The history of the name of the city Yuriev Polish. Central Russia. Archaeological monuments of the Yuryev-Polsky region
The city of Yuriev-Polskaya is one of several fortified cities founded by Yuri Dolgoruky in northeastern Rus'. The year of foundation of Yuriev-Polsky is 1152. In the same year, Yuri founded Pereslavl-Zalessky, and two years later - Dmitrov, and received its name in honor of the prince and his heavenly patron - St. Georgy (Egoriya, Yuriy). The prefix “Polish” comes not from the country of Poland, but from the fields among which Yuriev stands. The fact is that the city is located in a natural area called the Suzdal Opolye - a hilly area with forest-steppe vegetation, surrounded by dense forests. The prefix “Polish” distinguishes the city from its two namesakes - Estonian Tartu, which from 1030 to 1224 was called Yuryev, and the White Church, located near Kyiv, which, before its destruction by the Mongol-Tatars in 1240, also bore the name Yuryev. The city was built to repel the raids of nomads and Yuryev-Polskaya became the stronghold of Opole.
Unlike the older fortresses of Vladimir and Suzdal, which were built depending on the natural conditions of protection - the height of ravines, rivers - the city builders of Yuri Dolgoruky build princely fortresses where circumstances and the prince’s urban planning plans require it. They built a city on the banks of the Koloksha, near the mouth of its tributary, the Gza River. It is possible that from the west the fortress was covered by a hollow of a small stream or a ravine that approached Koloksha. The plan of the fortress has an almost circular shape; it was surrounded by well-preserved high ramparts with wooden walls. Its perimeter reached 1000 m, and the shaft, 12 m wide at the base, had a height of up to 7 m. The shaft and walls opened three times, forming gates to three roads: to Vladimir, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky and Moscow. Behind the fortress there was a settlement, the inhabitants of which took refuge behind the fortress walls in the event of an enemy attack. This gives an idea of the scale of the fortress construction of Yuri Dolgoruky.
From the city square we will enter the ring of ramparts. In front of us is a perspective of the street, closed by the huge brick mass of the Trinity Cathedral, and on the left are the white towers and walls of the princely Michael the Archangel Monastery, which arose in the 13th century under Svyatoslav and occupied the north-eastern section of the fortress. The existing buildings date back to later times, the 17th-18th centuries.
The western wall of the monastery fence has preserved ancient wall XVII century and three old towers. The wall has foot fireplaces, hinged loopholes and slits for firing from the combat flooring, which lay on the arches from inside the fence. The towers have been heavily rebuilt and have lost their combat appearance. The remaining parts of the fence are later.
At the same time, the white-stone St. George Church was founded in the center of the new princely fortress city. St. George's Cathedral was built in 1230-1234 on the site of an ancient church from 1152. The first church stood for less than a hundred years, and, judging by the chronicles, it was destroyed during an earthquake: “May 3 the earth shook and the churches were torn apart.” In the same year, Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich of Yuryev, son of Prince Vsevolod III of Suzdal, ordered to dismantle the rubble and begin construction of a new cathedral.
The construction of the new cathedral was completed in 1234. St. George's Cathedral was decorated with rich stone carvings. Stones with skillfully carved relief images of people, animals, birds and plants were laid out in such a way that they formed integral plot pictures. In the mid-1460s. the cathedral unexpectedly collapsed, but not entirely. From the current white stone masonry you can see the boundary of the collapse - it goes obliquely, from the upper north-west corner to the lower south-east. After the collapse, Moscow Prince Ivan III ordered the cathedral to be restored as soon as possible. Restoration work was entrusted to the famous Moscow architect and contractor Vasily Dmitrievich Ermolin of the St. George Cathedral in Yuryev-Polsky.
St. George's Cathedral was the swan song of Vladimir-Suzdal art. Four years after the completion of its decoration, hordes of Mongols fell on Rus'...
In the XII-XIII centuries, the role of Yuryev-Polsky was insignificant. Not far from the city in 1177, a battle took place between the Vladimir people and the Rostov people, which ended in the victory of the Vladimir prince Vsevolod III Yuryevich (Big Nest). The second major battle - the Battle of Lipitsa - took place in 1216; this time the Rostov troops won. In 1212, Yuryev became the center of a small appanage principality, the son of Vsevolod III Svyatoslav ruled here.
Even Yuryev did not escape the Tatar-Mongol yoke: in 1238, 1382 and 1408 it was devastated by the Horde. During the strengthening of the Moscow Principality, the small city came under the patronage of Moscow and was more than once handed over “for feeding” to the princely vassals. It is known that in the 15th century it was the patrimony of the Lithuanian prince Svidrigailo, and in the 16th century - the Kazan Khan Abdul-Letif and after him the Astrakhan prince Kaibula.
Yuryev accepted the rule of Moscow calmly. But when, during the Time of Troubles in 1609, the city was taken by Polish-Lithuanian troops and False Dmitry II intended to give it also “to feed” the Kasimov prince Magomed Murat, the Yuryevites, led by Fyodor the Red, rebelled.
After the Polish-Lithuanian devastation, Yuryev-Polskoy began to live the life of a quiet provincial town. Since 1708, it became part of the Moscow province. The status of a city was officially assigned to it already under Catherine II - in 1778; then it became the center of the Vladimir governorate district. In the county town in the middle of Opole, life was leisurely, but it left many traces on its streets and alleys. Actually, even now Yuriev attracts both tourists and filmmakers precisely because of the preservation of its ancient flavor.
During the campaign of the noble prince Yaroslav the Wise against the Estonians, a fortress was erected on the floodplain of the Emajõgi River around which fortified settlements appeared, one of which was Yuryev. These settlements were located on trade routes and were of great strategic importance.
The answer is Tartu.
This city was founded on the Omzha River. Then it received the name Yuriev, and before that the ancient Estonians settled there and the settlement was called Tarbatu. Therefore, in our time this city belongs to Estonia and is called Tartu.
The correct answer to the question is number four. This city Tartu.
The only thing is that it was renamed more than once. At first it was Yuoev, then Dorpat (Drpt), and now it is called Tartu.
Many cities had several names. The city was built and given one name, and centuries later it was renamed as a result of capture or for another reason. In Estonia, some cities also changed their names. This is how Tallinn was called Kolyvan, Revel and Lindanise. The city of Tartu changed its name twice: Tarbatu - Yuryev - Tartu. Yuryev received its name after a fortress built by Yaroslav the Wise appeared on the site of the Tarbatu settlement.
The answer is Tartu (fourth option).
Currently it is the Estonian city of Tartu. Also bore the name Dorpat. Belonged in different time Kievan Rus, Novgorod, Denmark, Livonians, Rzeczpospolita, Germans, Russia, USSR and now Estonia. Famous for its university, founded by the Swedes, which will be 400 years old in 2032.
Of the proposed answer options, the city of Yuryev is now called Tartu. However, under Yaroslav the Wise in the 11th century, at least one more city was called Yuriev (also named after the prince, since the Orthodox name Yaroslav is Yuri) - Bila Tserkva. Thus, the cities that were built by Yaroslav the Wise in the 11th century are now known as: Tartu (Estonia), Bila Tserkva (Ukraine).
Nowadays, the city in question in the question bears the name Tartu. It is worth noting that the city has undergone a name change more than once. This city was also called Yuryev, and also bore the name Dorpat, but has now become Tartu.
The city, which at first bore the name Tarbatu, was captured by Yaroslav the Wise in 1030. Naturally, he wanted to give the city a new name. In a modest decision, he named the city Yuryev (based on his own Christian name).
Until 1919, the city bore the name given to it during the capture, but Estonia was able to knock out the Red Army and returned the city a name similar to the original - Tartu. This is what the city is called nowadays.
The city of Yuryev was founded by Yaroslav the Wise in 1030. The name of the city is given in honor of the Christian name Yaroslav. The city bore this name from its foundation until 1224, then it was renamed Dorpat. Since 1993, the city has returned to its old name - Yuryev. But since 1918 it has had a name that has survived to this day - Tartu. The city is the second most populous in Estonia after Tallinn.
This city was founded in 1030 by the Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise. And they called it Yuryev (Gyurgev), because that’s what Yaroslav would be in a Christian way. Why is this city compared to modern Tartu, because it was in Tartu that excavations took place already in our time in the 20th century in 1956 and the ancient settlement of Yuriev was found. Tartu was not a political center, but it was an important strategic one.
The correct answer to the question will be exactly number four - Tartu(Estonia).
In 1030 Yaroslav the Wise founded new town, which was named the city of Yuryev. But nowadays this city is called Tartu. This city is located in Estonia. So the correct answer is option number 4.
Yuryev-Polsky/Gergev Grad
Coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky
The city of Yuryev-Polsky was founded in 1152 by the Suzdal prince Yuri Dolgoruky on the banks of the Koloksha River.
The present road from Moscow to Vladimir is a later one, and now even runs through large forests, which previously, in all likelihood, were impassable; Moreover, not a single village reminds us that in the old days there was a dwelling here. Moscow, which was originally in the possession of the Princes of Suzdal, should have had a direct path to it. On this route, the prince founded the city of Yuryev-Polsky. From Suzdal itself to Yuryev and further along the road, the so-called Stromynka ( Stromynskaya road), numerous mounds and fortifications stretch at a close distance from each other, proving the population of this region. The Stromynskaya road from Yuryev-Polsky passed through Kirzhach, Chernogolovka, the village of Aristovskoye (Aristov Pogost), Pehra-Pokrovskoye and reached the Moscow River, which was the southern border of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. This route from Suzdal to Moscow remained the main one until the 18th century, as can be seen from the acts. Thus, from the expense lists of the monastic servants of the Suzdal Intercession Monastery who went to Moscow with hay money in 1690, it is clear that when traveling to Moscow, they stopped in Yuryev Polsky, in the village. Ilyinsky (Kolchuginsky district) we spent the night, in the village of Zheldybine (Kirzhachsky district) we fed, in the village of Stromyn we spent the night, on Klyazma we fed, in the village of Pekhre we drank kvass in passing, and then we arrived in Moscow. Two days later, we drove from Moscow back to Suzdal, fed in the village of Pekhre, spent the night in Klyazma, fed in the village of Stromyn, spent the night in the village of Khrapkov, bought bread while passing in the village of Kirzhach, fed in the village of Lodygine and arrived in Suzdal.
The Koloksha River and the fortress rampart of the 12th century.
In the chronicles, the city was originally called Gyurgev or Gergev - after the name of its founder Georgy (Yuri) Dolgoruky. The second part of the name - from the word “field”, the city stands on the Suzdal Opolye - appeared to clarify the location, due to the existence of other cities during this period:
The name of the city speaks for the fact that Yuri Dolgoruky, it seems, built it as his own residence. However, his other brainchild - Pereslavl Zalessky - turned out to be more successful. Dolgoruky didn’t really manage to live in Yuryev. Dolgoruky was captivated by the beauty of the place. He needed a stronghold among the rebellious Mary.
Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky in Yuryev-Polsky
See Foundation of Yuriev-Polsky.
On June 27, 1177, near the Gza River, Vsevolod Georgievich, because of the grand-ducal throne, fought with the Rostovites, led by Mstislav Rostislavich.
In 1177, Mstislav Rostislavich, uniting with the Ryazan prince Gleb, again attacked Vsevolod on the Koloksha River.
In 1177, the battle of Koloksha near Pruskova Mountain took place here. According to S. Sheremetev, on the old route from Vladimir to Yuryev, the village of Stavrovo stands near the Koloksha River, 27 versts from the city. 6 versts from Stavrov there is the owner’s village of Turino, the Volochka River flows through it, flowing into the Koloksha River on the right. Nearby is the Kakovinsky Forest tract, and near the village there is Babaeva Mountain, still called Pruskova, and near the village of Turin there is Prussian Field.
In 1211, Vsevolod III the Big Nest, on the day of Yuri II’s wedding, granted Yuri’s young wife Agafia the city of Yuryev on the Kze and Koloksha rivers for life.
After the death of Vsevolod III, the Big Nest Yuryev became the center of a small appanage principality that belonged to the grandson of Yuri Dolgoruky, Prince Vladimir Vsevolodovich. The future Prince of Yuryev Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich is at the court of his brother and Prince of Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich, but then runs to the court of his opponent Konstantin, Prince of Rostov and the eldest of Vsevolod’s sons. In winter, Vladimir Vsevolodovich, not wanting to reign in Yuryev, fled to Volok and went over to the side of Konstantin, with whose support he later became the prince of Moscow.
Yuri gave Yuryev to his brother Svyatoslav. The grandson of Dolgoruky, the son of Vsevolod (and the Czech princess Mary), Prince Svyatoslav III Vsevolodovich in 1212 received the city of Yuryev as an inheritance (1212 - 1238 and 1248 - 1253).
OK. 1212 - formation of the Yuryev Principality (ca. 1212 - 1345). Capital Yuriev-Polsky.
During the reign of Svyatoslav III Vsevolodovich, the princely St. Michael the Archangel Monastery was founded in the city fortress.
The fortress, newly built by Yuri Dolgoruky, was built in 1152. stone church George. The son of Vsevolod III, Svyatoslav, having become the ruler of Yuryev and its region, destroyed his grandfather’s building in 1230, since, according to the chronicle, it “had become dilapidated and broken.” In its place, by 1234, a new stone church had already been built, which the prince decorated more magnificently than other churches, for, as the chronicler says, the saints “wonderful velmi” were carved from stone outside the entire church. The Trinity chapel of the cathedral was also decorated with carved stone.
See St. George's Cathedral in Yuriev Polsky
In 1238, 1382 and 1408. Yuryev was ruined by the Tatar-Mongols.
In 1344, the Yuriev Principality became part of the Great Moscow Principality.
In 1350, Nikon of Radonezh (1350-1426), the future abbot of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, a disciple of St. Sergius of Radonezh, was born in Yuryev-Polsky.
In 1352, Yuryev suffered from a severe pestilence.
In 1382, Yuriev was taken by troops of Khan Tokhtamysh.
In 1408, Yuriev was ruined by the de facto ruler of the Golden Horde, Beklyari-bek Edigei.
1408 - Grand Duke Vasily Dmitrievich gave Yuryev, along with Vladimir, Pereslavl and other cities, as an appanage to the Lithuanian prince Svidrigailo Olgerdovich, who owned the appanage for about 5 months, and then left for Lithuania again.
1408 - The Yuryev-Polsky district was engulfed by a pestilence - the plague. Sources report this: “The living buried the dead in order to take their place tomorrow. People hid, the city froze. Quiet and alarming, like before a thunderstorm.”
1422 - there was a famine in Yuryev. Residents ate horses, dogs and cats. Many townspeople died.
In 1445, Prince Vasily the Dark with the Moscow army and Nizhny Novgorod governors marched through Yuryev against the Tatar leader Makhmet with his sons Memutek and Yakuba, but near Suzdal on July 6, 1445 they were defeated by the Tatars.
1445 - the approximate time of the collapse of the stone St. George's Cathedral.
In 1471, Vasily Dmitrievich Ermolin restored St. George's Cathedral. “In the city of Yuryev in Polski there was a stone church of St. George... and everything was carved into stone, and everything fell apart to the ground; By order of the Great Prince, Vasily Dmitriev assembled that church all over again and erected it, as before” (Ermolin Chronicle).
In 1477, the Moscow architect Vasily Ermolin sent a wooden sculpture of St. George as a gift to St. George's Cathedral and in memory of its restoration. Now it is on display at the City Historical, Architectural and Art Museum.
1490 - governor in Yuryev - Prince Daniil Vasilyevich Shchenya.
1493 - governor in Yuryev - Semyon Karpovich Karpov.
In 1508, Grand Duke Vasily III gave Yuryev to feed the former Kazan king Abdul-Letif (Abdul-Latif).
1519 – governor in Yuryev – Fyodor Ivanovich Karpov.
1535 - a new wooden cathedral church with a chapel of the Prophet Elijah was erected, “at the expense of Grand Duke Vasily Ioannovich.”
1550 - governor in Yuryev - Astrakhan prince Kaibula.
1548 - governor of the guard regiment in Yuryev - boyar Prince Yuri Mikhailovich Bulgakov.
In 1555, through the zeal of M.I. Kubensky, near the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky Monastery, a stone fence of 40 fathoms was erected and “three large towers were built on it, with a tent top.”
1584 - governor in Yuryev - Mikhail Evstafievich Pushkin.
1606 - the first written mention of the Galician chety, under whose jurisdiction Yuriev-Polsky was also a member. The Galician quarter was in charge of the following cities: Belev, Galich, Karachev, Kashin, Kologriv, Kolomna, Kashira, Mtsensk, Meshchovsk, Novosil, Parfenyev, Rostov, Sol-Galitskaya, Sudai, Suzdal, Unzha, Chukhloma, Shuya, Yuryev-Zapolsky.
1608 - October 8 (18) Vladimir voivode and supporter of Vasily Shuisky T.F. Seitov set out on a campaign from Vladimir at the head of the Vladimir and Murom militias to counter the Tushino detachments. He passed through Yuryev, joined the detachment of Shuisky’s supporters, but due to the capture of Pereyaslavl by the Tushins, he left for Rostov. In Yuryev, supporters of False Dmitry II prevailed.
1608 - October 12 (22) Yuryev's embassy arrived in Tushino and took the oath to False Dmitry. False Dmitry appoints Fyodor Bolotnikov, an elected nobleman from Suzdal, as governor of Yuryev.
1608 - October 15 (25), Seitov’s detachment, which apparently included Yuryevites, was defeated near Rostov by Tushins from Pereyaslavl. The Tushins captured Rostov.
1608 - Yuryev and Pereslavl in the era of impostors - a collection point for the children of the boyars who were sent to serve.
1608/09 - in winter, Yuryevsky nobles take part in the actions of supporters of False Dmitry against supporters of Shuisky in Zamoskovye and Pomorie.
1609 - at the beginning of the year, the Administration of False Dmitry managed to curb the detachments of beaters, but the Tushino regiments of J. Mikulinsky and J. Stravinsky arrived in Yuryevsky district to collect taxes. Their people dismantled the palace volosts of Simskaya, Turabevskaya, Nekomornskaya, Skomovskaya and Lychevskaya into bailiffs and are opposing the attempts of their own king False Dmitry to distribute possessions in the district to other people.
1609 - March False Dmitry granted the son of the Kasimov king Uraz-Magmet Magmed-Murat “Yuryev-Polsky settlement, and tamga, and kobaki and all sorts of dakhods that had previously happened to Tsarevich Kaibula.” Stravinsky refused to comply with the order.
1609 - March 27 (April 6), the people of Vladimir, having received help from Nizhny Novgorod and Murom, rose up against the Tushino people.
1609 - in May, the Yuryevsky governor Bolotnikov wrote to Sapega, the military leader of False Dmitry, about the transfer of part of the Yuryevsky nobles to the side of Shuisky’s supporters who rebelled in Vladimir, and asked for help. At the same time, most of the residents of the district preferred to wait for the decisive victories of government troops over the Tushins.
1609 - in December, the impostor fled from Tushino. The Tushino camp collapsed.
1610 - in August Moscow swore allegiance to the Polish prince Vladislav. In response, many cities went over to the side of False Dmitry II, who settled in Kaluga, including those that had previously stubbornly fought against him, because at that time, the impostor turned out to be the only banner around which the anti-Polish movement could rally.
August 19 (29), 1610 Yuriev-Polsky again swears allegiance to False Dmitry.
1611 - governor in Yuryev - Prince Ivan Semenovich Kurakin, a native of a decaying aristocratic family, who made a career under False Dmitry I and Vasily Shuisky. Since the autumn of 1610, he was a member of the Seven Boyars, the pro-Polish government in Moscow, and belonged to that part of it that actively collaborated with the Poles.
1611, February - Prince Ivan Kurakin, governor of Yuryev-Polsky and a supporter of the Poles, learned about the gathering of anti-Polish forces in Vladimir. Together with Prince Ivan Borisovich Cherkassky, he moved to Vladimir. The leader of the rebels in Suzdal, Prosovetsky, found out about this, and sent his Cossacks to help the people of Vladimir. On February 11, in the battle of Vladimir, Kurakin was defeated, Cherkassky was captured, and his surviving people fled.
1611, March - a detachment of anti-Polish militias (Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Rostov, Romanov), led by Fyodor Volkonsky, Ivan Ivanovich Volynsky, Vasily Pronsky, arrived in Pereyaslavl, where they were joined by Pereyaslav militias. The combined detachment moved to join the Vladimir people. Kurakin, the governor of Yuriev-Polsky, who was stationed in Kirzhach, sent a detachment against them. In the battle near Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda, the anti-Polish militia won and captured many of Kurakin’s people. Kurakin leaves for Moscow. Yuryev-Polsky was burned in 1612.
1613 - for the first time the Yuryev Kozmodemyansk Church is mentioned in documents.
1616 - in June, the governor, Prince D.P., was sent to Suzdal against the Cossacks operating in Opole. Lopata-Pozharsky. He was given 476 boyar children, among whom were military men from Yuryev-Polsky. There were no major clashes with the Cossacks, because There is no information about this either in the discharge books or in the book of seunches of 1613-1619.
1621 - governor in Yuryev - Ivan Metelkin.
1622 - governor in Yuryev - Sava Mikhailovich Pestrovo.
1625 - the two-story Znamenskaya Refectory Church was built, in 1792 a chapel of the Holy Prophet Elijah was built on its right side, moved here from the abolished church, and in 1814 a chapel in the name of the Kazan Most Holy Theotokos was added.
1625 - governor in Yuryev - Mikhail Elizarovich Bormosov.
1630 - a new cell church appears in the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky Monastery, consecrated in honor of the Prophet Elijah.
1630 - on northern border In Yuryevsky Posad, the warm Pyatnitskaya Church was rebuilt.
1631 - governor in Yuryev - Ivan Ivanovich Kosagov.
1634 - governor in Yuryev - Ivan Kosachev.
1634 - governor in Yuryev - Mikhail Elizarovich Bormosov.
1634 - governor in Yuryev - Mikhail Vasilyevich Miloslavsky.
1635 - until 1636, the governor in Yuryev was Vladimir Ivanovich Kozlovsky.
1646 - governor in Yuryev - Karp Panteleevich Kazimirov.
1646 - in the census book for the city of Yuryev it is written: “In total, in Yuryev-Polsky there are 192 households in the settlement of townspeople and all kinds of artisans. There are 284 people in them.” In addition, church properties on the town's land are described (including the Vvedenskaya and Assumption churches). Separately, the Kremlin: “In total, in Yuryev-Polsky, on the settlement in the Kremlin City on monastic land, there are two courtyards of servants, 37 households of Bobylsky and 70 people in them (source: census book of the city of Yuryev-Polsky 1646 (RGADA, F. 1209 op. 1)).
From 1647 to 1649, the governor in Yuryev was Taras Stepanovich Suvorov.
From 1649 to 1652 incl. governor in Yuryev - Sila Ivanovich Ogarev.
1652 - a new wooden Church of the Resurrection of Christ was built in Yuryev-Polsky Posad. The previous one, standing in the same place, has been known since the first floor. XVII century
1653 - governor in Yuryev - Ivan Mikhailovich Sekirin.
1654, December 1-6 - pestilence in Yuryev Polsky, 1148 people died, 409 survived (source: Additions to the Historical Acts, collected and published by the Archaeographic Commission. Volume 3. St. Petersburg, 1848).
1664 - governor in Yuryev - Semyon Nashchokin.
1665 - governor in Yuryev - Prokofy Semenovich Mertvago.
1666 - in memory of the Monk Nikon, the miracle worker of Radonezh, the residents of Yuryev erected the Nikon Church.
1666 - the wooden church in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was abolished.
1667 - by decree of the Moscow Cathedral, Yuriev Polsky was assigned to the Suzdal diocese.
In 1670, a five-domed Theological Church was built over the holy gates of the Archangel Michael Monastery.
In 1671 and 1672, the governor in Yuryev was Roman Matov.
In 1675 and 1676, the governor in Yuryev was Leonty Ivanovich Kiselev.
In 1677 and 1678, the governor in Yuryev was Grigory Afanasyevich Tregubov.
1677 - in the scribe book for the township of the city of Yuryev-Polsky it is written: “There are 192 townspeople’s yards in total, and the yard of the landowners, and the soldier’s yard, and the empty yard. There are 195 households in both. There are 594 people in them (meaning men)... Yes, in Yuryev-Polsky in the last 189 (?) year (1670), peasant children from the villages of Smerdovo, Gorodishchi and Sorogoshino came from the palace volosts... And all in Yuryev-Polsky on settlement of merchants and all sorts of residential craft people and incomers 197 households. There are 614 people in them.”
1685 - Princess Sophia and the Russian Tsars Ivan V and Peter I attended a pilgrimage in the Yuryev-Polsky Michael-Arkhangelsk Monastery.
1686 - governor in Yuryev - Grigory Afanasyevich Tregubov.
1687 - governor and governor in Yuryev - Duma nobleman Nikita Ivanovich Akinfov.
1693 - governor in Yuryev - Vasily Antipyevich Konoplin.
1700 - governor in Yuryev - Afanasy Naryshkin.
1705 - on the site of the Assumption and Nikitskaya churches, located next to the Michael-Arkhangelsk Monastery, the Church of the Annunciation was built, which existed throughout the 18th century.
In 1708 the city was assigned to Moscow province.
Plan of the city of Yuryev-Polsky, beginning. XVIII century
1708 - governor in Yuryev - Pyotr Ogarev.
1710 - On September 15, there was a big fire in Yuryev, the Nikonovsky Monastery burned down (the stone Nikonovskaya and wooden Nikolskaya churches burned down) and Gostiny Dvor.
The beginning of secular school education in Russia was made Peter I. In 1714, digital schools began to be created, into which the children of nobles, clerks, servicemen and townspeople were recruited. They had to learn “tsifiri” (i.e. arithmetic) and some part of geometry.
1716 - teachers were sent to the provinces of Russia. In the Vladimir Territory, only in Yuryev-Polsky a digital school was created, where 18 children “from the nobility” studied. The townspeople asked the Senate not to force their children to study, since they should help their parents at home.
In 1719, the vast Moscow province was newly divided into 9 provinces. These were: Vladimir, Moscow, Pereslavl-Ryazan, Kostroma, Suzdal, Yuryev-Polsk, Pereslavl-Zalessk, Tula and Kaluga provinces.
Yuryev-Polsky appointed as a provincial town Yuryev-Polish province Moscow province. The province included the cities of Shuya and Lukh.
1722 - nuns from the Intercession Monastery were transferred to the Nikolo-Vvedensky Monastery.
1727 - Yuryev becomes the center of the Yuryev-Polsky province of the Moscow province.
1730 (c.) - Bishop Athanasius of Suzdal and Yuryevsk (Paisios Kondoidi, d. 1737) annexed the Assumption and Annunciation city churches to the St. George Cathedral.
1735, on October 10, the shopping arcade burned down for the second time, and in 1856 it was rebuilt.
1736 - “under the rector, Archimandrite Leonty, the entire fence was built of stone and there were four small towers along it” (previously, see 1555).
1763 - construction of the Vvedensky Church began (finished in 1766).
1763 - St. George's Church and the archimandrite building were erected on the territory of the Archangel Michael Monastery.
1763 - Catherine II gave the Decree to the Commission on Stone Construction to develop new regular plans for all cities. A similar plan was drawn up for Yuryev.
In 1767, the head of the city of Yuryev-Polsky was Dmitry Bakhmetev. See Order from the merchants of the city of Yuryev-Polsky in 1767
1780 - the Ascension Cemetery Church was built at the expense of the residents of Yuryev.
Coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky
The coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky was approved along with the rest of the coats of arms of the Vladimir governorship on August 16, 1781.
Coat of arms of Yuryev-Polsky
Description of the coat of arms:
in the upper part is the coat of arms of Vladimir; in the lower part “in a silver field of natural color there are two boxes filled with cherries, which this city abounds in.”
Materials from an article by O. Revo in the journal “Science and Life” No. 12, 1987 were used.
In the second half. XIX century a draft coat of arms of Yuriev-Polsky was drawn up according to the rules developed by B. Kene. In a silver field there are three cherry berries with cuttings and leaves. In the free part is the coat of arms of the Vladimir province. The coat of arms was not officially approved.
The image of the coat of arms was reconstructed from the badge issued by the Moscow ETPK.
1781 - in Yuryev-Polsky, a high four-tier bell tower in the classicist style was added to the western porch of St. George's Cathedral, replacing the old hipped one.
1785 - The Holy Vvedensky Yuryevsky Monastery was surrounded on three sides by a stone fence at the expense of the Yuryev merchant Peter Kartsev.
1789 - April 16, the Church of the Intercession was flooded during the flood of the Koloksha River.
1792 - construction of the Archangel Cathedral began (finished in 1806).
1792 - cold stone church on the former. Kosmodemyansky Lane (now Avangardsky Lane) was consecrated in honor of the Nativity of Christ. The side chapels, also cold, were consecrated in the name of St. Martyrs Paraskeva and St. unmercenaries Kozma and Damian.
1792 - construction of the warm Boris and Gleb Church began next to the cold Church of the Nativity of Christ (construction was completed in 1808).
1792 - the first gymnasium was opened in Yuryev-Polsky.
1794 - Yuriev merchant Dmitry Mikhailov Kurbatov and other citizens were allowed to renew the Peter and Paul Church without violating the throne.
1796 - in May, the restoration of the Yuryev merchant D.M. was consecrated in Yuryev. Kurbatov old wooden church of Peter and Paul.
1796 - a single-altar church was built next to the Church of the Intercession in honor of the martyr Nikita.
Yuriev Vicariate
The Yuriev Vicariate of the Vladimir Diocese was established in 1907.
On November 23, 1907, Emperor Nicholas II approved the report of the Holy Synod “On the establishment in the Vladimir diocese at local funds of the department of the second vicar bishop, with the naming of him Muromsky and with the renaming of the first vicar Bishop of Yuryevsky and on the existence of the rector of the Tver Theological Seminary, Archimandrite Eugene, as bishop Muromsky."
- Alexander (Trapitsyn) (November 23, 1907 - May 29, 1912).
- Evgeny (Mertsalov) (June 14, 1912 - November 17, 1919).
- Boris (Sokolov) (November 21 - December 9, 1919)
- Hierotheus (Pomerantsev) (January 8 - July 3, 1920)
On July 3, 1920, Bishop Ierofey (Pomerantsev) of Yuryevsk was transferred to the Ivanovo-Voznesensk diocese, after which he became known as Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Yuryevsky, which meant the abolition of the vicariate.
Revived in 1930
- Chrysogon (Ivanovsky) (January 13, 1931 - April 14, 1932)
- Pavel (Chistyakov) (April 14 - June 23, 1932)
- Chrysogon (Ivanovsky) (June 23, 1932 - August 1935)
- Alexander (Toropov) (August 26 - September 8, 1935)
- Chrysogon (Ivanovsky) (September 1935 - March 30, 1937)
After 1937 it was not replaced.
See Diocese of Alexander. In 1837, after moving from the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky, the heir, Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, arrived on May 12 in Yuryev-Polsky at 12 o'clock at night. The Kiev Hussar Regiment, located here, took up a guard of honor at the Tsarevich’s apartment. Early in the morning of May 12, the Sovereign Heir prayed in the ancient St. George Cathedral, built in the 13th century, examined its ancient (13th century) stone cross with the crucifixion of the Lord and received the local district leader of the nobility A.I. Pushkevich, with nobles and other district officials. I examined the sights of the city - the Kremlin, fenced by an ancient earthen rampart in which the cathedral and the Arkhangelsk Monastery are located. looking at the Lipetsk field and the banks of the Kzy (Gza) river, which were in the 12th and 13th centuries. the site of the great battle between the Suzdalians and the Novgorodians with their princes, at 7 o’clock in the morning he deigned to set off on his further journey through Gavrilovsky Posad (Suzdal district) to Suzdal.
In 1854, the Yuryevsk Society of Agriculture was established.
The Yuryevsk Society of Agriculture, according to its charter, annually, at its annual meeting, organized private exhibitions of rural works and agricultural industry in the meeting places of this regular meeting: the district mountain. Yuryev-Polsky; the village of Veski, the patrimony of the president of the society, Privy Councilor V.V. Kalachova; village of Ratislovo, estate of the vice-president of the company N.N. Tsvileneva; village of Zavalina (Pokrovsky district), estate of an honorary member of the society, senator, lieutenant general N.I. Kruzenshtern. At these exhibitions, tests of agricultural machines and agricultural tools were carried out, competitions for plowmen and the distribution of awards to hardworking and sober workers.
In 1854, an exhibition of rural and urban works was held in the city of Yuryev-Polsky - on the occasion of the opening of the Yuryev Agriculture Society.
In 1861, an exhibition of rural works and industry was held in the province. Vladimir, organized by the Yuryevsky Society of Agriculture.
In 1873-1877. Trading rows (Gostiny Dvor) were built on retail space on the site of the burnt building of the Gostiny Dvor from Catherine's times. There is no courtyard in the Trade Rows. Along the rows there is a wooden gallery with carved columns.
See Yuryev-Polsky shopping arcades
1874 - in July, the Vvedensky Convent was officially transferred to the Peter and Paul Church and renamed Peter and Paul.
1874 - the position of a police supervisor was established in Yuryev.
1877 - construction of stone shopping arcades was completed.
1877 - June 17 - Elizaveta Aleksandrovna Avdulina received permission from the governor to open a photo workshop.
1877 – in July, recruitment of militia warriors.
1877 - September 21 - Nikolai Petrovich Burdaev received a certificate for the right to practice photography.
1877 - several dozen captured Turkish soldiers who were captured during the Russian-Turkish War of 1877 - 1878 settled in Yuryev-Polsky for six months.
1879 - in Yuryev, in a house purchased specially for this purpose, a public school was opened (Naberezhnaya St.).
Since 1912, city schools were renamed higher primary schools. Higher primary schools consisted of 4 classes with a one-year course in each. They accepted children who had completed primary school.
Exhibition of rural works and industry on August 9, 1879 in the village of Ratislav (Yuryevsky district) - on the occasion of the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Yuryevsky Society of Agriculture.
1879 – October 17, a telegraph line was opened in Yuryev.
1880 - On November 13, the Yuryev 3-grade City School was opened.
1880 - Moscow merchant Kosma Prokhorov of the 1st guild founded a dyeing and finishing production in Yuryev-Polsky. Transferred to Tver province in 1891.
1881 - On January 27, the Committee of Ministers in St. Petersburg approved the “Partnership of the Yuryev-Polish Manufactory”, established by K. Prokhorov and his sons.
1881 – at the end of October, the construction of the stone building in which the warping room was located was completed.
1881 - On November 6, the charter of the Yuryev-Polish Manufactory Partnership was approved.
1881 – the Avangard weaving and finishing factory was founded in Yuryev. Before 1917 - three small scattered factories. They were merged into one enterprise in 1918 after nationalization. In 1981 she was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.
1882 - in the spring, construction began on a house across the river for the city three-year school on the lands of the former. Borodulin and Pashkov.
1882 - by the beginning of the school year, the public school moved to a new building.
1883 - the famous Ivanovo poet Alexander Nikolaevich Blagov was born. In 1915 - 1916 lived in Yuryev-Polsky, where he worked at the textile factory of the Ovsyannikovs and Ganshin. At this time, he wrote one of his interesting works, “10 Letters to a Friend,” in which he vividly showed the life of provincial Yuriev at that time.
1883 - in September the construction of the City Social Club in the City Garden was completed.
1884 - On May 5, the foundation stone of the Nikolo-Nikonovskaya Church took place in the city of Yuryev, under Archimandrite Modest, Archpriest Uspensky and parish priest Alexander Minevrin.
1885 - an independent parish was established at the cemetery Church of the Ascension. Until this time, services were performed by city parish priests on alternate weeks. Services were very rare and the temple was in a very poor position.
1885 - On October 27, the Nikolsky chapel in the Nikolo-Nikonovsky Church in the city of Yuryev was consecrated with a huge crowd of people...
1885 - the first strike of factory workers of the Yuryev-Polskaya Manufactory Partnership occurred, caused by a decrease in prices and an excessive increase in the number of fines.
1885 - to supply his weaving enterprise with cheaper fuel than firewood, merchant K. Prokhorov began to develop and extract peat in the Nenashevsky swamp.
1886 - with the assistance of a peasant from the village. Petrovskoye, Yuryevsky district, Grigory Lavrentievich Karzov, inside the Peter and Paul Monastery, on the eastern side, a wooden building intended for a dormitory was built. Later, a parochial school was opened in it. (source: "Church Gazette" dated November 28, 1892)
1886 – October 13, 14, the warm cemetery church was consecrated in the name of St. Apostle. Peter and Paul and Sergius of Radonezh.
1886 - On October 17, the establishment of the Partnership “Br. Ovsyannikovs and A. Ganshin with S-mi" in Yuryev.
1896 - The Ganshins erected a building for 250 machines, which for a long time bore the name “raspberry plant”.
1887 - On January 23, the Factory and Trade Partnership “Br. Ovsyannikovs and A. Ganshin with S-mi" in Yuryev.
1887 - in September Yuryev visited the circus of the peasant of the Ekaterinoslav province D.O. Kamchatny.
1887 - in October, the Ganshins bought a dyeing factory from the Pashkov sisters on the Gze River in Yuryev.
1887 - a special commission, formed at the request of the Imperial Archaeological Commission at the Imperial Academy of Arts, recognized the need to make a thorough inspection of the condition of St. George's Cathedral in Yuryev-Polsky. Academician V.V. was entrusted with this task. Suslov. Based on the results of the commission’s activities, a project for the restoration of the cathedral was drawn up.
1888 - in Yuryev-Polsky, the first printing press in the city was opened by official A. Nartsisov. At first it was located in Zaryadye, on the lower floor of the owner's house (now it is house number 12 on Sovetskaya Square). The establishment was very small, and they were mainly engaged in performing petty work: printing advertisements, tickets, cards, addresses and forms, and occasionally printing one-day anniversary newspapers.
1888 - a dyeing factory was built on the Gze River.
1889 - The Ganshins bought an old, neglected dyeing establishment on the banks of the Gza River.
1889 – under Petropavlovsk convent opened a school for 37 girls with money donated by Paraskeva Karzova, a peasant woman from the village of Petrovskoye. On September 24, the parish school at the Ascension Church in Yuryev was consecrated.
1889 - a strike broke out among factory workers of the Yuryev-Polskaya Manufactory Partnership, associated with low prices and unfair fines.
1891 - at the Central Asian exhibition the company A.M. Ganshina received a gold medal.
1891 - in September, an artesian well was built at the dyeing factory of the Partnership.
1891 - famine! There is a crop failure in almost all of Russia...
1892 - severe cholera throughout Russia...
1892 - a weavers' strike took place at the Prokhorov manufactory of Yuryev-Polsky.
1892 - an amateur choir was formed at the Church of the Intercession of Yuryev-Polsky, consisting of people from different occupations. It was headed by veterinarian N.I. Lyubimov.
1892 - On September 25, a women's parochial school was opened at the Peter and Paul Monastery.
1892 - the Belkovo - Yuryev-Polsky railway line was built.
1892 - construction of a bell tower about 60 meters high began in the Peter and Paul Convent (finished in 1902).
1892 - in Yuryev-Polsky, the city Regulations on elections to the Yuryev City Duma were adopted. According to it, the voters were nobles, landowners, kulaks, merchants, and high-ranking officials. Workers, peasants, artisans, artisans, and townspeople did not have the right to vote or be elected. Persons under 25 years of age and women did not have the right to vote. If the latter owned anything, they voted through men by proxy. Some officials, clergy, prosecutorial supervision, police, defendants, those removed from office, declared insolvent, deprived of clergy or civil rank, supervised (political), tavern keepers, and persons with a history of tax arrears did not take part in the elections.
1892 – a society of banner bearers was established in the city of Yuryev.
1892 - in April there was a weavers' strike at the Prokhorovskaya manufactory.
1893 - On May 18, the Voluntary Firefighting Society arose in the city.
1893 - On October 11, at 1 o'clock on Monday, a memorandum was submitted ... in St. Petersburg to His Excellency Mr. Minister of Finance S. Yu. Witte on a petition to build a railway to Yuryev.
1894 - On June 1, the highest permission was given to approve the construction of a railway to the city of Yuryev.
1895 – On August 6, the foundation stone of a railway station in the city of Yuryev took place.
1895 - on the site of an old dyeing establishment on the banks of the Gzy River, the Ganshins built a wooden building designed for 80 machines with a steam engine.
1895 - the future Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel General of Artillery Nikolai Sergeevich Fomin, was born in Yuryev-Polsky. He died in 1987. He was buried at the Troekurovskoye cemetery in Moscow. One of the streets of Yuryev-Polsky bears his name.
1896 - a railway line was opened from Aleksandrov to Yuryev-Polsky.
1896 - products of Yuryev-Polsky enterprises took part in the All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod.
1896 - in November there was a fire at the dyeing and finishing factory of the Br. Ovsyannikovs and A. Ganshin with S.
1896 - On December 17, the mechanical weaving factory of the T-va “Br. Ovsyannikovs and A. Ganshin with S-mi" in Yuryev.
1896 – On December 21, passenger traffic was opened along the Yuryev-Polskaya branch of the railway to the city of Yuryev.
1897 – construction of a three-story stone building was completed, the first floor of which was intended to house weaving machines, the second floor for winding machines, and the top floor for warping and sizing machines.
1897 – the first general population census of the Russian Empire was carried out. According to it, the county had 92,629 inhabitants (41,230 men and 51,399 women). For 1 sq. per verst there are 35.1 inhabitants (in the Vladimir province - 35.4 inhabitants). 43% of men and 10% of women were literate.
1898 - in May, the foundation stone of the bell tower took place in the Peter and Paul Nunnery in the city of Yuryev.
1898 - in June the house of V.V.’s heirs burned down. Ganshina.
1898 - an almshouse was founded at the Peter and Paul Convent, where 7 women received shelter.
1898 - On March 9, in St. Petersburg, a personal highest decree of Emperor Nicholas II was issued to the Minister of Railways, allowing the Moscow-Yaroslavl-Akhangelsk Railway Company to connect the Teikovo station and the Yuryev-Polsky station with a continuous rail track.
1898 - On October 22, the section of the railway connecting Yuryev-Polsky with the Belkovo station was put into operation.
1898 - Yuryev merchant Pyotr Ivanovich Abrosimov was elected mayor of Yuryev.
1899 - On November 27, a train departed from Yuryev-Polsky for the first time to the city of Teykovo.
City Men's School:
Honorary trustee – merchant. Nikolai Alekseevich Ganshin.
Inspector-teacher – super. owls Igor Mikhailovich Kirillov. Teacher of the law - Rev. Alexander Egorovich Znamensky. Teachers: Vasily Aleksandrovich Albitsky; Mikhail Ivanovich Rakhmanov; arts - Nikolai Pavlovich Kostyukov; crafts - Vasily Vasilievich Khrameev.
City parish boys' school:
Trustee – purchaser Nikolai Aleksevich Ganshin. Teacher of the law - priest. Ivan Dmitrievich Kosatkin.
City Primary School:
Trustee – Nikolai Alekseevich Bulygin. Teacher of the law - priest. Alexey Alekseevich Belyaev. Teacher - Dmitry Mikhailovich Lushnikov.
City Primary Girls' School:
Trustee - Plageya Pavlovna Ganshina. Teacher of the law - Rev. Ivan Grigorievich Dobrokhotov. Teachers: Vera Afanasyevna Yakovlevskaya; Anna Aleksandrovna Gromova; Antonina Fedorovna Elnykina.
Peter and Paul Women's Parish School:
The guardian is Abbess Claudia. Teacher of the law - priest. Alexander Nikolaevich Likharev. The teacher is Maria Ivanovna Yuditskaya.
Ascension parochial school:
Trustee – purchaser Nikolai Alekseevich Ganshin. Teacher of the law - priest. Sergei Ivanovich Izvolsky. The teacher is a deacon. Fedor Grigorievich Dobrokhotov.
District School Council:
The chairman is the district chairman of the nobility. Members: district police officer; teacher-inspector of a city school; prot. Alexander Egorovich Znamensky; above owls Pyotr Porfirievich Kosatsky; purchase Nikolai Alekseevich Ganshin; purchase Petr Ivanovich Abrosimov.
Inspector people. schools - stat. owls Dmitry Semenovich Ilyenkov.
Medical staff:
City doctor - nadv. owls Alexey Alekseevich Uspensky.
City midwife - Alexandra Aleksandrovna Goryainova. District doctor - count. owls Yuri Nikolaevich Novikov.
Zemstvo doctors: 1 school. – Pyotr Dmitrievich Sukhov; 2 lessons – Vasily Irinarkhovich Soloviev; 3 lessons – Dmitry Nikolaevich Zbritsky; 4 lessons – Vasily Kuzmich Krechetov; 5 lessons - Vladimir Ivanovich Alexandrovsky.
Midwives: 1 school. – Anna Petrovna Gloziorova; 2 lessons – Lyudmila Ardalionovna Veselovskaya; 3 lessons – Ekaterina Pavlovna Tikhomirova; 4 lessons Sofya Florentievna Voznesenskaya; 5 lessons Evdokia Alekseevna Troitskaya.
Zemsky hospital:
Doctor - Nikolai Petrovich Gloriozov. Midwife - Anna Petrovna Gloriozova. Paramedic: Ivan Davidovich Gubanov; Egor Vasilievich Nikolaichev; Pavel Nikolaevich Orlov; Mikhail Stepanovich Makarevich.
Pharmacist - pharmacist Sergei Ivanovich Shchelokov.
County veterinarian- Daniil Borisovich Kulik.
Yuryevskaya postal and telegraph office: Chief – supervising. owls Vladimir Ilyich Lebedev. Assistant is a title. owls Nikolai Alexandrovich Albitsky.
1900 - a factory of agricultural implements was built in Yuryev. Its owner was a peasant from the village. Volstvinovo Ksenophon Dmitrievich Kornoukhov.
1900 - On November 29, the first strike of Ganshin workers broke out (137 people went on strike for three days).
1901 - opening of the Yuryev-Polish brick factory.
1902 - January 1, the famous Yuryev industrialist and mayor N.A. Ganshin was awarded a gold medal on the St. Andrew's ribbon for his active participation in charity events.
1902 - Pyotr Ivanovich Abrosimov was re-elected mayor of Yuryev.
1903 - Yuryev-Polsky was visited by the world famous artist N.K. Roerich. Here he painted 4 sketches with views of St. George's Cathedral.
1903 - member of the bureau of the Northern Committee of the RSDLP, professional revolutionary Andrei Andreev (Stepan) established connections with workers' organizations in many cities of the Vladimir province, including Yuryev-Polsky, and distributed a significant number of illegal publications in the area of his activity.
1903 - a Social Democratic circle arose in Yuryev.
1904 - in December there was a strike of workers at the Yuryev-Polskaya manufactory factory.
1904 - the almshouse building was built. Gennady Ivanovich and Evgeny Ivanovich Meshcherin. Hereditary honorary citizen G.I. Meshcherin donated capital to establish an almshouse for 80 people in need.
06/22/1904 - “The residents of Yuryev warmly saw off their fellow countrymen to the war. The report of the Yuryev district police officer to the governor noted that on June 22, 1904, after a prayer service in St. George’s Cathedral, the reserves were sent to the Military Presence for examination, and then they were offered lunch from the Yuryev voluntary fireman society. In the evening, the soldiers began to leave in batches for Moscow, and order was not violated anywhere."
1905 - April a district zemstvo library was opened in Yuryev.
1905 – On August 25, construction began on the warm three-altar Trinity Cathedral Church.
1905 - During October, two rallies were held in the city.
1906 - a strike broke out at the Ganshin weaving factory.
1906 - On the evening of June 4, a demonstration took place with a red banner and the singing of revolutionary songs.
1906 - a building with overhead lighting for 108 machines was built at the Ganshin factory.
1906 - On September 15, the zemstvo library began operating in Yuryev, opened on the initiative of the veterinarian Dianin.
1906 - opening of a private women's gymnasium in Yuryev by Serafima Ivanovna Blagonravova.
1906 - Yuryevsky manufacturer N.A. Ganshin was elected Chairman of the City Duma.
1907 - elections to the III State Duma took place. The rector of St. George's Cathedral in St. George's Cathedral, priest Alexander Znamensky, was elected one of the deputies from the Vladimir province.
1907 - in August, Serafima Ivanovna Blagonravova opened a private women's gymnasium in Yuryev (one-story building, Naberezhnaya Street). 40 students entered the first two classes. Subsequently, with the support of the zemstvo and the City Duma, the founder opened another gymnasium class every year.
1907 – On September 2, the foundation stone of the Trinity Cathedral took place in Yuryev. Work began back in 1905.
1907 - appearances for secret meetings of revolutionaries appear in Yuryev-Polsky.
1908 - the Yuryev-Polish printing house was sold to the Ganshin family by its former owner, official A. Nartsissov.
1909 - city for 5500 rubles. purchased for the gymnasium, whose trustee was N.A.’s wife. Ganshina, Pashkova's house.
1909 - On January 6, the Yuryev-Polsky Society of Performing Art Lovers was founded. Its founders were I.M. and P.D. Bulygins, I.D. Agrikov, A.P. Puzyrevskaya, O.V. Koritskaya, S.N. Ganshin, V.V. Gridnev.
1909 – in October, the Church of the Great Martyr Barbara was consecrated after repairs.
1909 - Russian architect and restorer Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov, examining the decoration of St. George's Cathedral, was the first to suggest that in ancient times the cathedral was a single “iconographic whole.” He noticed that the disparate figures were parts of a once unified composition. He was the first to “collect” one of these compositions, “Transfiguration,” which included seven different roots scattered along the southern façade of the cathedral.
1910 - a fire destroyed the Tushnins' weaving factory. The remaining walls and land were bought by manufacturer N. Ganshin, the namesake of a famous merchant in the city. There was a well-furnished club there with a cinema, billiards and an equipped stage.
1910 - On September 21, a 3rd grade school was opened in Yuryev with a real school course, preparatory and 1st grade, and a year later a full real school was opened.
1910 – On December 20, an orphanage was opened in the city of Yuryev-Polsky. It was located in a two-story house donated by merchant N.A. Kraskovsky.
1910 - on the swampy outskirts of the city, the Yuriev-Polish merchants Kurbatovs erected the first one-story building of their weaving factory for 400 looms.
In M. N. Baryshnikov’s reference book “Business World of Russia” it is written as follows: “In 1910, the heir, Alexei Ivanovich Kurbatov, and his companion, Vasily Ivanovich Terentyev, opened a weaving factory with 360 mechanical looms.”
1910 - they did not work for three days in the weaving buildings of the Ganshin factory (three hundred weavers and apprentices demanded an increase in wages).
1910 - N.A. Ganshin was re-elected chairman of the Yuryev City Duma.
1911 - in February, the City Duma petitioned the Vladimir governor for a loan to install a water supply system.
1911 - in May, the City Duma received money transfers for the installation of a water supply system.
1911 - On May 23, a prayer service was held in Ilyinsky, dedicated to the start of work on the water supply system in Yuryev.
1911 – water booths appeared in Yuryev, popularly called “pools”; There was an employee at each booth.
1911 – the 6th grade of a private girls’ gymnasium was opened.
1912 - On January 1, the water supply system in Yuryev was blessed with a large crowd of people.
1912 - On July 30, the foundation stone of the Yuryev-Polsky real school named after V.E. was completed. Kraskovsky.
1912 – there were 199 students in the private girls’ gymnasium.
1912 – the public school was transformed into a higher elementary school.
1912 - On November 2, the 1st cinema session (electric theater) took place in Yuryev at the Yuryev club, in the former house of Tushnin.
1912 - the Yuryev Vicariate was established under the administration of the Vladimir diocese. The duties of suffragan bishops included providing assistance to the bishop. In the XIX - early XX century in the Vladimir diocese there were 3 vicariates: Murom (established in 1868), Yuryevsk and Suzdal (established in 1916).
1912 - July 17, 420 strikers at the Ganshin factory demanded an increase and regulation of wages.
1912 - On January 2, the city water supply system, funded by the city, manufacturers and donors, was consecrated and opened.
1913 - the enterprises of the company of the Ovsyannikov brothers and A. Ganshin and their sons reached full bloom.
1913 - the post office moved to Vladimirskaya Street, where the postal department acquired and added a second floor to the Abrosimovs’ house (see also 1860).
1913 - On January 18, the City Duma issued a “Mandatory resolution on the construction and maintenance of sidewalks in Yuryev.” We were talking about three streets of the city - Bolshaya (1 May), Spasskaya (Shibankova St.) and Voskresenskaya (Shkolnaya St.).
1913 - The City Duma came to the conclusion that the city needed electric lighting. The installation of electric lighting in the city was carried out by the joint-stock company of Russian electrical plants "Siemens and Halske".
1913 - the first passenger car appeared in Yuryev-Polsky. It was brought from Germany by Sergei Nikolaevich Ganshin, one of the sons of local manufacturer N.A. Ganshin.
1913 - a common meal was organized in the Peter and Paul convent building.
1913 - On September 7 there were maneuvers near Yuryev, troops passed through the city.
1913 - health insurance funds were organized at Yuryev factories.
1914 - On January 7, training began in the new building of the real school.
1914 - On January 7, the City Public N.A. was opened. Ganshina Bank in Yuryev.
1914 - in February, the first lighting of city streets with electricity took place.
1914 – the second floor of a private women’s gymnasium was built (Naberezhnaya St.).
1914 – construction of the Trinity Cathedral was completed.
1914 - trustee of the Yuryev-Polsky orphanage N.A. Kraskovsky was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav, 3rd degree.
1914 - On December 7, the women's school named after P.P. was consecrated. Ganshin in his house, donated to the city on the Koloksha River Embankment.
1915 – in January the consecration of the Trinity Cathedral took place.
1915 - November 1, a new hospital with 100 beds was opened in Yuryev-Polsky.
1916 - a big strike took place at the Ganshin factory, initiated by women.
1917 - On February 28, the first message about the overthrow of the autocracy was received through railway telegraph operators in Yuryev-Polsky. Workers of city enterprises greeted this news with a procession with revolutionary songs in central square Yuryeva.
1917 – the women's pro-gymnasium was transformed into a gymnasium.
1917 - On August 5, the district Council of Peasant Deputies was organized in Yuryev-Polsky.
1917 - On September 12, a special committee of 12 people was created in Yuryev-Polsky. to protect the city.
1917 - the private women's gymnasium was transferred to the jurisdiction of the city government.
1917 - in September, at the Ganshin factory, a new composition of the factory committee was elected by secret ballot, headed by the Bolshevik I.Ya. Zhuravlev. The organization of a trade union among workers began.
1917 - in November the Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd. Yuryevpol residents also took part in this armed uprising. One of them is a native of the village. Kumino Alexey Antonovich Dorogov, who served on the cruiser Aurora.
1917 - in Yuryev-Polsky in a building built under the leadership of engineer V.V. Gridnev on the bank of Koloksha, a three-year men's public school was opened, now better known as a “basic school”.
1918 – St. Michael the Archangel Monastery in Yuryev was closed (Newspaper “Vestnik Opolya” dated March 20, 2012).
1918 – On February 25, the new chapel of the Holy Great Martyr Barbara was consecrated in the city of Yuryev.
1918 - On April 14, the second chapel in the Church of the Great Martyr Barbara was consecrated in the name of St. George the Victorious.
1918 - the factory committee insisted that the Ganshins and Ovsyannikovs vacate the houses and apartments they occupied to accommodate working families and factory organizations.
1918 - a central library was created on the basis of the district library, later renamed the district library.
1918 - in December the factory of the Ovsyannikovs and Ganshin was nationalized.
1918 - at the end of the year in Yuryev, the first current station was installed in the premises of a former church. A gas generating unit with a 43 kW dynamo was installed there. A gas-generating engine with a coal fire, confiscated from the manufacturer Ganshin, was brought from the village of Dunaevki. The old oil engine was also moved there.
On July 11, 1919, government institutions of the city were looted by a gang of the staff captain of the tsarist army, Efim Skorodumov (Yushka).
In 1920, the Yuryev-Polsky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum was founded.
Worship cross in honor of the 850th anniversary of the city of Yuryev-Polsky at the wall of the St. Michael the Archangel Monastery. 2002
Until 2010, Yuryev-Polsky had the status of a historical settlement, however, by Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2010 N 418/339, the city was deprived of this status.
On October 15, 1956, air passenger service was opened on the route Yuryev-Polsky - Vladimir.
1967 - in Yuryev-Polsky and some surrounding villages, episodes of the feature film “The Golden Calf” based on the work of the same name by I. Ilf and E. Petrov (directed by M. Schweitzer) were filmed. Yuryev-Polsky appeared in the film as the town of Arbatov.
Archaeological monuments of the Yuryev-Polsky region
Archaeological monuments of the Yuryev-Polsky region.Yuriev Principality
- City of Mstislavl, 7-10, 11-13 centuries.
- Seminskoye settlement, 11-13, 14-17 centuries.
- Old Russian settlement in Turabyevo
Stromynskaya road.
Culture
In 1920, the Yuryev-Polsky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum (Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Monastery) was founded.
- Exhibition “Golden Calf” - the history of the local weaving factory and the tradition of artistic embroidery.
- Exhibition “Peasantry and Agriculture of Vladimir Opole”.
- Exhibition “Artistic Wood Carving” (located in the building of the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael before its transfer to the Church) – wooden sculptures of the 15th–19th centuries.
- St. George's Cathedral - interior of the cathedral: stones not used in the reconstruction of the building, graves of princes and paintings of the 17th century.
- Observation deck and exhibition “Monastic Cell” (in the belfry building). The exhibition consists of several narrow halls with uninteresting exhibits, and from the observation deck there is a good view of the city and the surrounding fields.
- Art gallery (in the building of the Church of St. John the Evangelist) – Russian art of the 16th–19th centuries.
- Exposition dedicated to the life of P.I. Bagration - a museum of the famous commander of the Patriotic War of 1812.
Copyright © 2015 Unconditional love
Since ancient times, residents of Vladimir Opolye have been engaged in agriculture. The fertile lands in the Koloksha Valley allowed them to grow grain and graze livestock. According to one version, it was active farming and large pastures that became the reasons for the appearance of vast forest-steppes here.
In 1152, by the will of Moscow Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, a settlement was founded at a trade crossroads. It was named after Prince Yuri and its location - on the field, however, at first they wrote about the city “Gyurgev” or “Gergev”. Yuriev-Polsky grew quickly and by the beginning of the 13th century became the center of a small principality.
In 1238, Rus' was attacked by Mongol troops, and the city was severely devastated. Warlike nomads raided and devastated Russian lands several more times. The invasions of the khans Tokhtamysh (1382) and Edigei (1408) caused great damage to the city. In the 14th century, Moscow was chosen as the capital of the princely lands, and the role of Yuryev-Polsky noticeably decreased. For a long time it did not develop and turned into a quiet county town.
In 1968, one of the episodes of the film “The Golden Calf”, a film version of the novel of the same name by Ilya Ilf and Yevgeny Petrov, was filmed on the streets of the city. Old pre-revolutionary buildings and shopping arcades served as the backdrop for the city of Arbatov invented by the writers. After some time, “Golden Calf” became one of the tourist brands of Yuryev-Polsky, and today a cafe popular with tourists bears this name.
On May 1st Street, 100 meters from the city center, stands the white stone St. George's Cathedral. The first temple on this site was founded during the reign of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. It existed for only half a century and, according to the chronicle, was destroyed during strong earthquake. When this happened, the reigning prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich ordered to dismantle the stone ruins and build a new cathedral.
St. George's Cathedral was built in 1234. It was distinguished by rich white stone carvings. The walls of the temple were covered with images of animals, birds and Christian saints. Together with the ornament, they made up pictures connected by a common plot.
By the middle of the 15th century, St. George's Cathedral had become dilapidated and partially collapsed. The Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III Vasilyevich, having learned about this, ordered the immediate restoration of the shrine. The famous architect from Moscow Ermolin undertook to restore the temple. There were no stone quarries near Yuryev-Polsky, so the builders had to erect collapsed walls from old stones. The temple turned out to be lower, but it became much stronger. The boundary between new and old masonry is clearly visible even today. Placed in the 15th century, the stones run diagonally from top to bottom, from the northwest corner of the building.
In the 17th century, a tented bell tower was erected near the cathedral. Then it was replaced with a four-tier one. And in the 19th century, a warm Church of the Exaltation of the Cross appeared near the cathedral. Later, several restorations of St. George's Cathedral took place, during which the bell tower and later temple extensions were dismantled.
The single-domed cathedral has a cubic quadrangle and three semicircular apses. A massive dome with a cross rests on a squat light drum. The northern portal is better preserved than others and looks great. Previously, it overlooked the main square of Yuryev-Polsky.
On the walls of the cathedral you can see images of Christ, St. George the Victorious, holy warriors - patrons of the Vladimir princes, lions, a centaur, peacocks and intricate floral patterns. Most of the carved white stone bas-reliefs form a single plot, but some are located separately. This discrepancy appeared after restoration work in the 15th century. Medieval builders used stones from a collapsed building and some of them were placed in random order.
The carved elephant should be found on the northern façade. It is located above a column topped with a woman's head. To see the elephant, it is advised to move a little away from the cathedral, and then it will not be covered by the lower bas-reliefs.
Where did the image of the elephant in Yuryev-Polsky come from? The carvers who worked in Ancient Rus' could only see it on the pages of manuscripts. If you look closely, the image on St. George's Cathedral is not an elephant, but a mythological animal. The trunk and tusks are those of an elephant, the ears are those of a hare, and the limbs are those of a bird.
Nowadays, services in the temple are rarely held. The rest of the time it is open to tourists as a museum. Samples of ancient Russian white stone carvings are displayed inside. Here is also the “Svyatoslav Cross”, which was made by order of the ancestor of the Yuryev princes - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich (1196-1252).
Michael the Arkhangelsk Monastery
To the north of St. George's Cathedral, closer to the center of Yuryev-Polsky, there is a territory monastery. The buildings of the Michael-Arkhangelsk monastery stand in a ring of powerful earthen ramparts and fortress walls, so they look like a Kremlin. The monastery was founded in the 13th century by the son of Vsevolod the Big Nest - Prince Svyatoslav. Initially, its churches and cells were wooden, and when the Mongol troops attacked Rus', they easily burned the monastery.
Yuriev-Polsky survived more than one invasion of the Horde, so for about two centuries they did not even try to restore the monastery. Changes came only in the 16th century, when a stone wall and towers were built instead of a wooden palisade. The first stone temple appeared here in 1560. It was erected with the money of Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Kubensky. We don’t know what this church looked like, because it has not been preserved.
Michael-Arkhangelsk monastery was considered rich. She received many gifts from Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky, whose estate was located not far from Yuryev-Polsky, in the village of Bolsheluchinskoye.
Today the monastery is a beautiful architectural ensemble, consisting of buildings from the 17th-18th centuries. It has a small but very well-groomed territory on which exhibitions of the local history and art museum are located. At the same time, a monastic community lives here, and church services are regularly held in the temples. Near the monastery there is a monument to the founder of Yuryev-Polsky, Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
The central place in the monastery is occupied by the Archangel Michael Cathedral. The five-domed temple was built at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries with money raised by the residents of Yuryev-Polsky. The cathedral is richly decorated with rustication, cornices and carved friezes. The icon of Archangel Michael is kept here, which, together with the soldiers of the 5th regiment of the Vladimir militia, marched along the roads of the Patriotic War of 1812-1814.
To the north-west of the cathedral rises a beautiful multi-tiered bell tower of the 18th century. The slender octagonal building is decorated on all sides with carved ornaments, and three rows of “rumors” are installed on the top of the tent.
To the south of the cathedral stands the Church of the Sign, which appeared in 1625. The low, single-domed temple has a spacious refectory. Its first floor is used for economic purposes, and covered passages lead to the archimandrite and fraternal buildings.
From the west, the monastery territory is limited by a section of the fortress wall with towers. These fortifications were built in the middle of the 16th century. Above the gate leading to the monastery rises the Church of St. John the Theologian, built in 1670. The five-domed temple has a wide cornice and its architecture echoes the Archangel Michael Cathedral.
Near the bell tower you can see a small overhead chapel and the Church of St. George the Victorious, brought here from the village of Yegoriy. They were built at the beginning of the 18th century for the St. George Monastery and moved to Yuryev-Polsky in 1968. The chapel and church are excellent examples of Russian wooden architecture. They are very beautiful and fit organically into the architectural ensemble of the monastery.
Museums of Yuryev-Polsky
Museum exhibitions occupy the buildings of the Archangel Michael Monastery, on 1 May Street, 4. The main section of the museum is dedicated to the history of the peasantry and agriculture of the Vladimir region. The items collected here allow you to get acquainted with the customs and traditions of the inhabitants of Yuryev-Polsky, starting from ancient times. The display cases display jewelry found by archaeologists, chain mail, a fragment of a mica window, and fossilized rye from the 11th century. In the halls you can see a collection of barn locks, a Russian stove and the interiors of peasant dwellings.
One of the sections of the museum tells about the life of the Russian commander Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration. The central place in it is occupied by the carriage in which the seriously wounded Bagration was brought to the village of Sima near Yuryev-Polsky after the Battle of Borodino. Here he died and was buried in the family crypt of the Golitsyn princes.
In the arch under the passage that connects the Church of the Sign and the archimandrite building, there is an exhibition of carved platbands. Beautiful wooden frames were brought to the museum from villages located near Yuryev-Polsky. Skillful products of local craftsmen also hang on the walls of the church and fraternal building.
On the second floor of the archimandrite building there is an exhibition introducing visitors to the history of the development of the weaving manufactory in Yuryev-Polsky. Beautiful tiled stoves, spindles, spinning wheels, samples of printed fabrics and sewing machines are on display here. And the interiors are decorated with modern tapestries made by the hands of the masters of the Avangard weaving factory.
One of the museum exhibitions is located in a high tented bell tower. On the ground floor of the building a monastic cell is shown. On the second floor there is an exhibition dedicated to bell ringing, and even higher there is an excellent Observation deck. Tourists climb it to admire the monastery and the central streets of Yuryev-Polsky. At the entrance, the bell tower has a small door, the height of which is only 2/3 of the average height of a person. Only small children can pass through it without bending.
If you go up to the second floor of the Gate Church of St. John the Evangelist, you can see an art exhibition. It displays icons of the 16th-19th centuries, paintings by the Itinerant artists and a collection of old porcelain. Most of the porcelain items came to the museum from the Golitsyn family estate. The most interesting exhibits are the original floor vases.
The museum doors are open to visitors on any day except Tuesday. On Mondays it is open from 9.00 to 15.00, and on other days from 9.00 to 17.00. Please note that the ticket office closes an hour earlier.
Ancient temples
Not far from the monastery is located temple complex, which consists of two churches - Pokrovskaya and Nikitskaya. The first was built in 1769, and the second in 1799. Adjacent to the snow-white five-domed Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary is a four-tiered bell tower - the most high building Yuryev-Polsky. Through it, believers get inside the Church of the Intercession.
The one-domed Nikitsky Church is small in size. It was built in the traditions of classicism and decorated on four sides with triangular pediments and snow-white columns. The walls of the church are painted in contrasting colors, brick and white. The temple complex is surrounded by a beautiful wrought iron fence and looks very harmonious.
At 6 Avangardny Lane, there is a snow-white Church of the Nativity of Christ. It was built in the 18th century on the site of a dilapidated wooden church. The Cold Church is notable for its six domes. In the 1930s, it, like most of the churches in Yuryev-Polsky, was closed, and printing presses and dairy plant equipment were placed in the premises. Then the church was restored, and now it is functioning.
Where to stay
Most travelers come to Yuryev-Polsky on day trips. But those who want to stay here longer can stay at one of the city hotels. All of them are located in the city center and provide approximately the same range of services.
The hotel at the Promsvyaz plant accommodates not only business travelers (Zavodskaya St., 1A). On weekends many tourists stop here. There is no cafe or dining room in this hotel, but guests can prepare their own food using a microwave oven, kettle, stove and utensils.
On Vladimirskaya Street, 22 there is a small hotel "Pokrovskaya". Breakfast is included when staying, and suites have separate kitchenettes with a microwave, dishes and a kettle.
On Sovetskaya Square there is the Yuryevskaya Hotel. Its guests receive not only rooms, but also breakfast. Conveniently, right next to the hotel there is a cafe, “Golden Calf”, popular among city guests.
Mini-hotel "Pearl" is probably the most inexpensive in Yuryev-Polsky. It offers travelers four neat rooms. The hotel is located on Shibankova Street, 72, just a 5-minute walk from the city center.
How to get there
Yuryev-Polsky is located in the northwest Vladimir region 180 km from Moscow. Nearest international Airport is located in Ivanovo. The journey by car from Moscow to Yuryev-Polsky takes about 3 hours and passes through Kirzhach and Kolchugino along the A-105 highway.
The railway station is located 1.5 km south of the city center. A line from Aleksandrov to Ivanovo runs through it, along which several trains run daily long distance, as well as two electric trains. You can get from Moscow to Yuryev-Polsky in 4.15-4.50 hours by trains that go to Kineshma and Ivanovo.
Near railway station there is a city bus station. They come here Shuttle Buses from Vladimir, Alexandrov, Pereslavl-Zalessky and Moscow. From the capital's bus station, which is located near the Shchelkovskaya metro station, 3-4 buses go to Yuryev-Polsky every day. The journey to the city takes 4 hours.
May 22nd, 2017
1) First, in general terms about my adventures during the trip.
I arrived in Yuryev-Polsky at 2 am by train Moscow-Kineshma. Initially I planned that, as always, I would sit at the station until the morning, but no, due to the fact that this railway line, although stretched to the north of the Ivanovo region, is considered inactive (1 Moscow train, and 2-3 suburban ones to Ivanovo and Aleksandrov), so the railway station was closed for the night.
2) In addition, the temperature in Moscow before was +17 degrees, so I went in a T-shirt and jacket, without taking care of a sweater, which would have been very useful. So I’m standing at the station - I watched the train I was traveling on, there’s also a city without power - at night the street lights are turned off... and it’s dark, the dogs are barking and everyone is sleeping except me. I went to the bus station (where Kirill Serebrennikov filmed the film “St. George’s Day” 10 years ago, which he previously mentioned in previous posts) - it was also closed.
Map of the explored area. 
3) Fortunately, a woman arrived who was supposed to go to Moscow on a shift in a minibus in 1 hour (even I thought about whether I should go back). So she said that there is nowhere to sit at night (even the police don’t really work there, which is why many people don’t fasten their seat belts and just drive), hotels are expensive. I went to the center, that’s right, the cost of rooms in 3 hotels is 1500, 1800, 2300 rubles, everything else is closed at night, except for a 24-hour sauna with girls opposite the plant, where business travelers often come, what, an industrial enterprise. It’s wildly cold, otherwise Belarus was spoiled when in a central hotel a deluxe room cost 400 rubles with all amenities, but here for 1,500 rubles a three-bed room without a shower.
The bus station building where the heroine of Ksenia Rappoport cried after the loss of her son, cellular communications, and car wheels. 
4) Interior decoration bus stations. Now everything has been improved there, the only bad thing is that the routes are only to Moscow and Vladimir, and the villages no longer exist for them. 
5) I went to warm up... to the branch of the Savings Bank (it’s true, if you are left in a city where there is nowhere to stay or spend the night, it’s still cold - go to the Savings Bank, it’s always nearby. There I even wrote a little plan for the coming days, however, due to the attack that had begun warm, I went to wander again (and no one has canceled the law of physics, as long as you move, it won’t be cold). Then I decided to replay the game a little, since the Kremlin opens at 9 am, and the time is only 5, I quickly drew up a route with a visit and also went to bus station - they said that they no longer have suburban connections to nearby villages, that in the center only a few private drivers carry them.
Examples of private wooden buildings in the city. 
6) I’m going there - I’ll announce there and see that from March 1 the minibus doesn’t go there, the locals answered that it’s only hitchhiking. And I decided to hitchhike to see everything and return to the city by 12.00, when I could start getting acquainted with the history of this place. the minibus took me to a fork in the road, there I already started catching rides - so I rode first in a cargo gazelle, then in a minivan in the luggage compartment next to the willows, then I was picked up by a pensioner on the Volga, he said that he would drop me off at one turn, he would quickly go to a friend, If I don’t leave, he’ll pick me up. That's how they got to the final village with a church 28 km from the regional center. From there I went back with the director of the forestry enterprise (fortunately, I was pleased with the local general store workers that their taxi costs 420 rubles or just a ride), whose mother was born in the neighboring regional center from my Bryansk region))) the weather changed during the day from a clear and sunny morning, then rain with snow in the form of hailstones, then a sharp cold snap, towards the end of lunch again clear sun and rain again. I didn’t get the train to Moscow until 1 a.m.; I had to wait out the next 7 hours, since it was getting cold and everything was closed (there are 2 grocery stores and a sauna in the whole city). In the evening at the station I saw a man who was heating the building itself with wood, he advised me to knock on the employee’s window at night and ask to open the waiting room (fortunately, they open it for those who have a train ticket). I sat in one cafe until 11 p.m., then they let me into the station, and there I plopped down dead on a metal seat, even dozing. The train arrived, settled down in its place and fell asleep all the way to the capital :))) 
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11) Yuryev-Polsky is located on the territory of Vladimir Opolye, on the banks of the small Koloksha River, the left tributary of the Klyazma. Unlike other ancient Russian cities, Yuryev-Polsky has practically no natural fortifications: the banks of Koloksha are low, and there are no noticeable hills nearby. The location of the city is explained by the economic importance of the Vladimir Opolye during the times of Ancient Rus' - roads leading to Vladimir, Suzdal, Pereslavl-Zalessky and Rostov the Great converged here. Currently, Yuryev-Polsky has completely lost its commercial importance. Large car roads are located far from the city, and the railway is inactive. Yuryev-Polsky is the geographic center of the Golden Ring, but inconvenient passenger connections make the city relatively unpopular among tourists and travelers.
In the photo - an ensemble of churches of the warm “winter” Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary built in 1769 with an attached bell tower in the 19th century (left) and the “summer” Church of St. Nicholas the Martyr 1792-1808. (on right). 
12) Let's come closer. 
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14) In the Intercession Church now rest the relics of Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, the builder 
15) The ensemble near the Church of St. Nikita the Martyr, in architectural style, has a mixture of classicism and pseudo-Gothic style of Vasily Bazhenov; on three sides the entrances to it are decorated with lush porticoes with columns. Particularly beautiful is the tall drum with a number of narrow and high windows, providing excellent illumination of the temple. The drum is topped with a small dome, which picturesquely complements the entire appearance of the temple and gives it upward direction. 
16) Monument to the wines of the Great Patriotic War on the site of the former monument to Vladimir Lenin. 
17) Let us now examine the market square of Yuryev-Polsky. 
18) Yuriev-Polsky was founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. The name of the city is associated with the name of the founder and the area (Polish - located on the field). The advantageous location in the center of a rich agricultural region (Vladimir Opolye) led to the rapid growth of the settlement, and already in 1212 Yuryev-Polsky became the center of a small principality that arose as a result of civil strife and the collapse of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. A sign of the city’s importance is the construction of St. George’s Cathedral, unique for Ancient Rus', at the beginning of the 13th century. The Mongol invasion of 1238 led to the decline of Yuryev-Polsky, and later the city was severely destroyed during the invasions of Tokhtamysh (1382) and Edigei (1408). The move of the capital to Moscow reduced the economic importance of the region and changed the main trade routes: from the 14th century, Yuryev-Polsky became a small and insignificant settlement on the outskirts of the Moscow principality. In the 15th–16th centuries, the city was often transferred to the management of foreign vassals of the Moscow prince and hardly developed. Since the 17th century, Yuryev-Polsky has been a town on the road from Moscow to Suzdal. With development railways the importance of the latter also decreased, and Yuryev-Polsky remained a quiet district town. Thanks to its well-preserved setting and suitable atmosphere, in 1968 Yuryev-Polsky became the location for filming the first part of the film “The Golden Calf” (Arbatov) - a classic film adaptation of the satirical novel of the same name by Ilf and Petrov. 
19) Stills from the film.
20) Most merchants here simply did not have enough resources to develop their own stores, trade was mostly small-scale, and trade was not limited to merchants - mainly artisans, fishermen, and peasants from the surrounding villages. The shopping arcades here were built in 1873-77, and their four buildings are grouped in pairs - most likely, in some they sold agricultural goods, and in the other - handicrafts and industrial goods. 
21) Nevertheless, the rows here are very picturesque. 
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25) Lenin was moved closer to the city center. 
26) Pseudo-Gothic fire department building, which has not lost its purpose to this day. 
27) Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky. 
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30) Let's explore the local "Arbat", the so-called. street May 1st. Pay attention to the cobblestone street peeking out from under the asphalt. 
31) The street is still pedestrian, if only a pavement could be opened, it would be like in Yuryevets, Ivanovo region. 
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33) The building of an orphanage on the site of the former Church of the Resurrection, built in 1760. 
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36) Vvedensky Nikon Monastery, founded by Nikon of Radonezh, a student of Sergius. In fact, it is a diptych of the summer Vvedenskaya (1763) and winter St. Nicholas (1666) churches typical of the Vladimir region. 
37) The trip took place on April 13, so don’t be upset that there is no greenery and it’s a bit dirty. After a warm March, a sharp cold snap set in. Yes, you can see in the photographs a constant change in the weather from a clear sunny morning, snow at lunch, hail in the afternoon and evening sun. 
38) Let's continue along the roadway of May 1st Street, from where most cars go to Pereslavl-Zalessky, Yaroslavl or Moscow. 
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40) Yuryev-Polsky is rich in entire ensembles of “double” churches.
In the photo - the temple complex of the Church of the Nativity of Christ and Boris and Gleb 1700-1752. buildings in the middle of specific residential areas. 
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