own businesses - in general, entrepreneurs, active young people.
Mostly foreigners come to us, Russians - 30-40 percent. We immediately planned this, we told ourselves that we would not make an establishment only for Russians and in the Russian style, because this is some kind of artificial limitation. The decision turned out to be correct, because in the last two years about seven Russian establishments have opened and closed on the island, none of them lasted more than a year. People just throw in money, open something, sit empty for six months and close. “Here, we are all Russians, let’s get together, let’s hang out together” - there is no concept in this.
We make money not only from food-drinks-parties. For example, we can be a platform for IT conferences - people come to us, hang up a projector, people gather, and make reports. Psychological trainings, webinars, and educational events were also held.
“We invest everything in the business”
I would not call our establishment super-top, but it is definitely on the lips, in rotation on the local word of mouth. At the same time, we never spent money on advertising. We promoted ourselves through reviews, through the atmosphere. And through parties. For example, on Friday we have a real sell-out, everyone either comes specially or stops by on the way. And during the tourist season, people actively come to us on other days - regardless of the events that we give.
At our first Friday party we earned around 6 thousand baht, now the figure is 60 thousand. That is, the profit from a particular event has increased at least ten times in two years. At the same time, our prices did not change - a cocktail cost and costs from 200 to 350 baht, that is, somewhere around 7-10 dollars.
We take little money from profits for ourselves; we invest almost everything in business and development. If we had not repaired anything after the launch, then, naturally, the invested money would have recouped long ago. But we continue to invest.
To be honest, it’s time for us to move, our premises are already small - seats only 40. And we would change the format a little. We are now looking for investors who would open similar establishments as a franchise; It’s possible in Phuket, it’s possible in Bali, in some beach resort area.
How a musician became a chef
I graduated from the Music College named after. Gnesins in 1991 - grew up in a musical family: my grandfather was a conductor, and my grandmother worked at my school. But, like many in the nineties, I decided to become a businessman and tried to become one until I was 28 years old. Ultimately, I realized that I wanted to master the restaurant business, since I really loved cooking, and I began to think about where to start. My mother helped me with my first steps in this area: she was able to come to an agreement with her friends, and I was hired as a cook at the Rice and Fish restaurant, then owned by Dmitry Lipskerov. At first I worked on prepared ingredients: everything turned out easily and quickly, because I cooked as if for myself, and this, it seems to me, is the main quality of a successful cook. Within a year, he became a sushi chef and became friends with a Japanese chef.
From France to India
A year later, my mother helped me get a job in a boutique hotel in Paris. There I interned for free for a month, then moved to the cold salad shop, where I worked for another three months for money. As a result, I received an offer to stay, which I confidently refused: I didn’t like living in France, I had no desire to work in this country. In Moscow, they were already waiting for me as a cook at the Oblomov restaurant and at Kirill Gusev’s Pavilion. I worked in different restaurants for about a year, and then friends invited me to India to open a restaurant there. At that time, my daughter had just been born, and besides, I always wanted to be closer to nature, the sea and the sun, and I agreed to try.
"Good" restaurant in Goa
It didn’t all work out right away: I was looking for a place for a long time and suddenly I saw a ready-made restaurant in the north of Goa, on Morjim beach. I was jealous and thought: I wish I could open my own in such a place! A month later, the owner of the restaurant called himself and offered to simply take over the place with all the equipment without money or deposits. Like, if it works out, pay for it. And if not, then I didn’t succeed either. Looking ahead: everything worked out. The restaurant already had a name - Bora Bora. We thought about changing it, but it turned out that Bora Bora in the local language means “Okay, okay!” We decided not to walk away from the good - and we did the right thing.
Now the restaurant is already 13 years old. It all started with two salads and four dishes: pasta with mushrooms, seafood salad, club sandwich and cheesecake with strawberries, which was called “Bora Bora Cheesecake”. The first two years we had 20 seats, a small menu; There wasn't really any staff. Sometimes I cooked in the kitchen with a small child in my arms. We broke even: we ate and drank, and there was money left over for the opening next year. Fortunately, third-party income allowed me to exist in peace.
In the second year of Bora Bora’s existence, I had partners, Dima and Dima, and together we seriously invested 30 thousand dollars in the restaurant - and this despite the fact that we brought a lot from Moscow ourselves, including musical equipment. We got ready for serious work. But, to tell the truth, we took this business seriously only 6–7 years ago - before that, circumstances allowed us to live a more relaxed life. Now our restaurant and cafe Bakery Cafe Soft Corner there are 24 hours work nearby, and it is profitable and successful business. At first, we focused on our compatriots - Morjim beach is known for a special concentration of well-to-do Russian tourists. Now there are fewer of them, but during the season there is enough work. From 20 seats we have grown to 100.
About the features of the kitchen
The menu of our restaurant includes dishes from different countries: Japanese, Russian, and Italian Cuisine. This year we will start preparing pilaf and pasties. In 2016, we held Fish Day - a fabulous success! In the set for 1,500 rubles for two or three we included fish, shrimp, squid, grilled mussels and mackerel in teriyaki sauce. First of all, we create a menu based on the preferences of tourists. For example, when there were a lot of Russians who came for the winter, we prepared soups, borscht and Olivier. Two or three years after the opening, they built a stove in which they used to cook pizza. And since I started in the kitchen of a Japanese restaurant, I adopted a lot from there, including the work structure. I wanted to add Japanese dishes right away, and tourists also loved them. Once a week we have a sushi day. There are not many restaurants serving Japanese cuisine in Goa.
Hardworking Nepalese
Hindus don't want to work at all. Goa is a fairly rich state, and finding employees here is a big problem. Our business is seasonal, we need to work a lot, literally around the clock for five to six months - no one here is ready for this. There are always holidays, something happens, someone gets married, gets sick - in general, anything, just not to work. We work with personnel from Nepal or with Indians from the foothills of India, that is, with the poor people who come to Goa during the season to work. 60–70% of the staff remains with us. But my chef, whom I could really rely on, went to work in Malaysia. It’s difficult to be offended, we are all in search best options. It is also important for the employer to earn a reputation: we always pay on time and decently for the local level.
Everything needs to be controlled
Of course, it’s difficult that you can’t count on any of the locals. Therefore, my partners and I divide the time spent in the restaurant among ourselves: I, the manager and chef, work from 9 am (at 8 am I take my daughter to school), then at two o’clock in the afternoon I pick up my daughter from school and return around 4 pm - and I stay until 9 pm; one partner is on duty from 6 am, looks after the bread, he generally deals with desserts and bread, and the third partner works from two to four days until 4 am, or even longer - he controls the restaurant while we are not there, and takes care of accounting, development, communicates with locals - resolves issues, in a word. If we don't look after the restaurant, we'll get robbed. If you get a little distracted, everything will start to fall apart: the owners let go of the process a little, and the employees start not caring. And in the restaurant business this is especially felt: if you do something bad once, your guests will never come to you again.
How to open a restaurant in India
The main thing you need to know: without an Indian partner or without a good Indian manager, any of your ventures in India is a lost cause. You will be turned around at every corner. “Tomorrow, tomorrow” is normal here. This is the main thing you should prepare for in order to open a business here. I have worked with the same manager for 12 years, so if a door breaks in my restaurant, it will be fixed in two weeks, not in 12 years.
It's not easy with a business visa. Travel agencies They stopped issuing them because Indians see that it is not businessmen who come, but simply tourists who want to stay longer than six months (business visas are issued for a year). Now you need to go through an interview at the embassy and prove that you have experience and intention to open a business, that you are not just a cool guy who came to have fun. It is expensive to open a company in Goa, it will cost about 5-8 thousand dollars - just like in Russia, there is corruption in India. This includes paperwork, lawyer services, a certain amount in the account, which can then be withdrawn. That is, most of this money will remain with you.
Many people think that moving is easy: sea, sun, friendly Indians. Actually not at all. What saved me was that I had, albeit a little, experience in the kitchen. And if you don’t have experience and patience, there’s nothing to do here at all, especially now when the competition is fierce. Businessmen from Mumbai began investing in restaurants and hotels. Some succeed, some don’t, but many are interested.
The official salary for foreigners is 25 thousand dollars per year. Working unofficially is dangerous, you can be deported. It’s not interesting to go to India to work as a chef, or you have to be a mega-chef to be hired at a good hotel.
Daughter and mother
My daughter lives with me, goes to school in India, and is now 13 years old. There is a good school here, it speaks three languages: English, Russian, French. I tried to leave her to study in Moscow for a year, but she really asked to come back - there is the sea, beauty; I understand her. My mother lives in France and Switzerland. We come to visit her, walk around museums - we enrich ourselves culturally, because, frankly speaking, there are not many cultural events in Goa.
Thoughts about returning to Russia
I tried to come back for a year, but when you run your own business, it becomes difficult to work for someone else. The first seven years we spent in India for seven to eight months, came during the season, and returned to Moscow for the summer. At this time I worked for Stas Namin in Gorky Park, in a summer cafe. Our restaurant in India is located on the beach, there are no options to work here all year round.
Future plans
We want to open a burger chain in Goa, but we'll see. In addition to the restaurant, we operate a small cafe not far from Bora Bora, the menu of which includes sandwiches, a couple of soups, a large number of desserts, ice tea and ice coffee, such a European format. In the near future we will open the same cafe, but closer to the center of Goa, which will allow us to be less sensitive to seasonality. I don’t plan to move from India yet, except that sometimes I think about Georgia - I really liked it there.
"Summer, sun, sea, beach, this evening will be ours!" - these are the words that ring in the minds of most holidaymakers heading to the cool water and hot sands to spend their long-awaited vacation.
Some have in their pocket a luxury trip to foreign countries, giving them the opportunity to relax for a week or two in all inclusive style. And others rush on trains, buses or personal cars towards the coastal expanses of our homeland. Both are united by a feeling of lightness and a great desire to have fun spending the money earned during the year.
Therefore, residents of resort towns not only happily rent out even the smallest living space at their disposal, but also make great money from trading and organizing summer holidays. beach activities. Business on the beach is developing by leaps and bounds, annually bringing its owners a very good income.
Ninety days a year
Unfortunately, earnings from vacationers are seasonal. On average, only three months a year our compatriots have the opportunity to make a profit. And only in some regions of the country the number of “profitable” days can be increased by a maximum of sixty more.
The period is short, but a properly organized business on the beach can generate income sufficient to open another business of your own. In addition, the entire working day will be spent at the edge of the sea, under the warm rays of the sun. Such workdays promise a fun and serene pastime.
On your marks!
Summer is coming, there is a desire and opportunity to earn money. Where to start? First you need to decide on a way to make a profit.
All existing ideas on how to successfully organize a business on the beach can be divided into two main categories:
- the first does not require large investments: this includes selling food, renting out storage units, renting umbrellas and other inexpensive beach accessories;
- the second one needs significant investments: rental equipment for recreational and aquatic species sports, attractions and other entertainment, summer cafes and restaurants, beach rental with its subsequent improvement.
Based on the opinions of experienced businessmen, we can say that organizing a small business will require only a thousand US dollars. And such funds can be found quickly and without unnecessary difficulties. There would be a desire!
Simple business ideas
It's not that hard to make money on the beach. Probably everyone who has rested near the water at least once in their life has heard the shouts of passing merchants: “Seeds, dried fish, hot corn!” Selling such an inexpensive product can bring in a decent income. To purchase it you will need “pennies”, and the profit will exceed the expense several times.
Unfortunately, everything has its drawbacks:
- Such an activity is incredibly tiring, because not everyone can walk all day under the scorching sun with a heavy bag at the ready, and a hired employee can be seriously let down and even run away with all the proceeds.
- This type of business requires permission from the SES, work without it threatens big troubles. However, the vast majority of such traders work illegally, since the preparation of the necessary documents is so expensive that all further activities lose all meaning.
The above example describes only one of the few ways to make money on the beach without having a large starting capital. In the list of low-cost methods of earning money you can find the storage room described above, the sale of kvass and other soft drinks. You can also organize a small massage room or provide the services of a swimming coach.
Almost anyone can turn simple business ideas into reality; you just need to find the most suitable one. And most importantly, do not violate existing rules and laws.
Comfort for your money
IN Lately The requirement for the level of comfort among our compatriots has increased significantly. And if ten years ago everyone, without hesitation, laid a bedding directly on the sand, laid out sandwiches and cut a watermelon, today such a vacation will attract only a few.
Beach improvement has become the number one issue in most resort towns. Vacationers need modern toilets and showers. They want to drink refreshing cocktails in small cozy bars located directly on the sand, or lie on comfortable sun loungers under the shade of umbrellas. And children simply need safe playgrounds and shallow pools with clean water. Such beach development can bring considerable income.
This is my beach!
It is established by law that all citizens of our country have the right of unhindered access to any water bodies and the 20-meter zone adjacent to them. That is, you cannot fence off the beaches and charge money for entry. But how to rent a beach without violating the established rules?
In order for a legal entity to use any piece of the sea, river or coastal zone for its own commercial purposes, it is necessary to conclude an appropriate agreement. It spells out all the rules for using the rented area, what the tenant has the right to and what is strictly prohibited.
Similar documents are issued by the Federal Agency water resources. Its divisions are located in every region of the country. Only after receiving the necessary permits can you begin to improve the beach and charge a fee for the provision of services.
Owners of coastal attractions claim that entertainment on land and water is very popular among vacationers. This business on the beach can be called one of the most profitable and quickly pays off.
Everyone who has ever visited a well-maintained beach has had to ride on water slides. This is perhaps the most striking attraction that can attract both children and adults. It is absolutely safe and does not require special skills or special physical training from the user. Therefore, in the first season of work, you can fully recoup the investment in such a business.
Activities on the beach often include riding various watercraft. It could be a catamaran, jet ski, water ski, banana. The use of such watercraft is associated with some risk to life, and the entrepreneur needs an experienced instructor on staff. All clients will also need to be equipped with personal flotation equipment.
I'm walking on water
Quite new and very attractive, from an entrepreneur's point of view, water attraction- zorb. It is a transparent plastic ball about two meters in diameter. A person is placed inside the container, air is pumped in and pushed into the water.
The ball moves along the surface, and at this time the client spins inside, turning upside down, or carefully “walks on the water.” The employee keeps the balloon on the rope at all times and can quickly return it to shore in case of an emergency.
Buying a Zorb will cost one and a half thousand dollars, and only one worker will be required to operate it. If you place such a ball in a crowded place, its cost will pay off in less than a month.
I'm on my way with the wind
Windsurfing and kitesurfing can also be an excellent way to earn money. Renting equipment for these sports is very popular. Of course, it is impossible to sail while standing on a narrow board, or to fly behind a parachute without prior preparation. Therefore, you can always hire an instructor at rental stores and then master the skill in a few lessons.
I'll take a piece of the sea with me
Finally, let's discuss the topic of souvenirs. Every tourist strives to bring with them from their vacation a small reminder of a fun time spent. For this purpose they buy cute inexpensive trinkets, decorated with images of the resort. These are mainly magnets, mugs, and small figurines. Such little things are required to be brought to all relatives, friends and colleagues. Visitors buy them in huge quantities, not counting the money spent.
A small retail outlet with a similar product, located in a place where vacationers gather, can bring in unexpectedly high income. Of course, competition in this type of activity is very high, but there are also quite a lot of buyers. The main thing is that there is a wide and attractive assortment on the counter, and that customers are served by a smiling and contactable salesperson.
After a cold winter and May thunderstorms, summer always comes. Tourists will come to soak up the water's edge, and seasonal entrepreneurs will be able to receive their long-awaited income.
The Theros Wave Bar is unique in its nature and design - it is made from real volcanic rock.
There are always free sun loungers on the beach, the service is beyond praise, and the seascapes cannot be described in words - you will not find sunsets like those in Santorini in any other place!
Bar Purobeach (Marbella, Spain)
The bar is located right on the beach and offers its visitors stunning views of the cliffs of Gibraltar and the Atlas Mountains of Morocco. It is not surprising that crowds of party-goers from all over the world come here - the bright and stylish interior design has repeatedly appeared in the most fashionable magazines.
As you watch the sunset from your private cabana, get ready to dance the night away around the pool to the rousing tunes of world-famous DJs.
Hula Hula Beach Bar (Hvar, Croatia)
Situated on cliffs that go straight into the sea, this dynamic bar offers its guests excellent drinks and lively music.
And the sunset is over Adriatic Sea leaves no one indifferent! A relaxing atmosphere and the freshest seafood dishes delight guests of the establishment every day.
Beach Hotel Ushuaia Beach Hotel (Ibiza, Spain)
This popular bar is known for the hottest parties in Ibiza. The most famous DJs in the world present their latest compositions on the stage of this establishment.
The beach bar offers its guests comfortable sun loungers, delicious dishes and a wide selection of drinks.
Tropicana Beach Bar (Mykonos, Greece)
During the hot European summer, grab a refreshing cocktail and cool off at Tropicana Beach Bar, which is one of the best beach clubs in Mykonos and has been rated as the best beach bar in the world.
In the evenings, the most popular DJs play here and the entire beach is filled with vacationers.
Bar Z-Plage (Cannes, France)
The luxurious Z-Plage Bar offers stunning views of the Bay of Cannes, where guests can relax in comfortable sun loungers. The Michelin-starred restaurant will delight its visitors with healthy and gourmet cuisine.
And in the summer, the brightest fireworks scatter in the skies, bringing an atmosphere of celebration and good mood.
Blue Marlin (Ibiza, Spain)
The world famous Blue Marlin Ibiza bar offers its guests the perfect combination of relaxation and entertainment. The central stage gives a special luxury to this establishment.
Regardless of how you want to spend your time - sipping champagne on a sun lounger or "loosening" to the tunes of the best DJs - Blue Marlin will make a great impression in any case.
Isn’t this what every mature man dreams of? In order not to miss anything important when opening a drinking establishment and not to be left without money, a bar and visitors, it is proposed to draw up a rough business plan for the bar before it opens. This will help you avoid many mistakes and calculate the amount you will need to invest initially.
Below we describe an approximate business plan for a bar located in Moscow, designed for no more than 30-40 visitors, that is, a mini bar.
Finding suitable premises
Opening any bar, restaurant or cafe is, first of all, painstaking and careful work in finding premises. Opening a mini-bar in a place that is inconvenient for visitors and difficult to get to is detrimental to business.
The requirements for a room suitable for housing a mini drinking establishment are approximately the following:
- size - at least 70 sq. m;
- it must be possible to equip the premises with a sanitary facility;
- separate entrance;
- good trafficability of the place where the bar will be located.
These are the minimum requirements. In addition, it would be nice to find a room with stained glass windows and the possibility of parking next to it.
In Moscow, the average rental price for such real estate is about 150,000 rubles per month. Rent can be several times more expensive if the location is extremely favorable. For example, in the very center of Moscow, rental costs can reach 500,000 or more.
In addition to rent, you will need to pay a deposit to the owner of the premises and a percentage of the transaction to the agent (usually from 50 to 100% - depending on the agent’s appetite). In total, opening an establishment in terms of rental costs will cost at least 400,000 rubles.
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Investments in repairs
Another important initial investment in opening a minibar is the cost of renovating the space. To create a comfortable atmosphere so that bar visitors want to return to it, it is important to make a good renovation in the establishment. In addition, it is important not to forget to include sanitary facilities and ventilation systems in the minibar in the repair costs. A bar that does not allow smoking will not survive in today's market, and without a well-thought-out ventilation system, smoking in a bar will simply be impossible. Repairing a minibar can cost as much as you like, it all depends on the financial capabilities of the owner of the minibar.
The cost of an average repair is approximately 400,000 rubles (material, cost of work), ventilation equipment costs about 5,000 per sq. m. m, that is, for a room of 70 sq. m. - 350,000; bathroom equipment - about 100,000; purchase of furniture (counter, tables, chairs) - at least 200,000. The total cost of repairing a minibar ranges around 1,000,000 rubles.
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Other investments
Another necessary investment is obtaining a liquor license. The cost of a license established by the state is small - 40,000 rubles per year, but it is important to remember that before receiving this license, any establishment planning to retail alcohol must obtain a conclusion from the SES and the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Obtaining these opinions also costs money. Most often, entrepreneurs turn to lawyers so that the latter prepare everything Required documents to obtain all permits and licenses. The cost of legal services is at least 50,000 rubles. In total, opening costs increase by at least 90,000 rubles.
Other costs are also important to consider when opening a mini bar:
- purchase of dishes;
- purchase of minimal equipment for cooking and kitchen arrangement;
- purchase of the first batch of goods;
- expenses for the purchase of cash registers;
- expenses for the initial advertising campaign.
In total, to open a bar you will need to spend an additional minimum of 400,000 rubles.
The total minimum costs for opening a mini-bar in Moscow will thus be about 1,900,000 rubles.
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Payback calculation
It is difficult to calculate the return on investment for a bar, since everything depends on the location of the bar, its traffic, the target audience, and the bar’s pricing policy. After all, you can sell ten mugs of beer with a 300% markup, or you can sell 100 mugs of beer with a 70% markup.
Practice shows that the average profit of a successfully opened bar selling mainly beer and light snacks at the opening stage is at least 10,000 rubles per day (calculated as follows: selling beer with a markup of 100 rubles - at least 50 mugs, accompanying snacks with 200% markup - approximately 10-15 snacks per day).
Thus, a stably operating bar will bring in 300,000-400,000 rubles per month. Of this money, you need to pay 150,000 rubles for rent, pay the waiters and bartenders - 120,000 rubles (3 people per shift, two shifts, salary 20,000 rubles per month). It is also important not to forget to carry out promotions to attract new visitors. At least 30,000 rubles should be spent on advertising per month, especially at the initial stage.