The highest mountain in the world in Asia. Mountain ranges in Asia. Where is Mount Everest

Ecology

The highest peaks are at the peak of the highest mountains of the seven continents. Among climbers they are known as " seven peaks", which was first conquered by Richard Bass on April 30, 1985.

Here are a few interesting facts about the highest points in all parts of the world.

highest mountain peaks

One of these days program Google Maps' Street View invited everyone to enjoy the view of the most high peaks world by offering interactive galleries of the highest mountains on earth.

Maps include panoramic view of 4 of the 7 peaks: Everest in the Himalayas of Asia, Kilimanjaro in Africa, Elbrus in Europe and Aconcagua in South America.

You can make a virtual ascent of these peaks without exposing yourself to the heights and natural difficulties that climbers face.

1. The highest peak in the world and Asia - Mount Everest (Chomolungma)

Mount Everest height

8848 meters

Mount Everest geographic coordinates:

27.9880 degrees north latitude and 86.9252 degrees east longitude (27° 59" 17" N, 86° 55" 31" E)

Where is Mount Everest located?

Mount Everest or Chomolungma is highest mountain on earth, which is located in the area Mahalangur Himal in the Himalayas. The international border between China and Nepal runs along its summit. The Everest massif includes the neighboring peaks of Lhotse (8516 m), Nuptse (7861 m) and Changze (7543 m).

The most high mountain in the world attracts many experienced climbers and amateurs from all over the world. Although climbing the standard route is technically not a big problem, on Everest the biggest dangers are considered to be lack of oxygen, disease, weather and wind.

Other facts:

Mount Everest, which is also called Chomolungma from Tibetan it is translated as "Divine mother of snows" and from Nepali as "Mother of the Universe". The mountain is considered sacred to local residents. The name Everest was given in honor of the Briton George Everest, who was the first to measure the height of the highest mountain peak in the world.

Mount Everest annually rises by 3-6 mm and shifts to the northeast by 7 cm.

- First ascent of Everest committed New Zealander Edmund Hilary(Edmund Hillary) and Nepalese Sherpa Tenzing Norgay(Tenzing Norgay) as part of the British expedition on May 29, 1953.

The largest expedition to climb Everest consisted of 410 people who were part of the 1975 Chinese team.

- The safest year on Everest was 1993, when 129 people reached the top, and 8 died. The most tragic year was 1996, when 98 people conquered the summit, and 15 people died (8 of them died on May 11).

The Nepalese Sherpa Appa is the person who has most climbed Everest. He set the record by climbing 21 times from 1990 to 2011.

2. The highest peak in South America - Mount Aconcagua

Height of Aconcagua

6.959 meters

Geographic coordinates of Aconcagua.

32.6556 degrees south latitude and 70.0158 degrees west longitude (32°39"12.35"S 70°00"39.9"W)

Where is Mount Aconcagua

Aconcagua is the highest mountain in the Americas, located in the Andes mountain system in the province of Mendoza in Argentina. Also this highest peak in both the western and southern hemispheres.

The mountain is part Aconcagua National Park. It consists of a series of glaciers, the most famous of which is the Polish Glacier in the northeast, a frequent climbing route.

Other facts:

- Name "Aconcagua" probably means from the Araucan language "on the other side of the Aconcagua River" or from the Quechua language "Stone Guard".

In terms of mountaineering, Aconcagua is easy mountain to climb, if heading along the northern route, which does not require ropes, hooks and other equipment.

- First conquered aconcagua british Edward Fitzgerald(Edward FitzGerald) in 1897.

The youngest climber to reach the summit of Aconcagua was 10 years old Matthew Monitz(Matthew Moniz) December 16, 2008. The oldest is 87 years old Scott Lewis(Scott Lewis) in 2007.

3. The highest mountain in North America - Mount McKinley

McKinley height

6194 meters

Geographic coordinates of McKinley.

63.0694 degrees north, 151.0027 degrees west (63° 4" 10" N, 151° 0" 26" W)

Where is Mount McKinley

Mount McKinley is located in Denali National Park in Alaska and is the highest peak in the United States and North America, as well as the third most prominent peak in the world after Mount Everest and Aconcagua.

Other facts:

Mount McKinley used to be the highest peak in Russia until Alaska was sold to the US.

Locals call it "Denali" (translated from the Athabaskan language "Great"), and the Russians who inhabited Alaska simply "Big Mountain". Later it was renamed "McKinley" in honor of US President William McKinley.

- The first to conquer McKinley steel American climbers led by Hudson Stack(Hudson Stuck) and Harry Carstens(Harry Karstens) June 7, 1913.

Best climbing period - from May to July. Due to the far northern latitude, there is lower atmospheric pressure and less oxygen at the summit than other high mountains in the world.

4. The highest peak in Africa - Mount Kilimanjaro

Height of Kilimanjaro

5895 meters

Geographic coordinates of Kilimanjaro.

3.066 degrees south latitude and 37.3591 degrees east longitude (3° 4" 0" S, 37° 21" 33" E)

Where is Kilimanjaro

Kilimanjaro is the highest mountain in Africa and is located in Kilimanjaro National Park in Tanzania. This volcano consists of three volcanic cones: Kiba, Mawenzi and Shira. Kilimanjaro is a huge stratovolcano that began to form a million years ago when lava erupted in the Rift Valley region.

Two peaks: Mawenzi and Shira are extinct volcanoes, while the highest - Kibo is dormant volcano, which may erupt again. The last major eruption occurred 360,000 years ago, and activity was recorded only 200 years ago.

Other facts:

There are several versions explaining Origin of "Kilimanjaro". One theory is that the name comes from the Swahili word "Kilima" ("mountain") and the Kichagga word "Njaro" ("whiteness"). According to another version, Kilimanjaro is the European origin of the phrase kichagga, which means "we did not climb it."

Since 1912, Kilimanjaro has lost more than 85 percent of its snow. According to scientists In 20 years, all the snow on Kilimanjaro will melt.

- First ascent was made by a German researcher Hans Meyer(Hans Meyer) and an Austrian climber Ludwig Purtsheller(Ludwig Purtscheller) on the third attempt October 6, 1889

- About 40,000 people try to conquer Mount Kilimanjaro every year.

The youngest climber to climb Mount Kilimanjaro was 7 years old Keats Boyd(Keats Boyd), who made the ascent on January 21, 2008.

5. The highest peak in Europe (and Russia) - Mount Elbrus

The height of Mount Elbrus

5642 meters

Geographic coordinates of Mount Elbrus

43.3550 degrees North, 42.4392 East (43° 21" 11" N, 42° 26" 13" E)

Where is Mount Elbrus located?

Mount Elbrus is an extinct volcano located in the western part of the Caucasus Mountains on the border of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia in Russia. The top of Elbrus is the highest in Russia, in Europe and the western part of Asia. The western peak reaches 5642 m, and the eastern 5621 m.

Other facts:

- Name "Elbrus" comes from the Iranian word "Albors", which means "high mountain". It is also called Ming tau ("eternal mountain"), Yalbuz ("mane of snow") and Oshkhamakho ("mountain of happiness")

Elbrus is covered by a permanent ice sheet that supports 22 glaciers, which in turn feed the Baksan, Kuban and Malka rivers.

Elbrus located in a mobile tectonic region, and deep under the extinct volcano is molten magma.

- First ascent on the east summit Elbrus was made on July 10, 1829 Hilar Kachirov, who was on the expedition of the Russian General G.A. Emmanuel, and to the western one (which is about 40 m higher) - in 1874 by an English expedition led by F. Crawford Grove(F. Crauford Grove).

From 1959 to 1976 a cable car, which takes visitors to a height of 3750 meters.

A year on Elbrus about 15-30 people die mainly due to poorly organized attempts to conquer the summit

In 1997 SUV Land Rover Defender climbed to the top of Elbrus, setting a Guinness world record.

6. The highest peak of Antarctica - Vinson Massif

Vinson array height

4892 meters

Geographic coordinates of the Vinson massif

78.5254 degrees south latitude and 85.6171 degrees west longitude (78° 31" 31.74" S, 85° 37" 1.73" W)

Vinson Massif on the map

The Vinson Massif is the highest mountain in Antarctica, located on the Sentinel Range in the Ellsworth Mountains. The massif, approximately 21 km long and 13 km wide, is located 1200 km from the South Pole.

Other facts

The highest peak is Vinson Peak, named after Carl Vinson- Member of the US Congress. The Vinson Array was first discovered in 1958, and first ascent was committed in 1966.

In 2001, the first expedition reached the summit via the Eastern route and measurements of the height of the summit were made using GPS.

More 1400 people tried to conquer Vinson Peak.

7. The highest peak in Australia and Oceania - Mount Punchak Jaya

Height of Puncak Jaya

4884 meters

Geographic coordinates of Puncak Jaya.

4.0833 degrees south latitude 137.183 degrees east longitude (4° 5" 0" S, 137° 11" 0" E)

Where is Punchak Jaya

Puncak Jaya or Carstens Pyramid is the highest peak of Mount Carstens in western Papua, Indonesia.

This mountain is highest in Indonesia, on the island of New Guinea, in Oceania (on the Australian plate), the highest mountain on the island, and the highest point between the Himalayas and the Andes.

Mount Kosciuszko is considered the highest peak on the Australian continent., whose height is 2228 meters.

Other facts:

When Indonesia began to administer the province in 1963, the summit was renamed Sukarno Summit in honor of the President of Indonesia. Later it was renamed Punchak Jaya. The word "Puncak" in Indonesian means "mountain or peak", and "Jaya" is translated as "victory".

The summit of Punchak Jaya conquered for the first time in 1962, Austrian climbers led by Heinrich Garrer(Heinrich Harrer) and three other members of the expedition.

Access to the summit requires government permission. The mountain was closed to hikers and climbers from 1995 until 2005. Since 2006, access has been possible through various travel agencies.

Puncak Jaya is considered one of the hardest climbs. He has the highest technical rating, but not the greatest physical demands.

Geography of Asia
Click to enlarge

In the west, Asia borders on Europe, the east coast mediterranean sea, as well as with the Sea of ​​Marmara, the Bosphorus, the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea.

In the east, Asia is bordered by the Pacific Ocean, and with a large number of bays and seas.

The Arctic Ocean and several seas form the northern border of Asia, one of them, the Bering Sea, separates Asia from North America. In the southwest, the Red Sea and the Isthmus of Suez separate the continent from Africa.

The Indian Ocean forms much of Asia's southern frontier, as well as a number of bays, gulfs, and seas, and, in addition, vast chains of inhabited and uninhabited islands.

Deserts of Asia

On the territory of Asia and the Near (Middle) East there are several vast deserts. The main ones will be listed next.

Arabian desert

Arabian wasteland (another name - deserts of the Arabian Peninsula) is a vast desert region stretching from Yemen to the Persian Gulf, and from Oman to Jordan and Iraq. The desert is located in the Middle East.

Gobi

The Gobi Desert is the largest desert in Asia, with an area of ​​1,300,000 sq. km. The Gobi Desert, which stretches from northern China to Mongolia, receives only about 18 cm of rain annually, due to the fact that the Himalayan mountains block the path of rain clouds.

Karakum

The Karakum desert covers a distance of 350,000 square kilometers, almost 70 percent of the total area of ​​Turkmenistan. Due to the fact that the desert is located along the Caspian Sea, the climatic conditions in the Karakum are milder than many other Asian deserts, which are characterized by harsh winters and dry summers.

Kyzylkum

On the territory of this desert, stretching from Kazakhstan to Uzbekistan, with an area of ​​​​300,000 square kilometers, a variety of flora and fauna is represented in abundance. And although only 10 to 20 cm of rain falls annually over the desert, the rain falls in cooler seasons, so that the water does not evaporate very quickly, and allows the existence of animals migrating in large numbers in this area.

Altyntag Mountains (upper left corner), forming
part of the northern border of the Tibetan Plateau,
contrast sharply with the Takla Makan desert.
NASA image
Click to enlarge

Takla Makan

China's largest desert stretches over a total area of ​​over 337,000 square kilometers. Mainly composed of changing and moving sand dunes, Takla Makan is one of the largest sand deserts in the world. Despite the hostile and unpredictable nature of the desert sands, the Chinese government built a road through the desert in the mid-1990s.

The Thar Desert, located on the territory of India and Pakistan, with an area of ​​​​more than 200,000 square kilometers, is the only subtropical desert in Asia. Over the desert, up to 50 cm of rain falls annually, mainly during the monsoon period from July to September, and most of the crop is grown during this rainy season.

Lakes of Asia

There are dozens of seas and lakes in Asia. Some of the largest and most significant will be listed below.

Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea, located in the western part of Asia, as well as on the eastern border of Europe, is the largest lake on the planet. This lake is called the "sea" thanks to the Romans, who considered it salty, especially on its southern borders, and since then the name has taken root. Oil and natural gas platforms abound along the seashores. In addition, a large number of sturgeons live in the waters of the lake, from the caviar of which especially valuable caviar is produced. Fresh water enters the sea via the Volga and Ural rivers in the north, but the sea is still brackish. The surface area of ​​the lake is 371,000 sq. km., the greatest depth is 1,025 m.

Baikal

Lake Baikal is located in the southeastern part of Russia (in Siberia), north of Mongolia. Baikal is the largest freshwater lake in the world, as well as the deepest (with a depth of 1,620 m). Baikal contains 20% of the total amount of all fresh water in the world. The greatest width of Lake Baikal is 96 km, length is 626 km. The lake is completely surrounded by mountains, over 300 rivers and streams flow into it.

Aral Sea

The Aral Sea is located in the west of Asia, a little east of the Caspian Sea, on the territory of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The Aral Sea is rapidly shallowing (evaporating) and today it is almost completely polluted with fertilizer runoff, residues from Soviet weapons testing, and various industrial facilities. The mismanagement of the waters of this sea, according to many experts, is one of the worst environmental disasters. The diversion of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers for irrigation began in 1918, and this action, combined with other factors, has resulted in the Aral Sea now being 60% smaller than its original size. Per last years the situation has improved somewhat in the northern part of the sea, but the lower part of the sea is essentially abandoned, and it is expected that the remaining waters in this part of the sea will disappear within ten years.

Mountains of Asia

There are several significant mountain ranges in Asia. Some of them will be considered below.

Altai mountains

The Altai Mountains are a mountain range located in East and Central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan meet, and where the Irtysh and Ob rivers originate. Mount Belukha is the highest point of the Altai Mountains (with a height of 4,506 m).

Ghats

The Western Ghats are a mountain range located along the western part of India, with an average height of 1,200 m. The Eastern Ghats are a mountain range that runs along east coast India. The highest point is Biligiranga Hills (1552 m.).

Himalayas

The photo on the left is of the Himalayan mountains. In the foreground is the Tibetan Plateau. Everest is visible in the center, Makalu is on the left.
The photo on the right depicts Mount Chogori. Both photos were taken from the ISS. NASA images
Click to enlarge

The tallest mountains in the world, over 8 kilometers high, are peaks that are impressive. Flying at this height passenger aircraft(8-12 kilometers). In fact, there are many more such mountains than fourteen. But only those that are separated from each other by a considerable distance are taken into account. All major eight-thousanders are located in Central Asia. Nepal, China, Pakistan, India. I wonder if this is the will of the gods or is it connected with something?

It is not given to everyone to conquer at least one peak from the “14 gods”, but there are those on our planet who seek to conquer all fourteen! At the moment there were only 41 of them, out of more than 9 billion inhabitants of the planet. It is difficult to say what height attracts them, perhaps only one: "... height, height, height ...".

It should be added that there is such a thing as a “clean ascent”, that is, climbers made the ascent without using oxygen masks. For reference, even commercial airliners often fly regularly at lower altitudes.
More than 10 thousand ascents were made to the great 8th thousanders.

About 7 percent of all ascents ended tragically. The bodies of many dead climbers remained at the heights they had not conquered, due to the difficulty of their evacuation. Some of them serve as landmarks for modern conquerors of certain heights. For example, the height of 8500 meters on Everest for 17 years met climbers with the body of Tsevang Palzhor, who died on it in 1996. She even received an unofficial name - "Green Boots", this is the color of the shoes that was on the deceased climber. Why are we so attracted by unconquered heights? Everyone has their own answer to this question.

Another well-known name is Chomolungma (from the Tibetan " Chomolangma" means "Divine" or "Mother". The highest point in the world and the most "prestigious" peak on our "blue" planet. Its height is 8848 meters above sea level. Its English name "Everest" was given in honor of the head of the geodetic survey of British India, Sir George Everest.

Where is Everest

Everest is located on several hundred square kilometers, on the territory of mainly two states - Nepal and China. Chomolungma is part of the Himalayan mountain system, the Mahalangur-Himal range (in the part called Khumbu-Himal). Perhaps no other peak on our planet attracts to its conquest, like Chomolungma.

Climbing Everest

The mountain was first climbed on May 29, 1953 by Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillary.

About three hundred people have already died since the "ascending travelers" were counted. Even the most modern equipment and equipment do not allow all the thirsty inhabitants of our planet to conquer this height.
Every year, about five thousand people try to conquer Everest. By 2018, more than 8,400 climbers have reached the summit, nearly 3,500 of them have climbed Everest more than once.

Climbing Everest takes about 2 months - with acclimatization and setting up camps. Climbers lose an average of 10-15 kilograms of their weight during this time.

The last 300 meters to the summit are considered the most dangerous part of the ascent. Not all climbers can overcome this part. Strong winds up to 200 km/h often blow at the top. And the temperature varies throughout the year from 0°C to -60°C.

The second highest mountain in the world, Chogori (K2)

Chogori (the second name of K2) is the second highest peak on the planet, but climbing it is considered much more difficult. Moreover, in winter, no one managed to conquer it at all, and the mortality rate when climbing this peak is the highest and amounts to 25%. Only a few hundred climbers managed to conquer this height.
In 2007, it was Russian climbers who managed to climb the most difficult section of the summit - the Western Face, and they did it without the use of oxygen equipment. The most massive conquest of Chogori took place in the summer of 2018. Of the group, which consisted of 63 people, one died. At the same time, Andrzej Bargiel became the first climber to descend the skiing from the top of this mountain.

Kanchenjunga

Kanchenjaga is the third highest eight-thousander of the planet. Located in the Himalayas. Until the middle of the 19th century, it was considered the highest mountain peak, but at present, after calculations, it ranks third in height. At the moment, more than ten routes have been laid to climb this peak. Translated from Tibetan, the name of the mountain means "treasury of the five great snows."

Due to its location, Kanchenjaga is partly part of the national park of the same name in India. If you look at the mountain from the side of India, you can see that there are five peaks in this mountain range. Moreover, four out of five peaks rise to a height of more than eight thousand meters. They form a very colorful landscape with their combination, so this mountain is considered the most picturesque among its kind. One of the favorite places of creation of Nicholas Roerich.

The first conquest of this peak belongs to the English climbers Joe Brown and George Bendu. It was committed on May 25, 1955. In Nepal, for a long period of time, there was a legend about Kanchenjaga - a mountain woman who does not allow the fair sex to conquer her peak. Only in 1998 did the British Ginette Harrison manage to do this. The general downward trend in the death rate during the conquest of the mountain peaks, unfortunately, did not affect Kanchenjaga and is 22 percent.

Lhotse

Lhotse, a mountain peak on the border of China and Nepal, has a height of 8516 meters. The mountain is located in close proximity to Chomolungma, the distance between them does not exceed 3 kilometers. They are separated by the South Col Pass, the highest point of which almost reaches eight thousand. Such proximity of two great peaks creates a very majestic picture. From a certain angle, you can see that Lhotse is like a three-sided pyramid. Moreover, at the moment there is the smallest number of climbing routes for each of these three faces. This is largely due to the fact that the slopes of the peaks are very steep, and the likelihood of avalanches is extremely high.

Unlike Chogori, this peak was still conquered in winter. It is worth noting that so far none of the individual climbers or groups have been able to pass along the traverse of all three peaks of this eight-thousander. The East Face of Lhotse also remains unconquered.

Makalu

Makalu is an unusually beautiful peak, but extremely difficult to climb. Less than 30% of organized expeditions ended in success. The mountain is located on the border of China and Nepal, just over 20 km southeast of Everest.

The mountain did not attract much attention for more than a hundred years after it was marked on the maps. This is largely due to the desire of previous expeditions to conquer higher peaks located in close proximity to it. For the first time the summit was conquered only in 1955.

In certain circles, the mountain is known as the "black giant". This name was assigned to it due to the fact that the extremely sharp edges of the peak do not allow snow to be fixed on them, and it often appears before its contemplators as black granite rocks. Since the mountain is located on the border of two eastern countries, its conquest refers to mystical factors, supposedly the mountain itself decides which of the expeditions to allow the ascent, and who is not worthy of this fact.

Cho Oyu

The height of Cho Oyu is a little over 8200 meters. Near the top lies the Nangpa-La pass, through which the main "trade route" of the Sherpas from Nepal to Tibet passes. Thanks to this route, many climbers consider this peak the most accessible of all the eight-thousanders, although this is not entirely true. Just from the side of Nepal there is a very sheer and difficult wall, so most of the ascents are carried out from the side of Tibet.
The weather in the Cho Oyu region is almost always favorable for climbing, and its “accessibility” makes this peak a kind of springboard before climbing Everest.

Dhaulagiri I

The number one fully reflects the essence of the name of the mountain, it consists of many ridges, the highest of which reaches a height of 8167 meters. It is believed that the mountain has 11 peaks, of which only one is higher than 8000 meters, the rest lie in the range from 7 to 8 kilometers. Dhaulagiri is located in the central part of Nepal and belongs to the Main Himalayan range.

Despite the complexity in the name, it is translated very simply "white mountain". The history of its conquest is interesting. Until the 30s of the 19th century, it was considered the highest mountain on the planet. And the conquest of the peak was taken up only in the middle of the last century. For a long time it was impregnable, only the eighth expedition managed to reach the top. Like other brethren, this peak has both simpler routes and very impregnable slopes.

Manaslu

The mountain is located in the northern part of Nepal and reaches a height of 8163 meters. Due to its relative seclusion, this peak looks extremely majestic against the backdrop of the surrounding splendor. Maybe this explains its name, which means “mountain of spirits”. For a long time, climbing the mountain was difficult due to hostile local residents (the name of the mountain speaks of this). Avalanches often hit local settlements, and only after long offerings to the highest gods of the Japanese expedition did they finally manage to conquer this peak. Mortality among climbers conquering Manaslu almost reaches 18 percent.

The mountain itself and its surroundings are part of the National Park of Nepal with the same name. The indescribable beauty of the park prompted the country's authorities to create a hiking route for mountain lovers.

Nanga Parbat (Nanga Parbat)

One of the few eight-thousanders located not in China or Nepal, but on the territory controlled by Pakistan. There are four main peaks on the mountain, the highest of which is 8125 meters. The top of the mountain is in the top three in terms of the number of deaths of people during its conquest.

According to the history of climbing, it is interesting that it was on this mountain that the first attempt was made to climb the eight-thousander. It was back in 1895. It is with this mountain that the first conquest of the peak alone, and not as part of a prepared expedition, is connected. It is believed that it was here that the symbols of Nazi Germany were first seen, the representatives of which, as you know, were close to the occult sciences.

Certain difficulties in planning expeditions to this peak are brought about by internal political disagreements on the territory of Pakistan.

Annapurna I - the most dangerous peak among the eight-thousanders

Annapurna I is the first of the eight-thousander peaks, whose height is already below 8100 meters (officially 8091 meters). However, for all the years of ascents taken into account, she has the highest mortality rate among the conquerors, almost one in three (32%). Although it is currently steadily declining from year to year. Annapurna is located in central Nepal and the entire mountain range stretches for more than 50 kilometers. It consists of many ridges of different heights. From the upper points of Annapurna, you can observe another giant - Jaulaguri, between them about 30 kilometers.

If you fly near these mountains on an airplane, a majestic view of the nine main ranges of this massif opens up. It is part of the national park of the same name, located in Nepal. Several hiking trails, along which indescribable views of the Annapurna peaks open.

Gasherbrum I

The summit of Gasherbrum I is part of the Baltoro Muztag mountain range. Its height is 8080 meters and it is the eleventh eight-thousander of the planet. It is located in Pakistan-controlled territory near the border with China. It means "beautiful mountain". She also has another name - Hidden Peak, which means hidden peak in English. In general, there are seven peaks in the Karakorum mountain system, to which Gasherbrum belongs, and three of them exceed 8 thousand meters, although not by much.

The first ascent of the peak dates back to 1958, and in 1984 the famous climber Reinhold Messner makes a traverse between Gasherbrum I and Gasherbrum II.

Broad Peak

The second highest peak in the Karakurum, the middle brother between the two sisters Gasherbrum I and Gasherbrum II. In addition, literally 8 kilometers from Broad Peak there is another high relative - Mount Chogori. The first ascent of Broad Peak took place a year earlier than neighboring Gasherbrum I, in 1957.

By itself, it consists of two peaks - the Presummit and the Main (8047 meters). The South-Western slopes are much lighter than the opposite ones, the North-Eastern ones, and it is on them that the classic climbing routes to the Main Peak are laid.

Gasherbrum II

Just below Broad Peak is another peak among the eight-thousanders - Gasherbrum II (height 8035 meters). Either its relative baseness affected, or for another reason, but the first ascent to this peak dates back a year earlier than Broad Peak, to 1956. The main routes of the conquerors of peaks pass along its southwestern slope. It is the least prone to mountain collapses and avalanches. It is he who is used by many climbers who begin to conquer everything above 8 kilometers.

This mountain fully justifies its name, in good weather the boundaries between gray and black limestone rocks are clearly visible, corresponding to different age boundaries, which, combined with crystal clear snow, creates unique landscapes.

Shishabangma

The majestic iceberg with a height of 8027 meters is the lowest of all known eight-thousanders. Located in the Himalayas, in China. It consists of three peaks, two of which - Main and Central (8008 meters) exceed 8 kilometers. Translated from the Tibetan language means "harsh climate".

The first conquest of this peak was made by a Chinese expedition in May 1964. Considered one of the least complex vertices, although more than 20 climbers have died on its slopes over the past years.

The highest mountains in the world on the world map

This is how a brief overview of all 14 eight-thousanders of the planet looks like. Each mountain is unique in its own way and the saying is true for each of them - "only mountains can be better than mountains."

General characteristics of the mountain system of Asia

The Asian mountain system includes the largest and highest mountains in the world. highest point The planet is located in the Himalayas - Mount Everest (Chomolungma) with a height of 8882 m.

The highest mountains of Asia are located in the southern regions of Central Asia and in southern Asia:

• Himalayas,
• Hindu Kush
• Pamir,
• Tibetan plateau,
• Tien Shan.

In the northern regions of Asia, there are medium-high mountains: the Stanovoye Upland, the Central Siberian Plateau, the Verkhoyansk Range, the Chersky Range, the Altai Mountains, and the Sredinny Range.

In the eastern regions of Asia there are Sikhote-Alin, Greater and Lesser Khingan; in the western, on the border with Europe - the Urals and the Caucasus.

Himalayas

The Himalayas are the highest mountain range both in the world and in Asia. The Himalayas are located on the border of East and South Asia, they delimit the lowlands of the Indus and Ganges rivers from the Tibetan Plateau. The total length of the Himalayas is 2400 km, the width of the mountain range ranges from 200 to 300 km.

The northwestern regions of the Himalayan mountains border on the Hindu Kush - the high mountain system of Asia.

The steepest slopes of the Himalayan mountains are directed south towards the Indus and the Ganges. More gentle slopes are directed towards Tibet.

There are 130 mountain peaks in the Himalayas with a height of more than 7000 m. 11 peaks, located mainly in the Nepalese Himalayas, have a height of more than 8000 meters:

• Everest (8882 m),
• Kapchenjunga (8598 m),
• Lhotse Main (8501 m),
• Makalu (8470 m),
• Cho Oyu (8180 m),
• Dhaulagiri (8172 m),
• Manaslu (8128 m),
• Apnapurna (8078),
• Gozaintan (8018),
• Shisha-Pangma (8013) and others.

The Karakorum mountain range. Kun-Lun and the Hindu Kush

The Karakorum mountain range is the second highest mountain range in Asia. Karakorum is located between the Himalayas and Kun-Lun, southeast of the Hindu Kush and the Pamirs. The average height of the Karakorum is 6000 m.

In the Karakorum mountain range, more than 80 mountains have a height of more than 7000 m.

Eight-thousander mountains of Karakorum: Chogori (8611 m), Gasherbrum (8073 m), Hidden Peak (8068 m), Broad Peak (8047 m).

The Kun-Lun mountain range extends from the west from the Pamirs to the east into the Sino-Tibetan mountains. Kun-Lun skirts the Tibetan Plateau from the north.

The total length of the mountain range is 2500 km, the width in some parts of the range reaches 600 km. The highest point of Kun-Lun is Aksai-Chin peak (7167 m).

The Hindu Kush mountains stretch in the south of Central Asia for 1000 km. Their width varies from 50 to 500 km. The Hindu Kush Mountains delimit the Indus River and the endorheic basin of Central Asia. The highest point of the Hindu Kush is Tirichmir (7690 m).

Pamir

Pamir is located on the territory of Afghanistan, China and Tajikistan in the south of Central Asia.

Pamir is located at the junction of the spurs of the mountain systems of Central Asia - the Karakoram, the Hindu Kush, the Tien Shan and the Kun-Lun.

The highest point of the Pamirs is Kongur Peak (7719 m).

Peaks over 7,000 m also include:

• Ismail Samani Peak (Communism Peak) (7495 m);
• Abu Ali ibn Siba Peak (Lenin Peak) (7134 m);
• Peak Korzhenevskaya (7105 m).

Remark 1

On the territory of the Pamirs there is a huge number of different genesis and types of glaciers. The largest glacier is Fedchenko, located in Central Tajikistan. The Fedchenko Glacier belongs to the mountain-valley type of glaciers. Its area is about 700 sq. km.

Numerous glaciers of the Pamirs during their movement smooth out the sides and bottom of the valleys, grind and bring down the clastic material of rocks, cool the surface layers of air, have a significant impact on the daily rhythm of the movement of mountain-valley air masses, give rise to rivers, melting below the snow line.

The northern border of the Pamirs is the Zaalai Range. Its length from west to east was 200 km. The average height of the ridge is 5500 m. The highest point of the ridge is Lenin Peak (7134 m).

The Zaalai Mountains have practically no foothills. They rise like a wall above the Altai Valley. Western Zaalai is located somewhat west of the Tersagar pass. There is an extensive network of spurs here. The peaks of the Western Trans-Alay have sharp shapes. The ridge is deeply cut into the valleys. The highest peak of the Western Trans-Alay is the peak of Sat (5900 m).

From the Tersagar pass in the west to the Kyzylart pass in the east, the Central Zaalai, the highest region of the range, extends. The highest peaks are located in the Central Trans-Alay: Lenin Peak (7134 m), Zhukov Peak (6842 m), Oktyabrsky Peak (6780 m), Dzerzhinsky Peak (6717 m), Kyzylagyn (6683 m), Unity Peak (6640 m).

The central Zaalai is weakly dissected and looks like a continuous wall. Passes of ice-snow origin.

The southern parts of the Central Trans-Alay have strongly branched spurs extending to the south. The central Trans-Alay region is isolated from the rest of the Pamirs by the Muksu and Sauksay rivers.

From the Kyzylart pass in the east to the Chinese border, the Eastern Zaalai stretches for 52 km. A characteristic distinguishing feature of the Eastern Trans-Alay from other regions of the Trans-Alay is the presence of steep northern slopes and a relatively low altitude. The highest mountains: Kurumda (6613 m), Dawn of the East (6349 m), Nameless Peak (6384 m).

Strong winds are typical for the Central and Eastern Trans-Alay on the crest of the watershed ridge. The main factor that determines the weather on the ridge are the Atlantic cyclones.

A powerful glaciation is observed on the Zaalai Range - 550 glaciers occupying an area of ​​1329 sq. km. The largest glaciers include the Dzerzhinsky, Korzhenevsky, Kuzgun, Oktyabrsky, East Kyzylsu, Bolshaya and Malaya Saukdara, Nura glaciers.

Remark 2

The most popular passes are Zaalaisky, Mindzhar, Surkhangou, Constitution, Dzerzhinsky, Abris, 30th Anniversary of Victory, 60th Anniversary of October, Spartak, Razdelny, Mir, Beletsky, Golden and Western Calf.

The Turkestan Range is a high mountain range belonging to the Gissar-Alai mountain system, framing the Ferghana Valley from the southwest and located in the southwest of Kyrgyzstan. The border of Tajikistan with Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan runs along the Turkestan Range.

The length of the Turkestan Range is 340 km. The ridge connects in the east with the Alai ridge through the Matcha mountain junction and extends further in the west to the Samarkand plain.

The northern slope of the Turkestan Range is gentle and long, the southern one is steep and short with rocks and screes. The Turkestan Range is separated from the Zeravshan Range from the south by the valley of the Zeravshan River.

The highest points of the Turkestan Range are Pyramidal Peak (5509 m) and Skalisty Peak (5621 m). The eastern ridges are covered with glaciers. The largest glaciers of the Turkestan Range: Shurovsky, Tolstoy, Zeravshansky.

Mountains have attracted people since ancient times. The history of their research is extremely fascinating. Many people are interested in what is the highest mountain in the world.

The proposed material tells about the most famous mountain peaks of the world, the history of their conquest and interesting moments associated with this.

The European continent is part of the Eurasian continent. Unlike the Asian half, it is not distinguished by such serious mountain peaks.

But there are mountain ranges with peaks that are included in the list of the most significant on Earth. Let us consider in more detail the characteristics of the remarkable mountains in Europe.

In Russia greatest height different mountain range of the Caucasus.

The most famous peaks include:

• Dykhtau- located near the Georgian-Russian border. The summit was first climbed in 1888 by a mixed Swedish-English climbing team.

  It is easy to climb and is always popular with tourists. Height - 5205 m.

• Elbrus- the highest mountain in the country, formed by an extinct volcanic vent and consists of two peaks united by a bridge.

  The western one exceeds sea level by 5642 m. The first ascent of it was made by an English team in 1874.

• Tsakhvoa- the most significant and picturesque peak in Sochi. A biosphere reserve has been established here.
• In Dagestan there are five peaks, some of which exceed sea level by more than four thousand meters.

In addition to the Caucasus, one cannot fail to note the Ural Mountains. This system is older than the previous one, and therefore does not have a serious height.

Ural Mountains, conditionally dissecting Eurasia into two parts of the world, are characterized by large deposits of minerals. From the point of view of climbers, there is nothing remarkable in the Urals.

Altai mountains are located near the Mongolian border and are characterized by stepped landforms with peaked peaks and lake valleys. The height of their peaks does not exceed two thousand meters.

The mountains in the Crimea do not differ in height either. The most famous peak (Roman-Kash) extends 1545 m above sea level.

Eastern Europe is marked by the presence of the following mountains marked on the map:

• Hoverla, located in Ukraine in the Carpathians, is a popular tourist attraction, with a height of 2061 m. The first tourist route was opened in 1880.

  Part of the Carpathian Range is called the Ugrian Mountains by some local peoples living in Hungary and western Ukraine. The massif is not high, but very picturesque.

• In Kazakhstan - arrays characterized by high and low mountain areas.

  In the low-mountain, located in the center of the country, the highest point is located at one and a half thousand meters. Alpine are peaks exceeding one and a half thousand meters.

• In Georgia, Mount Shkhara stands out with a height of 5201 m, representing the central part of the Caucasian massif, on the border with our country.
• In Bashkortostan, Yamantau is known, representing the southern Urals; characterized by two peaks, Big (1640 m.) and Small (1510 m.).

The following mountains are located on the territory of Western Europe:

• Mont Blanc- Western European peak (4810 m.) on the border of Italy and France in the western part of the Alpine massif.
• Dufour (4634 m.)- peak in Swiss and Italian territory. The highest Swiss mountain peak.
• House (4554 m.)- Swiss mountain, first conquered by the British Davis.
• Liskamm (4538 m.)- a peak on the border territory of Switzerland and Italy, dangerous with avalanches and nicknamed the cannibal.
• Weisshorn (4506 m.)- Another Swiss peak, conquered by the British climber John Tyndall.
• Matterhorn (4478 m.)- also on the border of Switzerland and Italy. During its conquest, four climbers fell into the abyss.
• Unlike the nearest neighbors, in Germany there are no such high arrays. There are several peaks up to three thousand meters high.
• In Great Britain there are also several mountain systems, the highest being the Grampian Mountains, representing Scotland.

  The height of some peaks exceeds 1.3 thousand meters from the base.

• In Greece There are several peaks, the most significant of which is Mount Olympus. It is associated with ancient Greek myths that have come down to us from the deep past of Greece.

  In addition to it, several more peaks are noted, with a height not exceeding three thousand meters.

History of the highest mountains of Asia

The Asian continent is distinguished by the presence of the highest peaks belonging to the Himalayan mountains, passing through the territory of different countries:

• Chomolungma (8848 m.). The modern name of the mountain - Everest, is located in China, next to Nepal.

  It is impossible to reach the top of the mountain without the use of special oxygen devices. First conquered in 1853.

• Chogori (8611 m.)– almost falls short of Everest. Located in the northern territories of Pakistan.
• Kangchenjunga (8586 m.)- also in the Himalayas, in India, not far from Nepal.
• Lhotse (8516 m.)- a representative of the Tibet Autonomous Region, located next to Everest, from which the South Col Pass separates.

  The first time a Swiss expedition climbed the peak was in 1956.

• Makalu (8485 m.)- Another Himalayan peak, conquered in 1955 by a French team.
• Himalayan chain In addition to those listed above, it is represented by six more eight-thousanders belonging to India, Pakistan and China.
• In Japan the famous peak is Mount Fujiyama of volcanic origin, which does not reach four thousand meters.

  Thanks to its close-to-ideal conical shape, this is a cult object on the island of Honshu, a place of worship for pilgrims of the Buddhist and Shinto religions.

• In Australia the presence of high mountain ranges is not noted, but they are as peculiar as the continent itself.

  The height of the Western Australian Plateau does not exceed five hundred meters. The mainland is separated by a chain, four thousand kilometers long.

  One part of it is called the Australian Alps, it is the highest system on the continent, some peaks of which barely exceed two thousand meters.

In addition to those listed, there are mountain systems in other parts of the world.

In Africa, unlike Asia, there are no such high mountains. Known for Kilimanjaro, whose name translates as "sparkling mountain", is located in Tanzania, the height is nine hundred meters.

In North America interesting massif of the Cordeliers. Most of it is located in the USA, but also passes through Canada and Mexico.

The ridge is located along the western part of the American continent, the length is over six hundred and fifty kilometers. Mount Robson, part of the part called the Rocky Mountains, rises to 3954 m.

In South America this massif continues with the Andes. This is the longest mountain range on Earth, the length is nine thousand kilometers, it is marked by an average height of four thousand meters.

The highest peak - Aconcagua (almost seven thousand meters) - is located in Argentina.

In Antarctica there are several mountain ranges. The height of the Vinson massif reaches 4892 m.

TOP 10 highest mountains in the world

Here is a list of the 10 highest peaks in the world in the table, listed in descending order:

Photos of these peaks can be easily found on the Internet.

Interesting fact! In the above list, the highest peaks represent the Himalayas - the most significant mountain system in the world.

The highest mountain in the world - what is the name, what height, climbing stories

As already noted, the largest mountain on the planet is Chomolungma. Any climber dreams of climbing it, but not everyone can boast of it.

Almost three hundred climbers and Sherpas died during the ascent to the top. Up to seven thousand successful expeditions were recorded, in which more than four thousand people participated.

The first attempt was made in 1921 and ended in failure. Success was achieved by Italian climbers only in 1953.

As you can see, there are many peaks on the planet that pose difficult tasks for a person.

But, conquering the mountain peaks, people, overcoming multiple difficulties, temper their character and improve themselves. Only a purposeful person will succeed in conquering the mountains.

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