beach holiday / 15.05.2023

hungary. Hungary. The most remarkable settlements of the country

Republic of Hungary, state in the Center. Europe. The name is from the ethnonym Hungarians. The Hungarians themselves call themselves the Magyars, and their country Magyarorszag is the country of the Magyars. See also Transylvania. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia

Hungary- Hungary, Budapest. Street musician. HUNGARY (Republic of Hungary), a state in Central Europe. The area is 93 thousand km2. The population is 10.3 million people, including Hungarians (97%). The official language is Hungarian. Believers are predominantly Catholics. Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Hungary- (Magyarorszag), Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Nepköztarsaság), state in the Center. Europe. It borders in the north with Czechoslovakia, in the east with the CCCP and Romania, in the south with Yugoslavia, in the west with Austria. Pl. 93 thousand km2. Hac. 10.7 million people (1982).… … Geological Encyclopedia

Hungary- (Magyarorszag), Hungarian People's Republic, a socialist state in Central Europe. On the territory of Hungary, Neolithic ceramics and sculpture, monuments of art of the Scythians and Celts, the remains of Roman settlements have been preserved ... ... Art Encyclopedia

Hungary- noun, number of synonyms: 2 asteroid (579) country (281) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

HUNGARY- (Magyarorszag), People's Republic of Hungary (Magyar Nepkoztarsasag), Hungarian People's Republic, state in the Center. Europe, bass. Danube. Pl. 93 tons km2. Us. 10.7 million hours (1983). Capital Budapest (2.07 million f., 1982). V. socialist. state in, developed industry. agr. ... ... Demographic Encyclopedic Dictionary

Hungary- (Hungary), state in the Center. Europe. In the 19th century the repressive policy of Metternich caused a sharp rise in the Hungarians. nationalism and the uprising led by Kossuth (1848). Austrians with the help of Russian. troops regained their control over V. After the defeat ... ... The World History

HUNGARY- HUNGARY. Area 92.916 sq. km, population (as of December 31, 1925) 8.364.635 hours, population density 90 people. per sq. km. The natural movement of the population is expressed in the following figures (per 1,000 people): Tab. 1. The natural movement of the population. 1… … Big Medical Encyclopedia

HUNGARY- Area 93 thousand square kilometers, population 10.6 million (1990). It is an industrially agrarian country with well-developed dairy and beef cattle breeding, horse breeding, and poultry farming. In the structure of gross agricultural output, livestock occupies more than … World sheep breeding

HUNGARY- The Hungarian Republic (Hungarian Magyar Keztarshasag), a state in the east-central part of Europe, covering an area of 93,030 square meters. km. It borders with Slovakia in the north, Ukraine in the northeast, Romania in the southeast, Yugoslavia and Croatia in ... Collier Encyclopedia

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Hungary, Ageev Kirill, Sartakov Maria. Hungary is a small charming country in Central Europe, the interest in which from the side of Russian tourists is constantly growing. Arriving in Budapest, they are convinced that this is not the whole ...

Goulash, Ikarus buses, the Omega group, Rubik's cube - approximately such associations arise when we mention Hungary. But this small European country has something else to brag about - the ballpoint pen was invented here, Imre Kalman and Franz Liszt worked here, the longest tram in the world (54 meters) runs here!

Well, and, of course, Hungary is famous for its capital - Budapest. That's what we'll talk about today - all the most interesting in our TOP-6!

Fact #1: The capital of Hungary consists of two parts

They are called so - Buda and Pest. The first part is more hilly, the second is conditionally “flat”. Once upon a time, these were two different towns located on opposite banks of the Danube - and only in 1873 the commercial Pest and the ancient Buda were united into the modern “Pearl of the Danube”.

Today, parts of the capital of Hungary are connected by numerous bridges - the oldest of them, the Chain Bridge, finally connected Pest and Buda. By the way, this is one of the symbols of Budapest and Hungary - every tourist who leaves the city has a photo of the Chain Bridge in the camera.

Fact number 2: The capital of Hungary - Budapest - is considered one of the best resorts

We are used to the fact that the capital is, first of all, government quarters and business centers. But in Budapest, among other things, it is customary to relax with health benefits! Under the city, at a depth of about 1 kilometer, thermal springs lie - they were first used by the ancient Romans. By the way, it was they who built the first baths on the site of the future capital of Hungary.

Today, most of the baths look like outdoor pools with warm water, as well as saunas. People from all over the world come here - saturated with magnesium and sulfur water helps to cope with cardiovascular, rheumatic and gynecological diseases.

Fact #3: The most beautiful view of the capital of Hungary, Budapest, opens from Mount Gellert

This place, I must say, is mystical - it was Mount Gellert that the Hungarian witches chose for their covens. They say that witches gathered here until 1848, until the authorities built the Citadel here - a large fortress to intimidate the rebellious city.

Today, photographers from all over the world climb the Citadel - from here you can see a stunning panorama of old Budapest, the Fortress Hill, the Chain Bridge and other sights of Hungarian Budapest. By the way, UNESCO even included a view of the Fortress Hill in the World Heritage List.

Fact #4: If you want the Middle Ages, go to Buda

Even ancient travelers considered Buda one of the most beautiful places in old Europe. Today people come here for a unique sense of belonging to history. It is enough to walk along the streets of Fortuna or Tarnok, look at or into the Fortress Quarter to feel like you are on the set of a historical film.

And you can also drink coffee and eat apple strudel (which, by the way, is prepared in Hungary no worse than in Austria!) in the Miro restaurant - in its place in the 16th century the first city cafe was located.

Fact #5: The best shopping in Hungary and Budapest is at the Grand Ring

If you look at the Hungarian capital from the Buda mountains, you can clearly see the unusual layout of the city. The center of Budapest is surrounded by a small ring of highways, the huge Hungaria highway is visible in the distance, and between them is the middle circle - Nogy Kerut, or the Big Ring. This is one of the most famous and liveliest places in the capital - tourists like to walk here and local residents enjoy spending time.

In addition, this is the main shopping street of Budapest - it is simply impossible to count all the shops, boutiques, restaurants, hotels and pastry shops! At some point, it may seem to a tourist that he is walking along one endless shop window - it is better not to come here with an empty wallet.

The most popular, typically “Hungarian” goods among tourists are lace and hand-painted chinaware, paprika, cherry palinka (local vodka) and goose liver.

Fact #6: Vegetarians will be sad in Budapest

After a trip to the capital of Hungary, photos of local culinary masterpieces will take up most of the camera's memory! Hungarians, like no one else, know how to cook game and fish - in local restaurants you can find a record number of meat dishes.

Firstly, vegetable oil is not recognized here - only natural pork fat. Secondly, sour cream is clearly not spared here - this product is considered one of the traditional ones and is prepared according to old technologies. The main dish to try in Budapest is, of course, goulash. Here, either thick and rich meat soup or meat stew is called so. By the way, it is for this reason that connoisseurs advise going to the capital of Hungary in winter - on chilly January evenings, goulash goes with a bang!

If you want something more original, order paprikash, veal giblets, Buda carp or the legendary Esterhazy cake. In general, you will definitely not stay hungry in Budapest!

And finally, a few tips and useful information for those who are already packing their bags to Hungary, more precisely, to its capital, Budapest:

You can buy a Budapest Kartya card from local travel companies - it will give you the right to travel on public transport for free, buy tickets to museums at better prices and even dine in some restaurants with good discounts.

There are only 3 metro lines in Budapest - and every time you change the line you will have to buy a new ticket (at newsstands or directly at the entrance to the metro). By the way, the same tickets are valid not only in the metro, but also in city buses, trams and trolleybuses. But tourists are not advised to take a taxi - it is very expensive, besides, there is no single fixed tariff in Budapest.

The main attractions of Budapest and Hungary in general are museums. They usually work from 10.00 to 18.00, the day off is Monday.

Grocery stores in Budapest are open on weekdays from 7.00 to 19.00, and on Saturdays - only until 14.00. So if you're craving fresh yogurt on a Saturday night, you'll most likely have to go to the supermarket - only they're open 24/7.

If you are planning to travel to Budapest for treatment, it is worth taking with you an extract from your medical record translated into English. It would not be superfluous to take care of an interpreter in advance, who could help local doctors in diagnosis and treatment.

According to Hungarian laws, you cannot appear on the street without documents - this rule also applies to tourists. It is not necessary to carry the original passport with you - leave the documents in the hotel safe, and take photocopies with you.

Useful information for tourists about Hungary, cities and resorts of the country. As well as information about the population, currency of Hungary, cuisine, features of visa and customs restrictions in Hungary.

Geography of Hungary

Hungary is a state in Central Europe bordering Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia.

The Danube River crosses Hungary almost in the middle, another river, the Tisza, flows to the east; both are from north to south. Equally divided the total area of the country lowlands and mountains of medium height.

Most of the right bank of the Danube is occupied by a hilly plain - Transdanubia, which is crossed by a strip of limestone mountains with plateau-like massifs and a height of 400–700 m. Higher mountains stretch along the northeastern border of Hungary, reaching a maximum value in the Matra massif. Here is the highest point of Hungary - Mount Kekes (1015 m).

West of the Danube is Lake Balaton - the largest not only in the country, but throughout Central Europe. This is the warmest lake in the region.

State

State structure

The form of government is a parliamentary republic. The head of state is the president. The head of government is the prime minister. Parliament is a unicameral National Assembly, elected by the people for a term of four years.

Language

Official language: Hungarian

Many Hungarians speak English, German or Russian.

Religion

Catholics - 67%, Protestants (mainly Lutherans and Calvinists) - 25%, Jews.

Currency

International name: HUF

1 forint = 100 fillers. Coins: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 forints each. Banknotes: 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000 and 10000 for.

Currency exchange can only be done at official exchange offices, and a certificate of currency exchange must be kept before leaving the country.

History of Hungary

Modern Hungary was in ancient times part of the Roman province of Pannonia and was one of the first to be conquered by the Germanic tribes in the second century AD. After that, the country was ruled by the Huns, Avars and Franks. At the end of the 9th century, Pannonia was captured by the Magyars.
The first king of the Hungarians was Stephen I (Saint) in 1000, having received the blessing of Pope Sylvester II. For almost 300 years, the Kingdom of Hungary was independent, but after the Mongol invasion in 1241, royal power began to weaken and at the beginning of the 14th century foreign dynasties began to rule the country.
In 1521, Turkey launched a successful war against the Hungarian king, after which the country actually broke up into several relatively independent regions and remained in this state for almost 150 years. At the beginning of the 18th century, power in the country passed to the Austrian royal house of the Habsburgs, and after another 150 years, Austria and Hungary became independent kingdoms under the control of one emperor, and in 1867 Austria-Hungary arose.
On November 11, 1918, the empire was officially liquidated, and five days later Hungary was proclaimed a republic. In the 1920s, the monarchy was restored with the establishment of the pro-fascist Horthy regime, but in 1945 Hungary again became a republic. One of the important, albeit dark, pages of Hungarian history is the 1956 uprising, crushed by Soviet troops.
In 1989, the Hungarian People's Republic was renamed the Republic of Hungary, the communists were effectively removed from power, and in March-April 1990, the first free multi-party elections were held in 45 years. Hungary is a member of the UN, IMF, World Bank, GATT, Council of Europe.

Popular Attractions

Hungary Tourism

Where to stay

Hungary attracts numerous tourists not only with its magnificent nature, but also with its wonderful climate and numerous healing springs and thermal centers. Accommodation in Hungary provides many options for every taste. The official classification of hotels was adopted in Hungary in 2003. Gradation - generally accepted in Europe: from two to five stars.

In Hungary, you can stay in one of the luxurious hotels, where, in addition to excellent service and a beautiful thoughtful interior, guests can enjoy a continental breakfast, the opportunity to use a fitness room, parking, a beauty salon or a hairdresser. Hotels two or three stars offer acceptable service for a very affordable fee. Breakfast is included in the price, you should check the facilities in advance - as some rooms do not have a bathroom and a toilet.

In resort areas, you can stay in one of the spa hotels, which also have a gradation from two to five stars. Here, in addition to accommodation, guests can take advantage of spa services and medical procedures. A higher level of service and a wide range of health services are provided by wellness hotels (gradation - from three to five stars).

In Hungary, you can also stay in a garni hotel, that is, in one where there is no restaurant. This is offset by comfortable living conditions, relatively low fees. And the presence in the immediate vicinity of numerous cafes and restaurants will help solve problems with food.

It is also possible to rent apartments. The cost of living here will depend both on the level of service and on the proximity to historical monuments or thermal resorts. As a rule, apartments are rented for any period. During the tourist season, you should take care of booking in advance.

Popular hotels

Excursions and attractions in Hungary

Hungary is one of the most famous thermal spas in Europe. Picturesque nature, healing springs and also many historical and architectural sights make the rest in Hungary varied and unforgettable.

One of the most famous attractions in Hungary is Lake Balaton, the largest lake in Central Europe. Balaton and its coastal zone have long been famous for their mineral and thermal springs, and are also considered the most popular resort in Hungary. In the north-west of Lake Balaton there is a small town of Heviz, and next to it, in the crater of a long-extinct volcano, there is a lake of the same name - the largest thermal lake in Europe and the most popular place for spa treatment, the main specialization of which is the treatment of the musculoskeletal system .

A very popular place is the picturesque Tihany peninsula, which divides Lake Balaton into two parts. The main attraction of the peninsula is the Benedictine abbey of St. Anjos, made in the Baroque style. Along the northern coast stretches the Balaton Upland National Park with stunning volcanic landscapes. It also includes the protected area of Kish-Balaton. Mount Badochan rises above the shore of the lake, which is famous for its vineyards. Among the most famous resorts of Lake Balaton, it is also worth highlighting Balatonfured with sources of carbonic water, Tapolca with its famous caves (cave air is considered very beneficial for the respiratory system), Siofok, which is the cultural center of Balaton, Keszthely with beautiful architectural monuments and the picturesque Balatonlelle with beautiful beaches . On the coast of Lake Balaton is the city of Sümeg, famous for the largest and one of the most ancient fortresses in the country.

The capital of Hungary, Budapest, which is located on the banks of the Danube, is considered to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Budapest impresses with various historical, architectural and cultural monuments. The main cultural center of the city is Andrássy Avenue with a huge number of famous buildings (the avenue is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List). Among the most famous sights of Budapest, the most famous are: the Royal Palace (Buda Castle), St. Stephen's Basilica, Parliament Building, Vajdahunyad Castle, National History Museum of Hungary, Aquincum Museum, Opera House, Gresham Palace, Matthias Church, Central Synagogue and Freedom Bridge. The capital is also famous for its baths with thermal springs and healing water. The baths are located at the foot of the Buda Mountains, which are also famous for their stunning beauty of the caves. In the very center of Budapest in the middle of the Danube is the picturesque Margaret Island with healing thermal and mineral springs. Budapest has a huge number of excellent restaurants that offer both traditional Hungarian dishes and masterpieces of world cuisine.

Debrecen is a famous European balneological resort. The most famous sights of the city are the Reformed Cathedral, the Deri Museum, the Cathedral of St. Anne, the Nagyörgyo Thermal Park, the City Hall, the Windmill (the largest in Central Europe), the University building and much more.

Hungary is also famous for its ancient castles, among which the most interesting are: Brunsvik Castle (Martonvasar), Grasszalkovich Castle (Gedel), Festeich Palace (Keszthely), Wimpfen Castle (Erd), Siklos fortress and the ruins of the king's castle Matthew Korvin in Vysehrad.

Popular with tourists are also such cities and resorts in Hungary as Veszprem, Miskolc, Pecs, Szeged, Gyor, Vysehrad, Hajdúszoboszlo, Lillafüred and Nyiregyhaza.

Cuisine of Hungary

Hungarian cuisine is characterized by dishes rich in harmonious taste, made using red peppers, onions, tomatoes and capsicum: the famous Hungarian goulash, chicken paprikash with dumplings and cabbage rolls.

The consumption of snacks in Hungary is very limited. The most popular are ham under horseradish, Hungarian sausage with salami, champignons in an egg and goose liver fried in lard, meat salads.

The range of first courses is extensive. Among them, fish soup (halaszle) and chicken broth (ujhazi) take the first place. Fish soup is prepared from different types of fish with the use of paprika, both spices and fresh, tomatoes and onions.

Paprika plays a leading role in almost all national dishes - for example, goulash, perekelt, token and paprikash. Goulash is a cross between soup and meat stew, perekelt is a stew in which chopped onions predominate, token is a dish similar to perekelt, but all dishes with sour cream sauce and paprika are called paprikash.

Of the flour dishes, noodles with cottage cheese, roll (with cherries, cottage cheese, poppy seeds), as well as dumplings shomloi and vargabelesh are popular. Soup is usually served as the first course, followed by the main course and dessert.

The most famous Hungarian wine is Tokay, which for centuries bears the honorary title of "King of Wines and Kings of Wine". The most valuable variety is "Tokay Asu", the quality of which improves as late-harvest grapes are added to the wine.

Hungarian beers Dreher, Aranyaszok, Kobanyai, Soproni and Bak. The most famous variety of champagne is Terlei.

Tips

In restaurants, service is not included in the bill, therefore, as a rule, they give 10-20% of the final amount for tea. The same applies to hairdressers, beauty salons, taxis and other types of services.

Visa

Office Hours

In Budapest, grocery stores and shopping centers are usually open from 07:00 to 19:00 on weekdays, and from 07:00 to 13:00 on Saturdays. On Sundays, only some large supermarkets are open until 14:00. Clothing and other consumer goods stores and department stores are open from 10 am to 6 pm on weekdays, on Saturdays from 09 am to 1 pm.

Museums, as a rule, are open daily from 10 am to 6 pm, the day off is Monday. Many museums are open one day a week for free admission. Banks are open on weekdays from 10 am to 3 pm, on Fridays from 8 am to 1 pm, on Saturdays and Sundays banks are closed.

Purchases

VAT on industrial goods in Hungary is 25%, on products and services - 12%. Foreigners when leaving Hungary can claim the amount of tax if the unit value of the goods exceeds 50 thousand Ft. This rule does not apply to antiques and works of art. There are several offices in Budapest where you can arrange a tax-free purchase. But the reimbursement will not exceed 18% of 25%.

You can get your tax refund at customs when you leave the country. Reimbursement is made only in forints. If you paid with a credit card when making a purchase, the amount can be transferred to your bank account. In this case, make sure that customs stamped the check.

The capital of Hungary - Budapest - the famous "pearl of the Danube". A mighty river divides the city in half. The bridge over it was built only in the nineteenth century. The construction connected the Hungarian capital Buda and the cities of Obuda and Pest.

general information

The capital of Hungary is the main political, commercial, cultural, transport and industrial center of the country. Approximately two million two hundred thousand people live in the city (this is one fifth of all Hungary). In terms of area, Budapest ranks sixth among all EU countries. It is the only city that lies on both sides of the Danube. The two districts, separated by the river, differ significantly from each other in structural terms.

Buda

This part of the city is small in area, ancient, bewitching with its beauties. It enchants with cobblestone streets, small colorful houses, a combination of neoclassical and medieval architecture. Buda is built on gentle hills in the western part of the Danube. One of the main attractions is the Castle Hill - a narrow, flat and long hill, located in the ring of perfectly preserved buildings in the Baroque, Renaissance or Gothic styles. It is crowned by the majestic Royal Palace.

pest

This part of the capital is located on flat lands. Business life is concentrated here. Pest has many large shopping complexes built on wide avenues. The Neo-Gothic Parliament building is the most famous in the city. From a distance, it resembles the English Parliament, only without the legendary Big Ben.

Geographical position

The capital of Hungary - Budapest - is located in the low Carpathian basin. It is surrounded by the Alps, Carpathians and South Slavic mountain ranges. The highest point of the city is Yanosha. Its height is 527 meters. According to geotectonic data, the settlement is located in a fault zone. This explains the presence of many thermal springs, thanks to which the city gained fame as a beautiful resort.

A look into the past

The lands on which the capital of Hungary, Budapest, is currently located, began to be settled more than one thousand years ago. It has been established that from the third century BC. Celtic tribes lived here. Shortly before the advent of our era, the territory became part of the Roman Empire. The Hungarians settled in these lands at the end of the ninth century. In the XIII century. Buda received the status of the main city of the country. The ancient capital of Hungary was in distress in 1541, after the Turkish capture. The city gradually fell into decay, the number of its inhabitants decreased. The settlement was liberated in 1686.

The eighteenth century marked the beginning of large-scale development. Many new districts have appeared in the capital. The unification of Buda, Obuda and Pest took place in 1873. Seven years later, a new concept of the city was developed, according to which new highways were laid and a triple boulevard ring was organized near the avenue.

Due to the hostilities during the Second World War, the capital was seriously damaged. However, after the end of the war, many buildings were restored.

In 1950, the suburbs were annexed to the central part of the city. This is how Greater Budapest was formed. The metro appeared in the capital in the 1960s.

Transport system

The city of Budapest has an extensive public transport network. It includes twenty-nine tram lines, fourteen trolleybus lines and one hundred and eighty bus lines. In addition, it includes a rack railway and three subway lines. Public transport starts its movement at half past five in the morning and ends at eleven in the evening.

Islands

There are seven islands within the capital. These are Csepel, Hayodyari siget, Margit, Palotai, Harosh-siget, Nepsiget and Molnar-siget.

Let's take a closer look at Margaret Island. It was named in this way in honor of the daughter of King Bela the Fourth Margaret (in Hungarian her name sounds like "Margit"). The length of the island is 2.5 km, and the area is 0.965 sq. km. Most of this facility is occupied by a park and numerous recreational facilities. There are bike paths, a fitness center and other entertainment areas on its territory. In the thirteenth century, a monastery of the Dominican order was erected on the island. The aforementioned Margarita labored in it. Later about. Margit has fallen into disrepair. The period of oblivion ended only in the eighteenth century. A palace was built on the island, and the empty lands were planted with beautiful flowers and rare tree species.

Weather

The climate in the capital is temperate continental. Winters are generally mild and short. In summer, the temperature is high, but the sweltering heat is rare.

"Air Gate"

Ferihegy International Airport began operating in 1950. Eleven years after its opening, the length of the runway was increased from 2500 to 3010 meters. The airport is equipped with three passenger terminals. In 2011, he was named after F. Liszt.

Attractions

The capital of Hungary is a very popular place among tourists. In Budapest, there are many beautiful monuments, established both many centuries ago and today. Of particular interest is the architecture of the city, reflecting the diversity of styles.

Buda Palace

It is located in the old part of the city. For the first time this palace became the residence of the king in the thirteenth century, and successfully performed the functions assigned to it for another seven hundred years. Kings such as Lajos the Great, Charles III and Matthias I lived in it. Currently, the palace is home to many museums.

Buda labyrinth

The capital of Hungary is famous for another unusual place. This is a natural labyrinth located under the palace described above. There are no other such natural catacombs anywhere on the planet.

The length of the labyrinth is 1 kilometer 200 meters. Its depth is sixteen meters. Every day (except Saturday and Sunday) fascinating excursions are held on the territory of these catacombs. The exhibition presented in the labyrinth highlights the history of Hungary from antiquity to the present day. The traditional end of each excursion is a "buffet".

Parliament

The Hungarian cities of Pest, Obuda and Buda were merged in 1873. Seven years after this significant event, the members of the National Assembly decided to build the parliament building. This was supposed to emphasize the sovereignty of the Hungarian nation. The winner in the announced competition was the architect I. Steindl. Some of the ideas of his rivals were implemented in the buildings of the Ethnographic Museum and the Ministry of Agriculture.

Work on the landmark building began in 1885. Eleven years later, the first meeting of the State Assembly was held within its walls. Construction was completed only in 1906. The building was erected in an eclectic style. In addition, it is possible to consider the features of the Renaissance, Neo-Gothic and Baroque.

Heroes Square

This square is one of the main ones in the capital. It is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Nearby is the City Park. The Millennium Memorial was erected in the center of the square. This is a composition with the leaders of the seven tribes that founded Hungary in the ninth century, as well as with other prominent historical figures who played an important role in the development of the state.

Freedom Square

This is one of the most impressive squares in the capital. It is surrounded by beautiful buildings - the Hungarian National Bank, the American Embassy and the television center. In the northern part of the square you can see the monument to Soviet soldiers.

Vaci street

This is the heart of the capital. This street is pedestrian. It originates from the square. Vörösmarty, runs along the Danube and rests on the square. Föwam and the picturesque market. There are many shops on Vaci, which is why the street is so popular with tourists and local fashionistas. It is known not only for its boutiques. In this area you can see unique architectural monuments. The facades of many buildings are decorated with mosaics and intricate cast-iron decorations. Vaci is called the center of not only shopping, but also entertainment. On the street several hundred meters long, there are elite restaurants and budget cafes, as well as hotels of different levels.

Andrássy Avenue

Its construction began in 1870. Some note that this avenue is somewhat reminiscent of the notorious Champs Elysees. At the end of each summer, it becomes the venue for the famous Budapest Parade.

More about the state

Hungary is a country located in the center of Europe. Ten million people live on its territory. The total area is ninety-three thousand square kilometers. Hungary ranks 108th in terms of territory and 89th in terms of population. The official language is Hungarian.

The country consists of twenty administrative-territorial units. She has no access to the sea. Hungary on the world map borders on Serbia, Ukraine, Croatia, Romania, Austria and Slovenia.

The predominant religion is Catholicism. More than fifty percent of the country's inhabitants are its adherents. Currently, Hungary (Budapest - the capital) is considered a country with a dynamically developing economy. Since 1955 it has been a member of NATO.

History of Hungary

Until the beginning of the fourteenth century, the Arpads ruled the country. Then they were replaced by the Anjou and Jagiellon dynasties, as well as by non-dynastic monarchs. In 1687, the state became part of the possessions of the Habsburgs. 1848-1849 marked by a national revolution. Its leader was Lajos Kossuth. The uprising was suppressed only thanks to the help of the Russian expeditionary force. They were commanded by General Paskevich. But still in 1867, Franz Joseph made a compromise with the country's elite. The result was the transformation of the Austrian Empire into a dual state. The history of Austria-Hungary entered a new direction. A legislative body was formed in the country - the State Assembly, which consisted of two chambers - Deputies and Peers.

Charles of Austria - the last Hungarian king - ascended the throne in 1916 under the name of Charles the Fourth. He was removed from power two years later. The ruler died in absolute oblivion in 1922. It is noteworthy that in 2004, at the initiative of the Catholic Church, he was beatified.

The result of the democratic uprisings that swept the country after the First World War was the collapse of the Austrian monarchy. The following states were formed on its lands: Czechoslovakia, Austria, the Kingdom of Slovenes, Serbs and Croats, as well as Hungary. There are four more independent countries on the world map.

On November 16, 1918, Hungary acquired the status of a people's republic, but it was soon lost. This happened as a result of the monarchist rebellion. On August 6, 1919, the republic fell. The monarchy was restored, but it was not possible to determine the king. Regent Miklós Horthy was appointed head of state.

In 1938, Hungary entered into an alliance with Nazi Germany. Thanks to this, the map of the country was replenished with the following territories: Transcarpathia and part of Czechoslovakia. Two years later, Transylvania also became part of the state. After Hungary was occupied by the troops of the anti-Hitler coalition, the regent hastily left the country. The State Assembly was convened in the autumn of 1945. In 1946, its representatives adopted a law on the state form. According to this document, Hungary (the map is presented in the article) acquired the status of a republic. The head of the country, respectively, from now on was the president, elected by the State Assembly.

Features of economic development

Hungary (see photo in the article) is a country with a rapidly developing economy. Most of the market transformations in it are almost completed. As for the advantages of the established system, they are as follows: at present, the country is open to foreign investment, it has an efficient taxation system, and bureaucratization has been reduced to the minimum possible. In addition, Hungary is characterized by a developed industrial production (especially observed in modernized enterprises), declining inflation and a fully convertible currency (since 2001). When listing the weaknesses of the current economic system, first of all they mention the gap in internal development, in which the eastern rural areas do not have proper funding. The difference in incomes of the population is still high. Not enough energy is produced. Money laundering is not properly controlled.

The main partner of the country in foreign trade is Germany, providing more than twenty-five percent of Hungary's trade turnover.

Army

A significant reduction and reform of the country's armed forces was carried out at the end of the Cold War. Today they are formed from two branches - the Air Force and the Ground Forces. The latter are also known as Honvedseg (Homeland Defender Corps).

Hungary (Budapest - the capital of the country) began to be guided by new standards in the organization of the army and weapons after joining NATO. In 2004, a transition was made from compulsory military service to a professional army.

State symbols

The flag of Hungary is a rectangular panel. It consists of three identical horizontal stripes of red, white and green. The ratio of length to width is 3:2. Why is the flag of Hungary painted in these colors? This is explained as follows: red is a symbol of the blood of patriots shed in the battles for the independence of the country; white - a symbol of nobility and morality of the Hungarian people; green reflects the hope for a good future for the country.

The coat of arms of Hungary is a shield divided into two parts (on the left - red and white stripes, on the right - a patriarchal cross resting on a golden crown, which stands on a green mountain with three peaks). He is crowned with St. Stephen.

The most remarkable settlements of the country

The map of Hungary with cities, which you can see below, gives an idea of the territorial division of the country. The largest area is near the capital - Budapest, the smallest - near the town of Palsach with its 1114 inhabitants. The largest village of Solymar is home to ten thousand people, while the smallest is home to only twenty.

Debrecen is called the eastern capital of the country. It regularly hosts various events including poetry festivals, jazz days, international choir competitions and stunning flower carnivals.

The small Orthodox town of Szentendre is especially popular among museum lovers. It has a special charm due to its pretty streets and beautifully decorated houses. Unforgettable impressions will be left by numerous confectioneries, from which the dizzying aroma of fresh pastries can be heard.

Once the city of Visegrad was the capital of the state. At present, only ruins remain of it. By mystical coincidence, only Solomon's Tower survived, which for a long time was the place of imprisonment of the notorious Count Dracula. The town is located forty kilometers from the capital.

natural attractions

Hungary (photos are presented in the article) is an incredibly beautiful country. And it is famous not only for its architectural monuments, museums, monuments, etc. There are many natural attractions on its territory. Let's talk about some of them in more detail.

Balaton

This lake is the largest in Central Europe. Thermal and mineral springs beat on its coast. The reservoir is navigable, it is home to more than twenty species of fish. A special service has been organized to take care of the numerous swans living in these places.

National Park on the Balaton Upland

It is located north of Balaton. The park was founded in 1997. It features a volcanic landscape. This area is mountainous, where you can see extinct volcanoes, and empty geysers, and lava outcrops, memorable for their bizarre shapes. In the western meadow of Shashdi, you can see a relic plant of the Ice Age - mealy primrose. It cannot be found anywhere else in Hungary.

Heviz

This thermal lake is located near the city of the same name. Its area is forty-seven and a half thousand square kilometers. The water in this lake is rich in ammonium, potassium, calcium, sodium, fluorides, chlorides, iodides, bromides, carbonate peroxide, sulfates, sulfides, metaboric acid and dissolved oxygen. No wonder this place is popular among those who want to improve their health.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Many cities in Hungary are famous for their unique sights of special cultural, historical and architectural value. And not only in the capital there is something to see.

Holloko

This village is the only open-air ethnographic museum of its kind. It is noteworthy that people live in it to this day. The entire population of Hollokyo, which is more than four hundred people, is sensitive to the preservation of folk traditions and the way of life of their ancestors. Most of the buildings in the village are adobe houses with verandas decorated with ornate carvings. Local residents are actively engaged in pottery, traditional embroidery, and woodcarving. A visit to this place leaves an indelible impression, especially among residents of megacities.

Caves of Aggtelek

They are located in the National Park. The most famous and largest is Baradla. Its length is twenty-six kilometers.

Slovak karst

This mountain range is located on the border of two states - Slovakia and Hungary. Since 1973, it has been protected as a special landform. The surrounding area has the status of a biosphere reserve. The massif consists of limestones and dolomites. It is covered with hornbeam and oak forests.

Conclusion

Hungary is a country with a long and complex history. Its capital - Budapest - has an interesting origin. The main city of the state was formed by the merger of several settlements. The Danube, as if cutting Budapest in half, is a kind of border between the two parts of the capital, contrasting from a historical and geographical point of view. The map of Hungary with cities presented in the article reflects this feature of the city.

At the end of the 9th century, the Magyar tribes from Western Siberia moved to the Danube, thus beginning the formation of the state of Hungary. Modern Hungary is visited annually by millions of tourists to see the numerous Hungarian historical monuments, visit the famous local balneological resorts, and swim in the waters of the "Hungarian Sea", as Lake Balaton is sometimes called.

Geography of Hungary

Hungary is located in Central Europe, bordering Slovakia to the north, Romania and Ukraine to the east, Croatia and Yugoslavia to the south, and Slovenia and Austria to the west. The total area of this country is 93,030 square kilometers, and the total length of the state border is 2,242 km.

A significant part of the territory of Hungary is located on the Middle Danube Plain. This means that most of the territory of Hungary has a flat relief. In the north of Hungary is the Matra mountain range. It is there that tourists can see the highest Hungarian mountain - Kekes, whose height is 1,014 m.

The Danube flows through the entire territory of Hungary from north to south. Another largest river in Hungary is the Tisza.

Hungary is famous for its lakes, of which there are a lot. The most famous of them is Lake Balaton, whose area is 594 square meters. km, as well as lakes Velence and Ferte.

Capital

The capital of Hungary is Budapest, which currently has a population of almost 1.9 million people. The history of Budapest begins in the 1st century. BC. - Then there was a settlement of the Celts on this place.

Official language of Hungary

In Hungary, the official language is Hungarian, which, according to linguists, belongs to the Ugric group, which is part of the Uralic language family.