Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia. Kadar mountains, hiking in the Kadar mountains, holidays in the Kadar mountains The highest heights of the Kodar mountains
GLACIERS OF KODARA, a natural monument of federal significance (Decision of the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR No. 199 dated September 24, 1986) in the Kalarsky district. Glaciers discovered in 1958 by geographer V. S. Preobrazhensky, are the only place modern glaciation. More than 30 glaciers are located in the center. parts of the ridge. Kodar on ter. Irkutsk region and Zab. cr. The Irkutsk part of the glacial region is included in the Vitim State. reserve. Zab. part - a natural monument with a total area of 6375 hectares. Glaciers are located 40-60 km to the west. from s. Chara on the axial watershed part of the ridge at the headwaters of the Bas rivers. rr. Chara (River Upper and Middle Sakukan, Byurokan, Kondrat, Taezhnaya) and Vitim (River Syulban, Oleniy, etc.) bass. The largest - glacier them. Soviet geographers and the glacier. E. Bobina, also significant areas have a variable glacier named after Preobrazhensky , glacier named after Nina Azarova , Kolosov glacier. Most of the glaciers are located in the upper reaches of the valleys and in glacial cirques (circuses) open in the northeast. side, in the carob-shaped upper reaches of trough valleys (river valleys formed by a mountain-valley glacier). A feature of glacial cirques Kodar are steep, almost sheer slopes, while in classical alpine-type glaciers, cirques are significantly expanded upwards. parts compared to the bottom. cf. the thickness of the glaciers is 54 m, the volume of ice is 0.83 km3. The firn line of glaciers (the height below which the long-term compacted snow (firn) does not turn into ice) on the ridge. Kodar passes at an altitude of 2200-2500 m, which is about 1000 m below the classical level of the occurrence of eternal glaciers. With a positive thermal balance, there should be no glaciers in this region, and this is another of their unique features. Modern glaciation is slowly degrading. On ter. Natural monuments are subject to nature protection. glacier complexes and rare animal species listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation, Chit. region and Aginsk. Boer. ed. env.: black-capped marmot and snow sheep. The natural monument is actively used as a tourist object (extreme, ecological, phototourism, etc.): more than 30 sports tourist routes pass directly along its territory, attracting annually more than 2000 ros. and foreign tourists. The organizer of trips and excursions is the department. local history and tourism of the Kalarsky local history museum. In the projected Kodarsky nat. park (see Kodar glacial region) the monument is supposed to be the core of ter.
Lit .: Preobrazhensky V. S. Kodarsky glacial district(Zab.) // Glaciology (IX section of the program of the international geophysical year). - M., 1960. - No. 4; Catalog of Glaciers of the USSR. - L., 1972. - v. 17, Issue. 2; Dolgushin L. D., Osipova G. B. Glaciers. - M., 1989; Plyusnin V. M. Glaciers Kodar // Udokan: preparation of ter. for development (ecological and geographical aspect). - Chita, 1992; Red Book Chit. region and Aginsk. Boer. ed. env.: Animals. - Chita, 2000; Red Book of the Russian Federation: Animals. - M., 2001.
Small Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia: natural heritage/ Ch. ed. R. F. Geniatulin. - Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2009. - 698 p.
When planning a route with overcoming water obstacles, you need to remember: due to weather conditions, the water rises sharply, relying on this factor, you need to think over emergency exits, have the skills and abilities to overcome water obstacles and the necessary equipment, and have several days in stock with a full supply of food, because we must remember that in the mountains the water both rises rapidly and falls quickly after the cessation of precipitation. Potentially dangerous sections on our route: Along the valley of the river. Taiga passing the canyon, the trail goes up and begins to traverse the slope with a length of about 1 km. along a small “living” scree, the steepness of the slope reaches 40 °, the danger is that with a rockfall from above you won’t run away much, there is a chance to “leave” down. In this section, I advise you to especially carefully observe the safety measures for passing rock-hazardous areas. 8. Interesting natural and historical objects on the route: Initially, when compiling the route, we followed the path through the most unique, amazing and popular places in the Central part of the ridge. Kodar for a better understanding and presentation of hr. Kodar. 1. The upper reaches of the Byurokan River (the most beautiful circuses, lakes with emerald water and the highest point of the Trans-Baikal Territory). 2. Ur.Zarod (it is not the lake that attracts attention, but the mountain located on the shore, resembling a haystack). 3. Ur. Chara sands (a miniature desert with small oases in the form of Lake Alyonushka). 4. Marble Gorge (in it from 1949 - 1951 there was a Borsky ITL - this is a camp where prisoners mined uranium, but as it turned out, it has a low radiation coefficient, so it was decided to close it. Now there are buildings, tools, 9. Climatogeographic characteristics of the Kodar region - mountain range, located in Transbaikalia, in the north of the Transbaikal Territory in the eastern part of the Stanovoy Upland. Extends over 240 km from west to east of the river. Vitim to the river. Tocco. In the South, the river is limited. Chara. Composed of granites and crystalline schists. The Kodar Ridge stands out sharply among the surrounding Siberian plateaus and middle mountains with a clearly defined alpine relief. Here it is highest point Transbaikalia - Bam Peak (3072 m), located in its middle part. The mountain dissection of Kodar reaches a two-kilometer span, "towers", "pyramids", "fangs" of rocky peaks menacingly rise. Modern Kodar is a combination of sharp hard-to-reach ridges, powerful peaks rising up over steep gorges, rocky walls, picturesque lakes, turbulent rivers, waterfalls and ice floes, and small glaciers. Modern glaciation covers an area of 15 square meters. km. The natural world of Kodar is extremely diverse. Here you can meet bears, foxes, squirrels, chipmunks, hares. The slopes of the mountains are covered with larch taiga. On the northwestern slope, the forest zone rises to 700-1400 m; in the southeast up to 1400 -1800 m. Above - thickets of cedar and birch elfin, mountain tundra. Stone birch, aspen, poplar, alder, pine, fir, and spruce are found in the forest zone. In July, an abundance of mushrooms; in August - mushrooms and berries: blueberries, currants, raspberries, cranberries. Lots of chipmunks. In the summer, an abundance of midges and midges and there is a taiga tick. The peak of the midge falls on ar and sh d a d Shch D N g a and; ; Of the representatives of r and with t and t e ^ b u ^ , b, the most remarkable is the cedar elfin, completely roaming, dsh] tsed. to ^ rtrsh ^ | rivers, at altitudes of 1300-1500 meters to the universal ;; private library to them. N.I. "l-si 5irs(~"-~
1) does the subject belonging to the eastern Siberian region occupy a large area? 1) Trans-Baikal Territory 2) Krasnoyarsk Territory 3) Irkutsk Region 2) RepublicBuryatia
3) what subject was formed on the basis of the merger of the Chita region and the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Region? 1) Irkutsk Region 2) Krasnoyarsk Territory 3) Buryatia 4) Trans-Baikal Territory
Novosibirsk region
2) The highest population density is typical for:
Kemerovo region
Krasnoyarsk Territory
Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Taimyr Autonomous Okrug
3) The indigenous peoples of the Far East include:
4) Which of the following cities is the largest in terms of the number of inhabitants
Novosibirsk
5) Which of the following cities is a major port center?
Vladivostok
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
6) Which of the economic regions is the leader in terms of population
Far East
Eastern Siberia
Western Siberia
7) The nature of Western Siberia is characterized by:
the predominance of a temperate monsoon climate
swamp spreader
the presence of a large number of karst landforms
the predominance of significant altitudes above sea level
8) The branch of industrial specialization of Eastern Siberia is:
ferrous metallurgy
non-ferrous metallurgy
fuel industry
chemical industry
9) The fuel industry is a branch of specialization:
Eastern Siberia
Far East
Western Siberia
10) Which of the industries occupies a large share in the sectoral structure of the industry of the Far East?
fuel
ferrous metallurgy
11) Select the type of industrial product that the Far East specializes in
tin concentrate
cars
chemical fibers
aluminum
12) Select the type of industrial product that Western Siberia specializes in
cars
coking coal
combine harvesters
13) Select the type of industrial product that Eastern Siberia specializes in
cellulose
tractors
textile products
aluminum
14) Establish a correspondence between the subjects of the Russian Federation and its capital.
1) Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Region a) Kyzyl
2) Republic of Tyva b) Barnaul
3) Altai Territory c) Salekhard
d) Gorno-Altaisk
15) Establish a correspondence between the subject of the Russian Federation and its capital.
1) Taimyr Autonomous Okrug a) Ulan-De
2) Republic of Khakassia b) Dudinka
3) Republic of Buryatia c) Abakan
d) Barnaul
16) Establish a correspondence between the subject of the Russian Federation and its capital.
1) Amur region a) Anadyr
2) Primorsky Krai b) Vladivostok
3) Chukotka Ao c) Blagoveshchensk
d) Khabarovsk
Help me please!!!Write the characteristics of the Atlas Mountains (Africa) according to the plan:
1. Determine which cards are needed for the description;
2. In what part of the mainland is the landform located;
3. Which direction is it stretching;
4. What are the approximate dimensions;
5. What is the highest height, the prevailing heights;
6. If possible, find out what is the origin of the landform.
Thanks in advance :3
Expedition routes: Ridge Kodar (mountainous)
In the north of the Chita region, where the territories of Yakutia and Buryatia, the Irkutsk and Amur regions closely converge, there is a country of contrasts and surprises - the Chara hollow with the Kodar and Udokan ranges surrounding it. More recently, only a specialist geographer knew about these places, and the word “tourist” was not in the dictionary at all. local residents. Now books are written about Kodar, Udokan and Char, and their beauties are shown in films. Many people dream of coming here. The popularity of this region of Transbaikalia is explained by the fact that it has several strong “magnets” that attract a restless tribe of travelers from all over Russia. First of all, this is the Kodar Range, which stands out sharply among the surrounding Siberian plateaus and middle mountains with a clearly defined alpine relief. Here is the highest point of Transbaikalia, here the mountain dismemberment reaches a two-kilometer span, here “towers”, “pyramids” and “fangs” of rocky peaks menacingly rise. A lover of mountain travel can go through five or six passes in Kodar in one trip, half of which, according to the tourist scale, will be rated at least 2 A of difficulty category. In other words, Kodar is the “Transbaikal Alps”. In addition, Kodar is the only range in Transbaikalia that has modern glaciation. Three dozen Kodar glaciers in size (length up to 2 km or more) and in total area surpass the known Ural glaciation. Discovered only in the 50s, the glaciers immediately became the “highlight” of the area.
The most powerful uplift of the Kodar, which carries almost all the glaciation of the region, is located in the Central Kodar region, which stretches from the Leprinda Lakes to the northeast along the Apsat pass for almost 100 km, reaching its highest height in the region of the Upper and Middle Sakukan rivers. In the upper reaches of the Upper Sakukan is the highest point of the Kodar Range and the entire Transbaikalia - the BAM peak (3073m). In the vicinity of the BAM peak, most of the Kodar objects of interest from a tourist point of view are concentrated: Leningradets (2780m), Glaciologist (2773m), Chara (2815m), Glacier (2807m), Snezhny, Gelfgata, Vodopadny, UPI, Ptichy, Spartak peaks. On this site Kodar is impassable. The passes are difficult and rocky. The slopes are rocky, often there are walls and cliffs, glaciers of a large area. Most of the tourist routes on Kodar pass through this interesting area, intersecting in the area of the HMS base in the upper reaches of the Middle Sakukan.
The route along the Central Kodar is designed for tourists who are not making their first trip to the mountains. Basic skills in mountainous terrain and rope handling are required to participate. The route includes several passes of 2 A category of difficulty. The group's path runs through rocky areas, glaciers and impassable river valleys. Several overnight stays are organized in the alpine zone above the forest line, including on the glacier. It should be noted the extreme abundance of midges in the area. The route ends on the Chara Sands, which are located 5 km west of the village. Chara and 8 km northeast of Novaya Chara, between the Upper and Middle Sakukan rivers. The Chara Sands (their area is rather big - 45 sq. km) is an unusual place. Everything here is like in a real desert. But there is something that you will not see anywhere except for Transbaikalia: next to the warm yellow sand, blue cold ice adjoins; among the sandy ridges you suddenly come across an oasis, but not with palm trees, but with northern larches. Around the sands are mountains covered with snow even in summer; dunes break off into swamps, then into lakes. In the southwest of the sands there is Lake Taiga, and in the northeast - Alyonushka. Here you can relax, wash away the tiredness of the march, just lie on the shore. You can go on an excursion to the desert or drink mineral water from a spring near Lake Alyonushka.
the duration of the active part of the route is 9 days; route length - 90 km.