History and facts about Zadonsk. Zadonsk Reserve "Galichya Mountain"

It appeared on the site of the Teshevka settlement during the creation of the Voronezh governorship in 1779. The name comes from geographical location– the city is located across the Don River. In 1781, the coat of arms of Zadonsk was established.

In 1914, the following factories operated in the city: lard-making, soap-making, tile, brick, and wax factories. In 1985, a butter factory, a bakery factory, and a radio factory were added to them.

In 1937, Zadonsk was part of Oryol region, in 1954 – Lipetsk. During the Great Patriotic War, the city was subjected to enemy air raids several times.

A special event will be organized in Zadonsk tourist area where they will be located entertainment centers and sports facilities, ski slopes, hotel complexes.

Founded by elders Gerasim and Kirill on the banks of the Teshevka River. In 1692 there was a fire that completely destroyed the monastery. Only the copy of the icon of the Mother of God, which was brought by the elders in 1610, remained intact.

In 1798, construction began on the monastery stone buildings. In 1815, the cells were renovated and a hospital was built. A large number of pilgrims to the monastery occurred during the reign of Tikhon of Zadonsk.

Currently, the monastery is being actively reconstructed, new churches are being built. About 400 inhabitants live in the monastery, who do their own repairs. Thanks to the 500 hectares of land owned by the monastery, it provides itself with food. The shrines of the monastery are the relics of Tikhon, as well as particles of the relics of 11 Zadonsk righteous people.

Location: Kommuny street - 14.

Founded in 1993 on the site of Tikhonovsky monastery. In the center stands the snow-white Trinity Cathedral. Nearby is the same white bell tower. The monastery became even more famous in 1999, when the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God was returned here. As soon as it was installed in the temple, the icon became myrrh.

Currently, about 50 nuns live in the monastery, who raise livestock, bake bread, sew vestments, and restore icons. The main activity, of course, is worship. Next to the monastery there is a holy spring, which was consecrated by Tikhon.

It was built in 1800. It is distinguished by its perfect architecture in the strength of classicism. IN Soviet time There was a local history museum in the temple building. In 1997, services are held in the church again. Currently, the Assumption Church is an object cultural heritage.

Location: Uritsky street - 15.

It is located 5 km from Zadonsk in the Bolkhov village. It is not known exactly when the church was built; the first mention dates back to 1626. The temple stands on the banks of the Don and offers stunning views of the river bank.

During Soviet times, there was a workshop in the church. In 1997, the temple reopened and held services. They pray to Paraskeva Pyatnitsa for well-being and ask for help with illnesses.

Location: Bolkhovskoe village - 4 km. from the city.

The park is located in a pine forest, not far from the Don. This sports complex, which features various sports entertainment. There is a climbing wall, trampolines, billiards, mini golf, and a rope park. In winter you can go skiing and tubing. The town has everything you need for sports at any time of the year. The organizers are holding team competitions.

On the territory of the park there is a tent camp, a hotel, and a cafe. All adrenaline lovers, of course, come here.

Location: Utkinsky Otrez tract.

A very interesting sports park. Located on the territory of a mixed forest, in an ecological zone. The park is suitable for the whole family. For the little ones there will be a children's playground, and for older people there will be a nine-meter climbing wall, a ropes course with several stages of difficulty, rock climbing, and a zipline downhill. There is a tank training ground here where real battles take place.

The park employees offer to spend your birthday in the form of a forest quest. Everyone leaves here only in a good mood.

Location: Skeet tract.

The park is located near Zadonsk, in the village of Kamenka. This entertaining picturesque place will delight guests with its huge territory.

The organizers recreated the Scythian fortress, in which a museum was created that introduces them to their life.

Visitors will be interested in yaks, ostriches, camels, deer, and kangaroos freely walking around the park, which they can feed. There are artificial lake, and even a holy spring.

Children will love the playground with fairy-tale characters. Those who are tired from walking can relax on benches next to the grotto or go to a cafe.

It is considered the most beautiful building in Zadonsk. The house got its name from its last owner, the pharmacist Ulrich.

Currently there is a local history museum here and excursions are held. The museum will appeal not only to adults, but also to children. The guides will tell you about the history of the city, its monasteries, and peasant life.

Ulrich's pharmacy will tell you about the benefits of medicinal plants and prepare medicinal tea for all guests. The presenters will offer to write recipes, but not with a pen, but with real ink.

Location: Kommuny street - 5.

Unusual monuments

Zadonsk will surprise city guests with unusual monuments. For example, a monument to penicillin, the first antibiotic. It was built near the veterinary station in 2001. The idea belonged to Yuri Dmitrievich Sedov, a veterinarian. The monument is an ampoule with the inscription “Penicillin”.

Sedov erected the next monument in 2007. It was a globe with a microscope. The veterinarian believed that if the microscope had not been invented, then life on earth would not exist. Another idea of ​​veterinarian Yuri Dmitrievich is a monument to a mouse. Sedov considers these rodents to be amazing animals that have made it possible to study human diseases.

Location: Gorky street - 27,.

A monument in the form of a female figure and the obelisks surrounding her. Each one has a different name, but the last name is the same.

Maria had 12 children, 8 of whom never returned from the war. Every day she remembered her boys, read letters, and prayed for them.

The monument, erected on the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of the victory, is dedicated to all the mothers who were expecting their children from the war.

Opened in 2014 This museum has a truly historical atmosphere, as it is located in an old house.

The guides will tell guests about the history of porcelain and Pavloposad shawls. There is a store at the museum where everyone can buy figurines made of Khokhloma and crystal, Gzhel, and gesture painting.

Location: Kommuny street - 22.

Founded by the writer and journalist A. Kosyakin. The museum will tell about the history of Russia, Soviet and perestroika times. The tour is led by the founder himself. Here there are rare documents about denunciations during the time of Stalin, a decree on the abolition of serfdom, the first article is an interview with Solzhenitsyn upon his return to his homeland. The museum contains about 6000 exhibits.

Everyone knows about another amazing place in Zadonsk. A magical oak tree where pilgrims come to touch and pray. They say that the tree is more than 300 years old and St. Tikhon himself loved to rest under its branches.

The oak first made itself known when the owners of the house next to which the tree grew wanted to cut it down. But they couldn’t, because the wonderful oak suddenly began to sing church prayers.

In Zadonsk they believe that oak warns of troubles and helps get rid of diseases and troubles. At the end of 1990, the tree lost myrrh. Many scientists came to the city and conducted research.

Former hospital building photo from Morev's archive

Let's turn down the street. Krupskaya towards the monastery. At the intersection with Svoboda Street, formerly called Malodvoryanskaya, there is a dilapidated house.

This is the building of the former district hospital, purchased by the zemstvo in 1886 from the heirs of the mayor, Major Kholyapin. During the Soviet years, the building became a college dormitory, and then before the fire it became an apartment building. Since then it has stood abandoned without a roof or windows. Let's turn left along Svoboda Street and reach another destroyed house - the Zadonsk School of Craft Students (#22). The school was opened in 1896 under the patronage of Princess Eugenie of Oldenburg with the task of training personnel “in relation to the needs

Agriculture and village life." The Zadonsk school of craft students was one of the first technical schools in Russia. In 1900, she took part in the Paris World Exhibition and received a 1st degree diploma and a Grand Bronze Medal for the exhibits presented. The modern Zadonsk College of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture (the main building nearby) dates back to the founding of this school.

Now, after a fire that destroyed the wooden part of the building, only the right brick wing remains, abandoned and without a roof.

Zadonsky district formed on July 30, 1928 as part of the Central Black Earth Region (CChO) (until 1930 it was part of the Yeletsk district). After the division of the Central Black Sea Region on December 31, 1934, it became part of the Voronezh region, and on September 27, 1937 - into the newly formed Oryol region. After the formation of the Lipetsk region on January 6, 1954, it was included in its composition. Physiographic location The district is located in the Central part of the Lipetsk region, so it borders only with the districts that are part of it: in the north with Krasninsky And Lebedyansky , in the northeast - from Lipetsk , in the southeast with Khlevensky , in the south with Terbunsky , in the southwest with . Dolgorukovsky, in the northwest with Yeletsky Administrative center

– the city of Zadonsk – located 60 km from the regional center – the city

The terrain is mostly flat. The territory of the district is located within the Don River valley and partly on the Voronezh-Don watershed plateau. The watershed plateau is characterized by hilly terrain, a dissected ravine-gully network, a high groundwater level, and the presence of soils with weak bearing capacity.

Minerals

The Zadonsk region is rich in mineral resources. The most common are refractory clay, construction sand, technological limestone, and building stone. Of the 5 deposits, 2 are state reserves (South-Western and Central sections of the Lukoshkinskoye deposit and Vodopyanovskoye).

Weather and climatic conditions

The territory of the region belongs to the southwestern agroclimatic region and is characterized by a temperate continental climate with warm summers and relatively cold winters. The annual precipitation here reaches 500-550 mm. The average January air temperature is -9 o -10 o C, July +20 o C. South-western, western and north-western winds predominate.

Soils

On the territory of the Zadonsk region there are three main types of soils characteristic of the Upper Don region in general: chernozems, gray forest soils and alluvial meadow soils.

Water resources

Water resources are represented by the Don River, which crosses the territory of the region from north to south (the average annual flow rate near the city of Zadonsk is 128 m 3 /sec.), and eight rivers included in its basin - Snova, Studenets, Chichera, Kamenka, Repets, Gnilusha and etc. The total length of rivers and streams within the region reaches 279 km. The Zadonsk region is also famous for its springs, some of which are considered holy. There are mineral underground natural waters in the area.

Botanical-geographical zoning

According to botanical and geographical zoning, the Zadonsky district is located in the steppe zone and belongs to the Olymsk-Don region with island oak forests, willows, aspen bushes, ravine grass-sedge bogs, with the remains of forb-low-sedge steppes, as well as to the Don-Voronezh region, which is a transitional strip from the Central Russian Upland to the Oka-Don Plain - with a variegated vegetation, without sphagnum bogs and halophilic complex.

Flora and fauna

The vegetation cover of the region consists of forests, steppes, agrophytocenoses, and floodplain meadows. Forests, making up more than 16% of the lands of the Zadonsk region, are under the jurisdiction of the Zadonsk and Don forestry enterprises. Pine, oak and birch forests grow here. To a greater extent they are concentrated along ravines, the slopes of river valleys and on terraces above the floodplain. Large forest areas have been preserved in the vicinity of the city of Zadonsk. Steppe vegetation has been preserved in the form of narrow strips or isolated spots along the slopes of ravines and ravines.
Populations of rare plant species (yellow flax, whole-leaved clematis, desert sheep, Marshall's corydalis, wallflower, onosma protozoa, Shiverekia Podolskaya, etc.) and plants listed in the Red Book of the RSFSR (lady's slipper, feather grass) are preserved in the region. Rare animal species include the badger and squirrel; a marmot (baibak) was released for reacclimatization.

Literature

• Zadonsk// Geography of Russia: enc. / ch. ed. A. P. Gorkin. – M., 1998. – P. 190.
• Zadonsk// Cities of Russia: enc. / ed. G. M. Lappo. – M., 1994. – P. 143.
• Morev L. Zadonsk // Lipetsk Encyclopedia: in 3 volumes / ed.-comp. B. M. Shalnev, V. V. Shakhov. - Lipetsk, 2000. - T. 2. - P. 30.
• Bukharov Yu. Zadonsky district // Lipetsk encyclopedia: in 3 volumes / ed.-comp. B. M. Shalnev, V. V. Shakhov. - Lipetsk, 2000. - T. 2. - P. 35-40.
• City of Zadonsk. Zadonsky district// Geography of the Lipetsk region: nature, population, economy: textbook. manual for universities / L. N. Belyaeva [etc.]; scientific ed. B. I. Kochurov; LSPU. - Lipetsk, 2008. – P. 200-204, 257-261.
• Natural resources and environment of subjects Russian Federation. Central federal district / ed. G. V. Dobrovolsky [and others]; National information Agency "Natural Resources", Russia. ecol. federal information agency. - M.: NIA-Priroda, REFIA. – 2004. - [T. 1]: Lipetsk region/ ed.: N. G. Rybalsky, V. V. Gorbatovsky, A. S. Yakovlev. - 2004. - 596 p.: ill.
• Okorokov V. A. Rivers of the Lipetsk region / V. A. Okorokov, N. V. Peshkova, S. V. Kozlovsky; All-Russian Nature Conservation Society, Lipetsk. region department – Lipetsk: Infol, 2003. - 128 p.
• Sarychev V. Upper Don - a protected region // Lipetsk Land. Historical heritage. Culture and art / ch. ed. A. M. Tarunov. – Lipetsk, 2003. – P.12-15. - (Heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation)
• Rivers of the Lipetsk region: Don: routes of ecological tourism in the Lipetsk region / V. S. Sarychev [etc.]. - Lipetsk, 2015. – P. 160-229.
• Mikhno V. B. On the creation of a landscape-ecological framework of the Zadonsky district of the Lipetsk region / V. B. Mikhno, A. V. Kuchin // Nature of the Lipetsk region and its protection. - Lipetsk, 2011. – Issue. 13. - pp. 85-98.
• Bolyshova O. G. Features of the geospace of small towns in the Lipetsk region [Lebedyan, Gryazi, Zadonsk] / O. G. Bolyshova // Nature of the Lipetsk region and its protection. - Lipetsk, 2011. – Issue. 13. - pp. 133-144.
• Alexandrova K. I. Taxonomic biodiversity of the flora of the banks of the Studenets River (within the Zadonsk region) / K. I. Aleksandrova, Yu. N. Kulak // Questions of natural science: materials of interuniversity. scientific conf. teachers, graduate students and students / Leningrad State Pedagogical University, EHF. - Lipetsk, 2005. – Issue. 13. - pp. 32-36.
• Sarychev V. S. The current state of the European bobak Marmota bobac bobac Muller, 1776 in the Lipetsk region: [described in detail using an example. colonies in Dankov., Lev-Tolstov., Krasnin., Lebedyan., Izmalkov., Dolgorukov., Zadon. district] / V. S. Sarychev // Rare species of mushrooms, plants and animals of the Lipetsk region: information. Sat. materials / holes ed. V. S. Sarychev. - Voronezh, 2011. – Issue. 4. - pp. 73-132.
• Lipetsk plein air. Vol. III: "To Holy Places": exhibition catalogue. / comp. and ed. entry Art. T. I. Nechaeva; ed. F. I. Zhilyaev; ph. D. V. Nechaev; Ex. culture and art Lipets. region, Administration of Zadon. district, VTOO "Union of Artists" Russia." - Lipetsk, 2007. - 47 p. : ill.

Center of the Zadonsky district of the Lipetsk region. Located on the left bank of the Don River near the Don highway of federal significance (Rostov-Moscow). Population - 10,300 (as of January 1, 2006).

From 1779 to 1924 - the center of the Zadonsk district of the Voronezh province. In accordance with the resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of May 12, 1924, the Zadonsky district was liquidated, its territory became part of the Voronezh district of the Voronezh province. Until 1928, Zadonsk was a volost center. Since July 30, 1928 district center Eletsk district of the Central Black Sea Region. Since June 23, 1930 - the regional center of the Central Black Sea Region. Since 1934 - the regional center of the Voronezh region. Since September 27, 1937 - the regional center of the Oryol region. From January 6, 1954 to today - the regional center of the Lipetsk region.

The settlement, which gave rise to Zadonsk, appeared on the left bank of the Teshevka River around 1610, in connection with the founding of the Teshevsky (Zadonsky) Bogoroditsky Monastery, as its patrimonial possession. It was first mentioned in the payment books of the Zasosensky camp of the Yelets district 7123 (1615): “Behind the monastery, under the Teshevsky forest, the Teshevskaya settlement on the Teshevka river on the top.” By 1627, the settlement consisted of 21 courtyards.

There is no evidence of earlier settlement of the territory occupied by Zadonsk, including archaeological evidence. However, the issue of the founding of Zadonsk is closely related to the problem of the localization of Teshev, known from the end of the death of the Grand Duke of Ryazan Ivan Vasilyevich and his brother Fyodor Vasilyevich dated August 19, 1496. In the end, “Teshev all” is mentioned in a geographical context, suggesting an undoubted connection with the Teshevsky forest and the Teshevka river.

In 1765, as part of the policy of secularization of church lands, the settlement was transferred to the category of “economic”. In 1779 it was elevated to the status of a city.

The city of Zadonsk, as the center of the newly formed Zadonsk district, was established by the Decree of Empress Catherine II of September 25, 1779 “On the formation of the Voronezh Viceroyalty of 15 districts” from “the village under the Zadonsk monastery, called Slobodka.” The original name of the city, according to the imperial decree, was “Zadonskaya”. It was transformed into the shorter “Zadonsk” almost immediately after the renaming.

On September 21, 1781, according to the Supremely approved report of the Senate “On the approval of coats of arms for the cities of the Voronezh Viceroyalty,” Zadonsk was given a coat of arms. It became “a tower built across the Don River in a silver field, signifying the true position of this city.”

On March 19, 1782, the General Plan for the Development of Zadonsk was approved by the Highest, according to which the architectural appearance of the city was subsequently formed. The historical layout is preserved today. Architectural monuments- Assumption City Cathedral (1798-1800), architect. unknown; a noble city mansion of the first third of the 19th century, called “Ulrich’s House”; Vladimir Cathedral of the Zadonsk Nativity of the Theotokos Monastery (1846-1853), built based on the design of K. A. Ton; Trinity Parish Church (1887-1897), architect. A. A. Cui (View).

Vladimir Cathedral of the Zadonsk Monastery.

St. Vladimir's Cathedral.

Church of Tikhon of Zadonsk.

Church in honor of Christmas Holy Mother of God.

From the end of the 18th century. the fame of Zadonsk as one of the recognized centers of Russian Orthodoxy is formed. This is due to the fact that in 1769 the Teshevsky monastery was chosen for retirement by the Bishop of Voronezh and Yelets Tikhon (Sokolovsky) (1724 - 08/13/1783). It was within the walls of the Teshevsky, and then Zadonsky monastery, that this bishop, who left the episcopal see due to illness, reached heavenly heights on his earthly path. Here the main spiritual works were born, which brought him the fame of the “Russian Chrysostom”. St. was destined here. Tikhon had to endure a lot and gain even more in order to ultimately be crowned with a fragrant crown of holiness.

Monument to Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk in the Zadonsk Monastery.

In 1861, Saint Tikhon was canonized. On August 12-13, 1861, in the Zadonsk Bogoroditsky Monastery, celebrations took place on the occasion of the canonization of St. Tikhon, Bishop of Voronezh, the Wonderworker of Zadonsk, which gathered up to 300,000 pilgrims. This event became decisive for the further history of both the city and the Bogoroditsky Monastery, as well as those that arose later, in the period before 1917.

From the first years of its existence, the city’s economy was focused on meeting local needs and serving pilgrims who came to worship the shrines of the Zadonsk monasteries (small trade, private rental of apartments, crafts, commercial gardening). In 1914, 2 mills, 4 brick factories, 3 tile factories, 2 tile factories, 1 lime factory, 1 lard factory, 1 soap factory, and 1 wax factory were registered in Zadonsk. The number of hired workers is only 66 people.

By 1985, the industry was represented by a vegetable drying plant, a creamery, a food processing plant of the regional consumer cooperatives, a bakery, a regional industrial plant, and the Tsvetron radio assembly plant. At the beginning of 2009, a bakery, a meat processing shop and a mineral water bottling plant operated in the city.

The largest of educational institutions- Zadonsk Agricultural College (View), which grew out of the Zadonsk School of Craft Students, established on December 20, 1893, on the basis of the Highest approved opinion of the State Council. An exhibit made by school students - “a pedestal made of carved oak in the Russian style with a nickel-plated cart” received a First Class Diploma and a medal at the World Exhibition in Paris (1900).

In 2006, the Zadonsky district became the center of a special economic zone of the regional level of the tourist and recreational type “Zadonshchina” created on the basis of the district.

Behind the altar of the Vladimir Cathedral of the Zadonsk Nativity of the Virgin Mary Monastery, the great Russian commander - Infantry General N. N. Muravyov-Karsky (14(25).7.1794 - 18(30).10.1866) was buried in a specially constructed crypt, who ended his days on the estate - the village of Skornyakovo (about 30 km north of Zadonsk).

Zadonsk is the birthplace of the writer Nikolai Alekseevich Zadonsky (Koptev) (07/14/27/1900 - 06/15/1974). He was buried in Zadonsk in the city cemetery. Memorial exhibition in the city local history museum. The writer's house has been preserved.