Architectural, historical, natural monuments of the Crimean peninsula. Crimea for Russians - architectural monuments of Crimea, information about architectural monuments of Crimea What architectural structures were built in Crimea

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Many cultures have left their mark on the history and architecture of Crimea, including religious monuments. From the place of the baptism of Rus' to the small Jerusalem of Evpatoria, unique works of architects of different faiths have been preserved.

The central mosque of Yevpatoria is located near the park named after Karaev. This building has a great cultural and historical value- was founded back in 1552. Naturally, since then it has gone through many reconstructions and tragic events, but since 1990 it has again become the main mosque of the city. The architect is the famous Turkish architect Hoxha Sinan, the fruits of his labor remain in Istanbul - there more than 300 buildings were built according to his designs. The mosque is also called Khan-Jami for its important role in politics during the Crimean Khanate. Now in this, perhaps the most beautiful mosque in Crimea, excursions are held on weekends for a small donation.

The center of the religious life of all Karaites of Crimea, Karaite kenasses are located at the beginning of Karaimskaya Street in the old city. This complex includes two kenassas, a religious school, courtyards, a museum of Karaite culture and libraries. Towards the legacy ancient people Now everyone can touch it by taking part in a tour of these amazing buildings of the 18th century. In the exhibition of the museum named after S.I. Kushul you can get acquainted with items of Karaite national life. The interior features furniture from the houses of wealthy Karaites, photographs of famous Karaite figures, and national costumes.

This temple is located at the beginning of the Evpatoria Embankment and is one of the main architectural dominants of the city, defining the recognizable silhouette of Evpatoria from the sea. The temple was built in 1911–1918 by city architect A.L. Henry. The temple building is decorated with beautiful sand-colored shell stone; the church itself was built in the Greco-Byzantine style, so traditionally the building plan has the shape of a cross. The building is especially attractive because of its three stained-glass arched windows, which reflect the light from inside the temple in the evening, and the three-tier bell tower, which is significantly higher than the dome of the temple.

This snow-white cathedral with blue domes is the second largest in Crimea; it was founded in the name of the events of the Crimean War in 1893. Up to 2,000 parishioners can be inside the building at the same time. Architecturally, this cathedral was created in the likeness of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, its main highlights are a huge 18-meter dome and a square bell tower with 14 bells, as well as an octagon-shaped building plan. Unfortunately, the original decorations have not survived. However, the temple was lucky in another way - it was not blown up during the Great Patriotic War, only the windows were broken. The cathedral is located next to the mosque and, by choosing a good angle, you can take a photo of two monuments of different religions at the same time.

The Jewish prayer house was founded in 1911 with donations from craftsmen, which is why it is sometimes called “craft house”. The first services were held here a year later, but the synagogue did not operate for long; in 1930 it was already closed. This is the only Jewish religious building in Evpatoria that has survived to this day. The rectangular building is located in such a way that the altar is oriented towards Jerusalem. The central entrance, under a stained-glass window in the shape of a six-pointed star, is for men, and the side entrances are for women. The synagogue offers excursions; before entering, you must wear a special headdress. Thanks to the close proximity of buildings of different religions: a synagogue, Karaite kenass, the Muslim monastery of Tekie Dervishes and the Juma Jami mosque, Evpatoria received the name “Little Jerusalem”.

Main temple Sevastopol is located right in the city center on Bolshaya Morskaya Street. The cathedral building took 13 years to erect from local Inkerman stone. During the Great Patriotic War, the temple was severely damaged by bombing, an entire chapel was lost, and many people died, since a hospital was organized there. This unusual church is decorated with five domes, which were only gilded in 1992. The central dome is surrounded by four twelve-sided turrets, which are topped with small onions.

It is believed that Kievan Rus was baptized precisely in Chersonesus, which was called Korsun during the reign of Vladimir Krasno Solnyshko. The chronicle even mentioned the temple in which this happened. When archaeologists found its foundation, it was decided to erect a new church here, which was destined to become the largest temple in Crimea. Construction was completed in 1891, and the first stone of the future temple was laid by Emperor Alexander II three decades earlier. This temple is now the main symbol of the baptism of Rus', despite the fact that most of the time it stood in ruins and was restored only in the 90s of the last century.

On the Central City Hill there is another Byzantine-style cathedral, named after Prince Vladimir. This temple is combined with an important monument to the history of the city - the tomb of the admirals, paying tribute to the heroes of the Sevastopol defense of 1854–1855. The graves of four admirals, the fathers of the city, who did not leave Sevastopol during the siege, were connected by a common tomb. On top of it is a flat black marble cross on four sides of which the names and dates of death of the admirals are engraved in bronze. Later, more fleet commanders and participants in the first defense of the city were buried near the temple.

This church has long been one of the recognizable symbols of Crimea. The construction of a church with unusual black domes was celebrated miraculous salvation royal family during a train crash in 1888. The chosen location is truly unique - a rocky cliff hanging over the southern coast. The church was built at an altitude of 412 meters above sea level and attracts a huge number of wedding ceremonies with its picturesque location. There is a spacious area around the church Observation deck, cafes and souvenir stalls.

The church in the Byzantine-Georgian style was commissioned by Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich Romanov in 1885. The church has a special feature - arched doors arranged in parallel pairs, which give it a special lightness and affect the acoustics. The mosaics in the church were created with the assistance of an Italian master, one of them depicts such a rare subject as Jesus in adolescence. Starting from Alexander III, the royal family, all the Grand Dukes and Duchesses who were vacationing on the South Coast, came here to pray. A special type of Byzantine singing is used here, which cannot be heard anywhere else on the peninsula.

This new temple built on a picturesque area at the foot of the Ai-Nikola rock in a place where archaeological remains of an ancient monastery were found. The surrounding rocks create excellent acoustics, which is used by the male choir during services. The temple was built in record time thanks to a local philanthropist and now attracts many visitors. Regular services are held here and there is a baptismal center.

The chapel of this temple in the old city center is best visible from the sea, and can be seen on all postcards and paintings of the 19th century. First Orthodox church was built on Polikurovsky Hill, when Yalta was still literally a fishing village. It was originally built according to the drawings of an Italian architect. But later the famous city architect Nikolai Krasnov expanded the temple. However, during the Soviet period, the temple was lost, only the bell tower remained, and only due to its international significance - it is included in all international sailing directions for the Black Sea. And only by 1998 the temple was rebuilt according to Toricelli’s drawings found in the Vorontsov Palace.

The diverse national composition of Crimea and its turbulent history also determined the eclecticism of its architecture.
Palaces, villas and temples were built according to the canons and in imitation of Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire, Byzantium and Turkey, the countries of the Levant and Maghreb. Russian aristocrats, and then simply wealthy people of the Russian Empire, demanded an incredible mixture of styles from architects.
The admiration for everything foreign, so typical of Russians, at the Crimean crossroads of civilizations gave rise to a real riot in a mixture of Gothic, classical, Moorish, Empire, and Art Nouveau styles. All this was complicated and colored by the techniques of construction and gardening of the most different nations Asia and Europe.
Nevertheless, traditional houses on South Coast The Crimea and the mountain valleys have much in common in their structure and layout. Flat tiled roofs extending far from the walls, wooden balconies and galleries with carvings in which the lattice frames of nomadic dwellings can be discerned.

This is a special masonry of stones, only one face of which is hewn. High fences made of rough stone and courtyards as an integral continuation of rooms and utility rooms. All this, thanks to tall shady trees, vines and flowers, turns even buildings closely huddled on a steep slope into cozy family nests. They are inaccessible to the eyes of others, but for friends they are rich in the fact that here every thing and every green sprout, every stone and every living creature from a cricket to a horse form a single world.
Water has always played a special role in Crimean life. Of course, fountains or streams simply flowing through the courtyard and garden are part of traditional housing. Fountains in villages were centers of communication and selection of brides and grooms. In rich houses - a place to receive distinguished guests.
The Crimean architectural traditions were most fully embodied in the reconstruction of the Khan's Palace in Bakhchisarai during the time of Khan Crimea-giray (Kyrym-giray). Crimea-Girey was elected for two terms (recall that the khans were elected by 4 main aristocratic families from the Girey dynasty, as descendants of Genghis Khan). He reigned from 1758 to 1764 and from 1768 to 1769. The most famous is the Fountain of Tears, built by the Persian master Omer on his instructions.
After Russian troops under the command of Minich and Lassi burned the Khan's Palace in 1737, it stood in ruins for a long time. This was not the only failure of several of Crimea Giray's predecessors. He broke through to the throne by force and rebellion, because the choice of the Crimean aristocracy had to be approved by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, and he did not particularly want to see a strong personality on the Crimean throne.
The young prince began his career with the administration of the province of Budjak (now this part of the Crimean Khanate is called Transnistria). Budzhak was characterized by instability even then, but Crimea Giray earned support from both the local Nogais and the capital of Crimea. Being an educated man, he organized geological exploration of minerals in the mountains of Crimea, Kuban and the North Caucasus (Kuban and Kabarda also belonged to the Crimean Khanate at that time).
You can see that Armenian stone-cutting art, Russian wood carving, lightweight but landslide- and earthquake-resistant wooden frames like the Caucasian sakli, Ukrainian and Moldavian motifs in paintings - all this organically entered into the restoration of the palace buildings and the creation of new ones.
But the main thing was that all the buildings of the palace received a single style in design. It was called Crimean Rococo, since the Khan of Crimea Giray was under great cultural influence from France. Rococo - shell, curlicue (in French) in Europe, of course, looks completely different. The only common thing is the desire to decorate every little detail in architecture and interior.
At that time, France did not give up hope of controlling Crimea, if not directly, then indirectly. In Bakhchisarai there was a mission of the Jesuit order, which collected a huge number of ancient manuscripts and recorded information about current affairs. The mission consisted mainly of Frenchmen. There is evidence that the khan was in correspondence with Moliere and had a French theater troupe with him. So new plays were shown in Bakhchisarai immediately after Paris.
But let's return to the architecture of the palace. The buildings are usually two-story. The first floor was always cool in summer, and the second floors in winter were flooded with slanting rays of the sun and only bronze incense burners with charcoal were enough to heat them.
Wooden gratings - musharabi - decorated the balconies of harem buildings and houses of wealthy Bakhchisarai residents. Such trellises, entwined with flowers or grapes, created shade, shielded women from view from the street, but allowed them to see everything. In the palace harem itself, in order to satisfy the curiosity of his beloved wives, the Falcon Tower was built, the windows of which on all sides are protected by small wooden bars, like tinted glass - “I see you, but you don’t see me.”
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, several Russian architects (including those of Jewish and German origin) carefully studied the buildings and archives of the Khan's Palace, as well as the houses of wealthy Crimean Tatars in the Foothills and on the South Bank. They built dozens of interesting palaces, villas, dachas, boarding houses, mosques in Simferopol, Yalta, mountain and southern coastal estates of the Russian aristocracy and merchants.
The Russian entrepreneur Pyotr Gubonin succeeded in this most vividly, comprehensively and on a large scale in Gurzuf. Now most of his estate has been preserved - now it is the Gurzufsky sanatorium. The Bolsheviks destroyed only the Gubonin family crypt, their home church and a large mosque built at Gubonin’s expense for the Muslims of Gurzuf.
Of the architects, of course, we must highlight Nikolai Petrovich Krasnov. The hunting castle of the Yusupov princes in the village of Kokkoz (Sokolinoye), with some influence of Art Nouveau, ideally embodied the features of the Crimean Rococo style.
The well-known expert and propagandist of Crimea, poet Max Voloshin, in my opinion, unfairly accused Krasnov of building up Crimea with “palaces in the style of station buffets.” The son of a poor single mother from a village near Moscow, Nikolai Krasnov never argued with his super-rich and super-noble customers. It is believed that he received his education with money from either Gubonin or one of the merchant brothers Tretyakov. After graduating from the Moscow Higher School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, he became an assistant to the architect of Yalta, and soon the chief architect. He started by designing gymnasiums and other government buildings, and then created Catholic churches, mosques, grocery stores and many villas. Always following the whims of customers or religious canons. But where he could afford to apply his understanding of the Crimean style, he created a truly harmonious “ingrowth” of buildings into the nature and history of Crimea.
Currently, also with Russian (Moscow) money, a large restaurant complex “Eski-Crimea” has been built near the Alushta-Yalta highway. The Gurzuf restaurant “Meraba” is more modest in size, but with a large number of products from wonderful Crimean Tatar artisans.
Several new buildings of rich houses, shops, boarding houses and restaurants in the Crimean style were recently built in Bakhchisaray.
But so far, among the modern rich houses of the Crimean Tatars, as well as mosques, one can observe a lack of traditions. The owners of Crimean Tatar cafes also do not really know the culture of their people; often talented Crimean Tatar carvers make some kind of “huts a la russe”. But more often we see just hastily attached plastic lining, metal tiles, painted gnomes mixed with pharaohs and other nonsense.
Well, people whose taste this all suits also go to Crimea on vacation. Let all the flowers bloom...
Just let’s not forget that Crimea also has its own style.

The Crimean Peninsula is one of the most beautiful places on planet Earth. It was rightly nicknamed “the museum under open air" This place harmoniously combines various forms of relief, climatic conditions, exotic plants. This is a crossroads of many civilizations and peoples; its history is filled with the most incredible events and unexpected turns. The monuments of Crimea are very diverse; there are many unique historical, architectural, and natural attractions.

Vorontsov Palace

The famous residence of Count Vorontsov is one of the main historical monuments of Crimea; it brought enormous popularity to the city in which it is located - Alupka.

The building and the luxurious park surrounding it have become a complex and interesting phenomenon in architecture. This beautiful creation is considered the best project of the royal architect E. Blore.

The facades of the palace are made in different styles:

• Northern resembles the scenery for a film about noble knights of the Middle Ages;
• Yuzhny takes you to an oriental fairy tale.

When vacationing in Alupka and its surroundings, set aside one day to visit the complex. You will get a lot of positive emotions from a tour of the rooms of the castle and the luxurious view that opens from the Lion’s Terrace. Stroll through the huge park with exotic plants, centuries-old trees, cozy benches, picturesque fountains and romantic gazebos.

Massandra Palace

The palace museum was built in a secluded corner of the peninsula, surrounded by dense forest. The construction of the estate was initiated by Count Vorontsov in 1881, but he died in 1882. In 1889, the unfinished estate was purchased for Emperor Alexander III, but he was not able to live in it.

During the Soviet period, this beautiful architectural landmark was closed to ordinary citizens. The royal palace became a resting place for party leaders. Now the palace has become a museum, and excursions are regularly held there.

bird home

This is probably the most recognizable landmark of Crimea. The romantic castle was built on high cliff Cape Ai-Todor near Yalta. His image appears on millions of postcards, photographs, and paintings.

The building was built at the beginning of the twentieth century according to the design of the talented architect V. Sherwood, who also designed the Historical Museum on Red Square. In 1927, Crimea experienced a strong earthquake, but the mini-castle was practically undamaged. For several years the library of the Zhemchuzhina sanatorium was located here. Then the building was declared unsafe and closed.

Only in 1968 its reconstruction began, the following work was carried out:

• We dismantled a small part of the structure and placed a monolithic reinforced concrete slab under its base;
• The castle was reinforced with a metal frame, which protects against seismic influence.

Now there is an Italian restaurant in the castle.

Genoese fortress

The stronghold of the Genoese was built in the XIV-XV centuries in compliance with the best traditions of engineering art of that time. Thanks to its location and powerful fortifications, it was practically crime-free:

• On the western, southern, eastern sides, the invaders are stopped by steep cliffs;
• From the northeast there is a deep ditch.

The future historical and architectural monument was protected by powerful walls with defensive towers.

The fortress is well preserved; its picturesque objects are often used in the filming of historical and adventure films.

Chersonesos

This Big City for two centuries it was the center of political, cultural and economic life of the Northern coast of the Black and Azov seas. Ancient polis founded by Greek colonists in the 5th century BC. The Byzantines simply called it Kherson. Over the course of two thousand years, the settlement has undergone architectural changes more than once. In the 14th century, Chersonesus was captured and destroyed by the Mongol-Tatars.

Jur-Jur

This unique natural monument is the most unique and picturesque waterfall in Crimea. A huge cascade, which does not dry out even in the hottest time of the year, is located near Alushta, in the Khapkhal crevice.

Characteristics:

• Height 15 meters;
• Width 5 meters.

The waterfall is surrounded by an ancient forest, and it is always cool here.

Skel menhirs

The monument, created by primitive man, is located in the heart of the Baydar Valley. They are large blocks of stone standing vertically. Menhirs are the oldest architectural example of conscious human construction work.

There are two menhirs in total:

• The height of the first is almost three meters, the average thickness is about a meter;
• The second one is two times lower, its thickness is half a meter.

Turkish bath

The multi-domed building has been well preserved to this day. The monument of medieval architecture is located in Yevpatoria, it was built in the 16th century. The building with marble walls, benches and baths was visited not only by city residents. Slaves who were captured in villages in Russia, Ukraine, Poland and other countries were brought here. The invaders paid the bath attendants well so that the slaves could wash themselves and look healthier. Then they can be sold on the slave market at a higher price. Young women were sent to harems.

One of these slaves was Anastasia Lisovskaya, who married Turkish Sultan Suleiman I. Now she is known under the name Roksolana.

Cave cities

These ancient policies are mostly located high in the mountains, on plateaus, and have been surprising and delighting tourists for decades. There are more than one legend about the origin of Eski-Kermen, Chufut-Kale, and Mangup-Kale. Researchers believe that cave cities were built on the orders of Byzantine emperors in the 6th-7th centuries in order to strengthen their positions. In the XIV-XV centuries, the largest cave cities even became capitals.

The monuments of Crimea are located very conveniently. No matter how you plan your trip, there will always be something interesting along the way. Everything is collected here to satisfy the needs of the most inquisitive tourist: deep caves, royal palaces, amazing parks, picturesque waterfalls, ancient fortresses and much more.

Pre-revolutionary buildings

Vorontsov Palace
Governor of the Novorossiysk Territory Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov was one of the richest people in the Russian Empire. He left behind several magnificent palaces to his descendants, the largest and most luxurious of which is a castle in the neo-Moorish style, built in the Crimean town of Alupka.

Vorontsov Palace.

However, the Vorontsov Palace in Alupka cannot be unambiguously attributed to any specific style. It is a very eclectic building, combining Moorish architectural elements with traditional English as well as Gothic elements. The outline of the building repeats the outline of the teeth of the Ai-Petri mountain range, at the foot of which it is located.

Vorontsov Palace.

Around Vorontsov Palace there is a park - a real masterpiece of landscape architecture, facing the very coast of the sea. Man-made elements are organically combined with natural ones.

Vorontsov Palace.

Livadia Palace
The Livadia Palace was built as the summer residence of the Russian emperors. It served as it from 1861 until the Revolution, when it was nationalized and turned into a sanatorium for working people.

Livadia Palace.

The Livadia Palace became widely known worldwide in February 1945, when it hosted the official part of the Yalta Allied Conference, within which the fate of the post-war world was determined.

Italian courtyard in the Livadia Palace.

The Livadia Palace became the location for the filming of many feature films - after all, it is one of the best buildings in the USSR that can convey the luxury and scope of royal and noble life. The most famous movie filmed within these walls is the comedy “Dog in the Manger.”

Livadia Palace.

bird home
One of the most famous buildings in Crimea is the very small Gothic palace Swallow's Nest, built at the end of the nineteenth century on the top of a 40-meter cliff on Cape I-Tudor near the village of Gaspra.

Bird home.

It owes its popularity to its photogenic location, thanks to which it is clearly visible both from land and from the sea. In the seventies of the twentieth century, a restaurant was opened in Swallow's Nest, which is now considered one of the most expensive not only in Crimea, but also in Ukraine.

Bird home.

Swallow's Nest is the calling card of the Southern Coast of Crimea, the most recognizable object of the region.

Soviet era buildings

Sanatorium Kurpaty
The Kurpaty sanatorium near Yalta appears in almost every world ranking of the most unusual structures on the planet. After all, this massive multi-story building looks like a huge flying saucer that landed on the beach on the southern coast of Crimea.

Sanatorium Kurpaty.

Built in 1985 according to the design of architect Nodar Kancheli, the snow-white round building hangs above the seashore on several barely visible supports, making it seem as if it is floating in the air.

Sanatorium Kurpaty.

Train Station in Simferopol
Paradoxical, but one of the most remarkable architectural structures Crimea, famous for its delightful palaces, is the railway station in Simferopol.

Railway station in Simferopol.

The current building, built in 1951, combines the best of the monumental architecture of Stalin times and pre-revolutionary palace construction. Architect Alexey Duzhkin, when working on the station in Simferopol, used conceptual elements of existing buildings in the Crimea. For example, the courtyard of the building refers us to the Italian courtyard of the Livadia Palace.

Inner courtyard at the train station in Simferopol.

Supreme Council of Crimea
Residents of Simferopol jokingly call the building of the Supreme Council of Crimea the “Pentagon” for its size and angular shape. However, this is a mistake, because this structure does not have five corners, but four (or eight, depending on how you count).

Supreme Council of Crimea.

The building was built in 1980-1988 for the regional committee of the CPSU, but did not serve long as such. After the collapse of the USSR, the Supreme Council of Crimea, the central legislative body of the autonomous republic within Ukraine, moved into it.

Supreme Council of Crimea.

Buildings of recent decades

Complex 6 element
Since pre-revolutionary times, Yalta was the “capital” of the southern coast of Crimea, the most popular resort in the region, where the richest people in Russia gathered and where the most luxurious buildings were built. The city retains this status to this day. And the most famous building in it is the “6th Element” complex, built behind the Oreanda Hotel.

Complex 6 element in Yalta.

Complex 6 element in Yalta.

This building has become the new architectural dominant of the city, which is clearly visible from anywhere in Yalta, and it looks especially impressive if you admire the structure from the sea. Inside the 6th Element there are apartments, many of which can be rented for vacation.

Complex 6 element in Yalta.

Crystall Beach Resort
Sevastopol has been experiencing a real architectural boom in the last decade - the city is building not individual houses, but entire blocks and even districts. And one of the iconic buildings in this locality can be considered the Crystall Beach Resort complex.

Located in the very center of Sevastopol on the shores of Artillery Bay, Crystall Beach Resort creates a new visual perception of the entire central part of the city. The complex will combine apartments, a cinema and concert hall, a gallery of stores of prestigious brands, a hotel and a yacht marina.

Complex Crystall Beach Resort.

Santa Barbara
And we will end our story about the architecture of the Crimean peninsula not with a separate building, but with an entire village that grew up on the southern coast of Crimea between Alushta and Partenit. Since it began to be developed in the mid-nineties, local residents gave it the name Santa Barbara in honor of the popular TV series at the time about the luxurious life of wealthy families from California.

Now Santa Barbara consists of more than a hundred small private hotels of varying levels of comfort and service. They are lined up in three lines along the sea, but even from the farthest of them the walk to the beach is no more than five minutes.

The village of Santa Barbara in Crimea.
There can be no talk of any visual integrity of the complex in this case - it was built in a very chaotic manner. But that’s why Santa Barbara was included in this review - it is a clear demonstration of the architectural reality of Crimea.

Every year, the ancient low-rise buildings of Crimean cities and villages are increasingly crowded out by vast residential areas with kindergartens, schools and shops, multi-story buildings, shopping malls, health resorts and hotels. Construction is underway everywhere in Crimea: in Kerch, in Sevastopol, in Yalta, in Simferopol, in Feodosia... The cities of Crimea are changing their silhouettes before our eyes.
But there is another Crimea, invisible to the indifferent eye, almost gone. It is difficult to find a similar place on earth where material traces of so many tribes and peoples have been preserved. Taurus, Scythians, Sarmatians, Alans, Greeks, Goths, Huns, Khazars, Pechenegs, Polovtsy, Russians, Armenians, Tatars, Italians, Turks - this is an incomplete, very small list of those who left their “autographs” on the Crimean land. By studying them, historians and archaeologists have already made many discoveries, fruitful “steps into the unknown.” At the same time, the close attention of researchers is drawn to the architectural heritage of past eras.
Discoveries in architecture are rare, as in any other field. A successful find is borrowed during the construction of other buildings, and, confirming rationalism in use and aesthetic perfection in artistic culture, it is replicated, giving birth to architectural style, construction and artistic traditions. The stone chronicle of the centuries-old history of Crimea is more than one and a half thousand architectural monuments recorded in registers of different levels, and the energy concentrate of archaeological layers, pressed into the 10-15 meter thickness of the Crimean soil, is a unique source of cosmic scale.
The history of architecture on the peninsula begins with the fortified shelters and huts of the Taurians preserved in the mountainous part of Crimea, with their cromlechs - ring-shaped fences made of vertically placed stones that marked burial places, and the Taurian tombs themselves - “stone boxes”.
The Scythians lived in the steppes and foothills. Fortifications and burial grounds tell about their culture. The world-famous monument is Scythian Naples, the former capital of the Late Scythian state, discovered by excavations on the southeastern outskirts of Simferopol.
The centuries-old life of ancient colonies on the Crimean coast is evidenced by the ruins of residential and public buildings of Panticapaeum, the ancestor of modern Kerch, founded by settlers from Miletus. On the Kerch Peninsula, mounds and monumental stone crypts of the Bosporus have been preserved, and on the territory of modern Sevastopol - the ruins of ancient and medieval Chersonese.
The entire southwest of the Crimean Peninsula is rich in architectural and archaeological monuments. In the current Bakhchisarai region there are medieval fortified cities (these are Chufut-Kale, Kyz-Kermen, Mangup, and Eski-Kermen), cave monasteries(Uspensky, Chelter, Shuldan and many others), as well as the remains of relatively small feudal fortifications (Kyz-Kule, Suyren, Tepe-Kermen). At the mouth of the Chernaya River, near Sevastopol, there are several cave churches. Here are the ruins of Kalamita, a fortress built in the sixth century and later, many centuries later, rebuilt twice.
The fortifications left on the Crimean coast by the Genoese are well preserved. The fortifications of Balaklava, Sudak, and Feodosia still amaze with their grandeur. Little has survived from the southern coastal fortifications - Alushta and Gurzuf - the remains of which were almost drowned in modern buildings.
On the territory of Crimea there are more than a dozen intact and ruins of hundreds of medieval Christian churches. Among them, a prominent place is occupied by the Church of John the Baptist in Kerch, Armenian churches in Feodosia, in the villages of Bogaty and Topolevka. Four kilometers south of Old Crimea there is an Armenian monastery of the 14th – 16th centuries, Surb-Khach.
In Old Crimea and Belogorsk (formerly Karasubazar) there are remains of inns - caravanserais, which once received numerous merchants with their servants, slaves, pack animals and goods. Witnesses of the Golden Horde period in the history of Old Crimea are the ruins of the mosque of Sultan Beybas (thirteenth century), a mosque and madrasah (theological school), built at the beginning of the fourteenth century by Uzbek, and other medieval buildings.
IN former capital In the Crimean Khanate - Bakhchisarai - there is a wonderful architectural complex of the Khan's palace (now a museum) with the Fountain of Tears, sung by the great Russian poets Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin and Adam Mickiewicz. The Bakhchisarai Palace Museum has now become one of the most popular monuments of architecture and history of Crimea.
There are several large late medieval buildings in Yevpatoria: a dervish tekie (Muslim monastery), a Turkish bath, the multi-domed Juma-Jami mosque, one of the masterpieces of the famous Turkish architect Khoja Sinan. Near these monuments there are two old Karaite temples - kenas.
The breath of architecture of the first half of the nineteenth century was conveyed by ancient monuments of Russian classicism. Of these, the most famous are the house of Count Vorontsov in the Salgirka park, which is located in the city of Simferopol, as well as the Count's pier and the Peter and Paul Cathedral in Sevastopol.
However, the architectural heritage of the nineteenth century does not end there. There are outstanding buildings on Crimean soil that have so far been in good condition and have not been rebuilt (they are continuously used in their original form). These include palaces built in the first half of the nineteenth century in Alupka (now a museum) and Gaspra (now the Yasnaya Polyana sanatorium).
In the resort area of ​​the Crimean peninsula there are many original buildings erected at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. Thanks to their high architectural merits, despite their “youth”, they are famous landmarks of Crimea. These include the Livadia and Dulber palaces, the former Swallow's Nest dacha, armenian church in Yalta, a temple in Foros and many other buildings.

Sources: Architectural monuments Crimea. Krikun E.V.
Monuments of Crimean Tatar architecture. XIII – XX centuries. Krikun E.V.