Lomzhinsk province. Panorama of Lomzhinsk province. Virtual tour of Lomzhinsk province. Sights, map, photo, video Lomzhinsk province of the Russian Empire

LOMAZINSK PROVINCE

One of 10 included in the former Kingdom of Poland, occupies southern part a vast lowland stretching between pp. Oder and Western Dvina; borders: with S? with Prussia, with the West (the border is the Omulev River)? with the province of Plock, with the south (border? Bug River)? from Warsaw and Sedletskaya, from E (the Nuzhets, Liza, Narev and Bobr rivers)? from Grodno, from NE? with the Suwalki province. In terms of space, the province of Latvia until recently occupied 7th place (10,621 sq. in.) among Polish provinces, but with the transfer of Pultu County to the Warsaw province (in January 1894), it decreased to 9,280 sq. in. ver. and took 9th place. When the province of Latvia was established in 1867, it included uu. Shchuchinsky, Kolnensky, Lomzhinsky, Mazowiecki, selected from the former Augustow province, and y. Ostrolensky, Ostrovsky, Makovsky and Pultuski, who moved away from the Plotsk lips. Occupies north-east. part of ancient Mazovia (with the exception of the Liv land, merged with the Siedlce province) and part of the Podlesie? Tyakotsinsky district, belonging to the land of Belskaya. Lomzhinskaya province It is a hilly area with numerous and extensive ravines and lowlands; the latter represent the marshy bottom of prehistoric lakes. Two significant lakes Serafin (in Kolnensky district) and Maleshevskoye (in Lomzhinsky district) can still serve as a clear example of the rapid decrease in the lake water horizon caused by the rapid destruction of forests. The middle and eastern parts of the province are more elevated; the hill stretches to the north to Raigrod Shchuchinsky district, from here, quickly expanding, it goes to Graevo and Shchuchin and stretches further from the borders of Prussia to pp. Beaver and Narev; both rivers owe their picturesque, steep and high banks to her. To the west of Lomza the area gradually decreases, then sandy hills are found only separately, alternating with vast swampy valleys. Towards the south, this hill stretches to Ostrolenka, from here to Rozhany, Makov and Selyun, and finally over the river. Orzycem (adjacent to the Nareva river on the right side), in the vicinity of the village of Krzyzava (Makovsky district), forms a rather significant hill. On the other side of Orzhitsa, the mountain range, consisting of individual hills of this hill, continues along the right bank of the Narew to Pultusk, Serock (Zegrze) and finally ends near the New George Fortress (formerly Modlin). This is the configuration of the province area on the right side of the river. Nareva; the other half of the province, on the left. side Nareva, between the latter and the river. Bugom, has only one elevation reaching 800 feet. above level m. This entire area is a plateau, dotted here and there with hills; it forms an oblong 4-gon. whose end points are Nowogrod, Lomza, Zambrov and Szumowo, and highest point on this plateau, located between the villages. Gelchin, Bachami and Glemboch, covered with continuous forest, is called “Chervonny Bor”. This plateau is a natural watershed for the rivers flowing into the Narew and Bug. The rest of the area, between pp. Narev and Bug, represents a perfect plane. The Bug within the Lithuanian province has low banks and floods widely in the spring; the left bank of the Narev is also quite flat and only near the confluence the banks of both rivers become more elevated. The lowlands and swamps, occupying vast spaces and being the remnants of long-dried rivers and lakes, are covered with forests and only decrease slightly in hot summers; most of these swamps through subsoil water arteries connects with other swamps or lakes into one whole; they are impassable even in the hot summer. Several attempts made in the middle of this century to drain the vast swampy areas did not lead to anything. The more significant of these swamps are spread along the river valleys of Egrzhnya, Laka and Bobr, to the east of Rajgrod and Graev, and along pp. Vistula and Narew, Gackie and Tykocin swamps. The most important river of the Leningrad region. ? Narev? in the upper reaches it passes along the border with Grodno province, and in the middle downstream cuts through the province, near Serock it connects with the Bug, and soon the connected rivers flow into the Vistula within the Warsaw lips. Almost 3/4 of the entire length (120 centuries) of this river belongs to L. lips. On its banks are the most important cities: Lomza, Ostrolensk, Tykocin and one of the Warsaw provinces. Pułtusk. In its upper border course, the Narew, especially in summer, is shallow and unnavigable, but above Tykocin, Berlin barges and large steamships sail along it. Important piers on this river are: Wizna, Łomza, Novigrod, Ostroleka, Pułtusk, Serock and Nowy Dvor (the piers marked in italics have been located within the Warsaw Province since 1894). The main item of rafting on this river? forest. The most important tributaries of the Narev: Beaver (Biebrza) flows along the border with Grodno lips. about 140 ver. and then enters the borders of the Leningrad province, where after the 40th century. the current flows into the Narev; main piers: Dembovo and Osovets. Beaver belongs to the Augustów Canal system, which connects Nman with the Vistula. Both tributaries of the Beaver? Lyk (from the proverb Egzhnya) and Vissa? originate in the Pinsk swamps; The Pissa originates in Prussia and flows along the Kolno district. and flows into the Narev; Skva, Rozoga, Omulev? all these tributaries irrigate the area where the “Pushchaniks” or Kurpiks have lived since ancient times (see below); Orzhich originates in Prussia and, having entered the boundaries of the Plock lips. near the village Khorzhel, flows to the village. Dlugokonta, where it hides under the surface of the earth and reappears only near the village. Grzhebsky. Orzhich (Orzits also) belongs to L. lips. only by the lower, very fast current. On the left side it flows into: the Lnza, flowing along the border of the lips; Slina irrigates the Mazowieckie region; The Yablon River flowing from Chervony Bor is distinguished by the many swamps it forms; The Rouge originates in Chervonny Bor and irrigates the river. Lomzhinsky and Ostrolensky; Srzh flows from Chervony Bor, cuts off Lomzhinsky and Ostrolensky uy.; The shores of this river are famous for their constant and high harvests, which makes them significantly different from all the rivers listed.

Another water system, somewhat less important for L. lips, is represented by the West. The Bug from the place where, having changed its course from N to S, it heads straight to the W; he, having entered the borders of the Kingdom of Poland, forms the border between L. lips. on the one hand and Sedletskaya and Warsaw on the other and near the settlement of Serock Pultuska. merges with the Narev. The significance of this river as a route of communication is secondary. Of the tributaries of the Bug within the province, two, on the right side, deserve mention: Nugrets along the border of the Lomzhinskaya and Grodno provinces. and Brok and Brochinok flowing along the Mazowiecki and Ostrovsky districts. and irrigating the most densely populated part of the province. There are especially many lakes in the north. part of the Shchuchin district, which contains an extensive network of small lakes alternating with clayey hills: 1) Lake Raigrodskoye occupies an area of ​​5 thousand dessiatines, of which 1496 dessiatines. are located within the Kingdom of Poland; Drunkness? half the size of the previous lake, etc. These lakes are rich in fish, especially bleak. In the rest of the lips. most significant lake? Serafin, up to 100 morgues, is in a period of overgrowth. Fossil wealth of the lips. limited almost exclusively to peat bogs. With the listing of Pułtuski u. part of the Warsaw province. L. lips is divided into 7 uu., containing 7 cities, 24 towns and 72 communes (2 towns, 21 mixed and 49 rural). By January 1, 1895 in Leningrad province. there were 626,582 inhabitants. (320,165 women), including non-permanent population 30,978 people. Clergy 215 (28 mon.), nobles 5233, merchants 2386, burghers 123266, peasants 333419, gentry 140775, military classes 1594, etc. ref. 348. Orthodox 3796, Catholics 505016, Protestants 6270, Jews 111026, other religions. 475. Ethnographically, the permanent population of the province consists of: 1) Masurians (scattered throughout the province, but mainly in Makovsky and Ostrovsky districts), 2) Podlesyans, or Podlyakhs (in Mazowiecki district), 3) Kurpies, in Kolnensky, Ostrolensky and partly Ostrovsky uy., 4) Jews (in the cities and towns of the province) and 5) Germans, mostly colonists (in the Yasenitsa gmina of Ostrovsky uyd). Of all these nationalities, the least known are the Kurpiks (up to 90 thousand people), descended from the mixture of Masurians with the remnants of the Yatvingians and named after the shoes they wear (kurpia - bast shoes); their settlements are spread over the Bug in a quadrangle between the settlements. Brock, Nagoshev, Dlugosedlo and Branshchik. They speak distorted Polish language, having the character of a special adverb; from time immemorial they were engaged in beekeeping and commercial hunting in the local, previously impenetrable forest wilds; how skilled marksmen gained fame during the Polish wars. In 1708, when Charles XII marched towards Russia, there were villages on his way. The Mouse Kurpiki set up abatis, dug in with a rampart and, taking advantage of the swampy terrain, blocked the Swedes' path, offering them conditions for free passage. Charles XII went ahead, forcing prisoners to hang each other; but the brave Kurpiks gathered their strength and inflicted such damage on the Swedes that Karl was forced to flee with only a drabant. By appearance Kurpiks resemble Lithuanians. They live in neat wooden houses, wear small round hats, white shirts and vests, knee-length caftans, tight trousers made of white cloth; on the feet are traditional bast shoes. This tribe is distinguished by its proverbial courage, good nature and honesty. ? Climatic conditions lips and the soil, although not particularly fertile, is very convenient for cultivation, as well as the very composition of the population (mainly peasants and small gentry), contributed to the fact that L. lips. has an exclusively agricultural character. There are no brilliant harvests, but in general the harvest almost never drops to mediocre and is usually average? itself-5, potatoes itself-7. According to observations over ten years (1883-92), in Leningrad province. collected: rye 5,082,000 pd., wheat 1,535,000 pd., oats 2,053,000 pd., barley 995,000 pd., buckwheat 489,000 pd., millet 81,000 pd., peas 636,000 pd., potatoes 17,788,000 poods, hay about 5 million p.u. Dov. Cattle breeding is closely related to agriculture, but both are at a rather low level of development. By the beginning of 1895, there were: 75 tons of horses, 30,500 bulls and oxen, 130 thousand cows, 50 thousand calves and barn cattle, 190 thousand sheep, 80 thousand pigs. In areas rich in lakes and pp. Bug and Narev the population is also engaged in fishing for industrial purposes. Factories and plants (by January 1, 1895) 691 with 1928 workers and a total turnover of 2,383,174 rubles; The main role is played by breweries and pottery factories and windmills. In L. lips. predominantly petty trade is developed; There are 177 fairs, but almost all of them have the character of large bazaars, where the sale of livestock, linen, village utensils, etc. is added to the daily items of trade. The total turnover of all fairs does not exceed 1 1/2 million rubles. City revenues throughout the province. amounted to 88,050 rubles, expenses? 83339 rub. By January 1, 1895, there were 44 doctors, 33 pharmacists, 29 pharmacies. 3 hospitals (in Lomza, Izucin and Ostroleka); In addition, there are Jewish and prison hospitals in Lomza. Charity houses: in Tykocin, Ostroleka and Lomza. These almshouses, as well as the orphanage in Lomza, are supported by a percentage of the capital they own. 2 private charitable societies, in Lomza and Ostrov. Educational institutions 614, in which 14,564 children (3,265 girls) study (Jan. 1895): 1 male 8-grade school, 1 female. 7th grade gymnasium, 5 two-grade schools. beginning schools, 133 one-classrooms public schools, 3 private schools textbook institutions of the third category, 1 evangelical cantorate, 5 Sunday vocational schools, 9 Jewish government schools. schools, 526 Jewish religious schools. 1 textbook the institution accounts for 870 inhabitants, 1 student? for 40 inhabitants Savings and loans 69; of these, 4 were opened with government capital, 51 with profits from governments. fixed capital and only 14 cash desks arose from public funds. All residents now use credit from these cash registers, except for two communes that did not want to have cash registers. The fixed capital allocated by the government is ? 19054 rub. The net profit of all cash registers by January 1, 1895 amounted to 112,411 rubles. L. lips. has several highways; they touch her railways. Brest-Graevskaya, St. Petersburg-Warsaw and Prinarevskaya branches of the Warsaw-Terespol railway. roads. There are 20 ferries and transports across the rivers. Customs in Graev and Vincent, customs outposts in Bogush and Tworki; transition point in the village of Dombrovy. The following are stationed in the Leningrad province: Don Cossack Regiment - 4th Regiment (in the city of Shchuchin), 10th Dredge. Novotroitsko-Ekaterinoslavsky (Graevo), 16th drag. Glukhovsky Regiment (Ostroleka), 17th Dredge. Volynsky, 4th Infantry. Division, 13th Inf. Belozersky, 14th infantry. Olonetsky (in Lomza), 15th infantry. Shlisselburgsky, 16th infantry. Ladozhsky (in Zambrovo), 6th infantry. Division, 21st Inf. Muromsky, 22nd infantry. Nizhny Novgorod (in Ostrolenka), 23rd infantry. Nizovsky, 24th infantry. Simbirsk (in Ostrov), 29th infantry. Chernigovsky (in Rozhan), 4th artillery. bragada (in Zambrovo), 6th artillery. brigade (in Ostrov) and 11th cavalry artillery. battery (in Ostroleka). In religious terms, L. lips. does not represent an independent whole diocese even for Catholics. Orthodox churches 5. Catholic parishes are distributed between the dioceses of Sejn and Polotsk. The Evangelical-Augsburg confession has 3 parishes. Wed. "Proceedings of Warsh. Stat. Com." (issue XI, 1894); "Memorable book of L. province for 1895"; "Geographer and Statistician. Essays on the Kingdom of Poland" (St. Petersburg, 1863); "Sl ownik Geograficzny Krò lestwa Polskiego and innych kraj òw S lowianskich" (vol. V, issue LVII); "Rys Geografii kr ò lestwa Polskiego" K. Krynicky (Warsh., 1887).

L. Weinberg.

Brockhaus and Efron. Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what LOMAZINSK PROVINCE is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

• LOMAZINSK PROVINCE
  I one of the 10 that were part of the former Kingdom of Poland, occupies the southern part of the vast lowland stretching between pp. Oder and...
• PROVINCE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  general name for the highest local administrative unit. According to the definition of A.D. Gradovsky, G. is the space of the earth within which ...
• PROVINCE
  ? general name for the highest local administrative unit. According to the definition of A.D. Gradovsky, G. is the space of the earth, within which ...
• PROVINCE in the One-Volume Large Legal Dictionary:
  
• PROVINCE in the Big Legal Dictionary:
  - the main administrative-territorial unit in Russia since 1708. It was divided into counties. Some states were united into governor generals. By 1917...
• PROVINCE in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
  - the main administrative-territorial unit in Russia since 1708. It was divided into counties. Some states were united into governor generals. By 1917...
• PROVINCE in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  
• PROVINCE in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  highest unit administrative division and local structure in Russia, which took shape in the 18th century. under Peter 1 in the process of organizing the absolutist...
• PROVINCE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  , -i, w. In Russia since the beginning of the 18th century. and until 1929 (now in Finland): the main administrative-territorial unit. Moscow...
• PROVINCE in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  PROVINCE, main adm.-terr. unit in Russia since 1708. Divided into counties. Some states united into general governments. By 1917 there were 78...
• PROVINCE in the Complete Accented Paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
  province, province, province, province, province, province, province, province, province, province, province, province, …
• PROVINCE in Abramov's Dictionary of Synonyms:
  see place || go to the city of Kharkov province...
• PROVINCE in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
  and. 1) The main administrative-territorial unit in the Russian state since the beginning of the 18th century. and in the USSR (before zoning in 1923-1929). ...
• PROVINCE in Lopatin’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
  province, ...
• PROVINCE in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
  province...
• PROVINCE in the Spelling Dictionary:
  province, ...
• PROVINCE in Ozhegov’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
  In Russia from the beginning of the 18th century, in the USSR until 1929, now in Finland: the main administrative-territorial unit is Moscow, Kostroma ...
• PROVINCE in Dahl's Dictionary:
  wives type of region or large district Russia, divided into counties, under the control of a governor. In common parlance, the province is also the provincial city, the main...
• PROVINCE in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
  the main administrative-territorial unit in Russia since 1708. It was divided into counties. Some provinces were united into governor generals. By 1917 there were 78 provinces, ...
• PROVINCE in Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
  provinces, w. (historical). The main administrative territorial unit in Russia and the USSR before zoning. || Provincial city (colloquially obsolete). Let's go...
• PROVINCE in Ephraim's Explanatory Dictionary:
  province 1) The main administrative-territorial unit in the Russian state since the beginning of the 18th century. and in the USSR (before zoning in 1923-1929...
• PROVINCE in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
  and. 1. The main administrative-territorial unit in the Russian state since the beginning of the 18th century. and in the USSR (before zoning in 1923 - ...
• PROVINCE in the Large Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
  and. 1. The main administrative-territorial unit in the Russian state (from the beginning of the 18th century and in the USSR - before zoning into ...
• VYBORG PROVINCE in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  I (Wiborgs l?n, Wiipurin l??ni) - occupies the south-eastern part of Finland, extending from approximately 60°7" to 62°42"8" northern latitude (not counting ...
• BLACK SEA PROVINCE in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron.
• STAVROPOL PROVINCE in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
  ? borders the Kuban region in the west, the Land of the Don Army and the Astrakhan province in the north and the Terek region...

Łomżyń Governorate (Polish: Gubernia łomżyńska) - a province of the Kingdom of Poland and the Russian Empire (1867-1917). Provincial town - Lomza.

Geography

Geographical position

Lomzhinskaya province occupies the southern part of a vast lowland stretching between the Oder and Western Dvina rivers; borders: from the north - with Prussia, from the west (the border is the Omulev River) - with the province of Plock, from the south (the border is the Bug River) - with Warsaw and Sedletskaya, from the east (the rivers Nuzhets, Liza, Narev and Bobr) - with Grodno , from the northeast - with the Suwalki province. In terms of space, the Lomzhin province until recently occupied 7th place (10,621 square versts) among Polish provinces, but with the transfer of Pultu County to the Warsaw province (in January 1894), it decreased to 9,280 square meters. versts and took 9th place.

Administrative structure

When the Lomzhinsky province was established in 1867, it included the counties of Shchuchinsky, Kolnensky, Lomzhinsky, Mazowiecki, selected from the former Augustow province, and the counties of Ostrolensky, Ostrowsky, Makowski and Pultuski, separated from the Plock province. It occupies the north-eastern part of ancient Mazovia (with the exception of the Livska land, merged with the Siedlce province) and part of the Podlesie - Tjakocinsky district, which belonged to the land of Bielska. With the transfer of Pultu County to the Warsaw Province, the Lomzhinsk Province is divided into 7 counties, comprising 7 cities, 24 towns and 72 communes (2 townships, 21 mixed and 49 rural). In 1912, with the abolition of the Sedlec province, the Hungarian district was annexed from it to the Lomzhinsk province.

Relief, hydrography

Lomzhinsk province is a hilly area with numerous and extensive ravines and lowlands; the latter represent the marshy bottom of prehistoric lakes. Two significant lakes Serafin (in Kolna district) and Maleshevskoe (in Lomzhinsky district) can still serve as a clear example of the rapid decrease in the lake water horizon caused by the rapid destruction of forests. The middle and eastern parts of the province are more elevated; the hill stretches north to Raigrod, Shchuchin district, from here, quickly expanding, it goes to Graevo and Shchuchin and stretches further from the borders of Prussia to pp. Beaver and Narev; both rivers owe their picturesque, steep and high banks to her. To the west of Lomza the area gradually decreases, then sandy hills are found only separately, alternating with vast swampy valleys. Towards the south, this hill extends to Ostroleka, from here to Sieluń (pl: Sieluń), Rożany, Maków and finally over the Orzyce River (a tributary of the Narew River on the right side), in the vicinity of the village of Krzyżewo-Jurki, Maków County ), forms a fairly significant hill. On the other side of Orzhitsa, the mountain range, consisting of individual hills of this hill, continues along the right bank of the Narev to Pultusk, Serock (Zeg[r]zhe; pl: Zegrze) and finally ends near the Novogeorgievskaya fortress (formerly Modlin). This is the configuration of the area...

Lomzhinskaya Governorate occupies the southern part of a vast lowland stretching between the Oder and Western Dvina rivers; borders: from the north - with Prussia, from the west (the border is the Omulev River (Polish)) - with the province of Płock, from the south (border - the Bug River) - with Warsaw and Siedletskaya, from the east (the rivers Nuzhets, Liza, Narev and Bobr) - with Grodno, from the northeast - with Suwalki province. In terms of space, the Lomzhinsk province until recently occupied 7th place (10,621 square miles) among Polish provinces, but with the transfer of Pultu County to the Warsaw province (in January), it decreased to 9,280 square meters. versts and took 9th place.

Upon establishment Lomzhinsk province in the city it included the counties of Shchuchinsky, Kolnensky, Lomzhinsky, Mazowiecki, selected from the former Augustow province, and the counties of Ostrolensky, Ostrovsky, Makovsky and Pultuski, separated from the Plock province. It occupies the north-eastern part of ancient Mazovia (with the exception of the Livska land, merged with the Siedlce province) and part of the Podlesie - Tjakocinsky district, which belonged to the land of Bielska.

Lomzhinsk province is a hilly area with numerous and extensive ravines and lowlands; the latter represent the marshy bottom of prehistoric lakes. Two significant lakes Serafin (in Kolna district) and Maleshevskoe (in Lomzhinsky district) can still serve as a clear example of the rapid decrease in the lake water horizon caused by the rapid destruction of forests. The middle and eastern parts of the province are more elevated; the hill stretches north to Raigrod, Shchuchin district, from here, quickly expanding, it goes to Graevo and Shchuchin and stretches further from the borders of Prussia to pp. Beaver and Narev; both rivers owe their picturesque, steep and high banks to her.

To the west of Lomza the area gradually decreases, then sandy hills are found only separately, alternating with vast swampy valleys. Towards the south, this hill stretches to Ostroleka, from here to Selyun ( pl:Sieluń), Rožany, Makov and finally over the Orzyce River (a tributary of the Narew River on the right side), in the vicinity of the village of Krizhava ( pl:Krzyżewo-Jurki, Makovsky district), forms a rather significant hill. On the other side of Orzhitsa, the mountain range, consisting of individual hills of this hill, continues along the right bank of the Narev to Pultusk, Serock (Zeg[r]ze; pl:Zegrze) and finally ends near the Novogeorgievskaya fortress (formerly Modlin). This is the configuration of the province area on the right side of the river. Nareva; the other half of the province, on the left side of the Narev, between the latter and the river. Bugom, has only one elevation, reaching 800 feet above sea level. This entire area is a plateau, dotted here and there with hills; it forms an oblong 4-gon. The end points of which are Nowogrod, Lomza, Zambrow and Szumowo ( pl:Szumowo (powiat zambrowski)), and the highest point on this plateau, located between the villages of Gelchin ( pl:Giełczyn (powiat łomżyński)), Bachami and Glembochem ( pl:Głębocz Wielki), covered with continuous forest, is called “Chervonny Bor” ( pl:Czerwony Bor (las)). This plateau is a natural watershed for the rivers flowing into the Narew and Bug. The rest of the area, between pp. Narev and Bug, represents a perfect plane.

The Bug within the Lomzhin province has low banks and floods widely in the spring; the left bank of the Narev is also quite flat and only near the confluence the banks of both rivers become more elevated. The lowlands and swamps, occupying vast spaces and being the remnants of long-dried rivers and lakes, are covered with forests and only decrease slightly in hot summers; Most of these swamps are connected through subsoil waterways with other swamps or lakes into one whole; they are impassable even in the hot summer. Several attempts made in the middle of this century to drain the vast swampy areas did not lead to anything. The more significant of these swamps are spread along the river valleys of Egrzhnya, Laka and Beaver, east of Rajgrod and Graev, and along pp. Vistula and Narev, gackie swamps ( pl:Gać (dopływ Narwi)) and Tykocinskie.

The most important river of the Lomzhin province - the Narev - in the upper reaches passes along the border with the Grodno province, and in the middle and lower reaches it cuts through the province, near Serock it connects with the Bug, and soon the connected rivers flow into the Vistula within the Warsaw province. Almost ¾ of the entire length (120 versts) of this river belongs to the Lomzhinsk province. On its banks are the most important cities: Lomza, Ostrolensk, Tykocin and Pultusk, which is part of the Warsaw province. In its upper border course, the Narew, especially in summer, is shallow and unnavigable, but above Tykocin, Berlin barges and large steamships sail along it. Important piers on this river are: Wizna, Lomza, Novigrod, Ostroleka, Pułtusk, Serock And Novy-Dvor(piers marked in italics are located within the Warsaw province). The main object of rafting on this river is timber. The most important tributaries of the Narev: Beaver(Biebrza) flows along the border with the Grodno province for about 140 versts and then enters the Lomzhinsk province, where after 40 versts the flow flows into the Narev; main piers: Dembovo ( pl:Dębowo (powiat augustowski)) and Osovets. Beaver belongs to the Augustow Canal system, connecting the Neman with the Vistula. Both tributaries of the Beaver - Lyk ( pl:Ełk (rzeka), with adverb. Egzhnya) and Vissa ( pl:Wissa) - originate in the Pisz bogs (Masurian Lake District); Pisa originates in Prussia (ibid.), flows through Kolna district and flows into the Narev; Squa(Shkva; pl:Szkwa), Rozoga (pl:Rozoga), Omulev (pl:Omulew) - all these tributaries irrigate the area where the “puschaniki” or kurpiks have lived since ancient times (see below); Orzic originates in Prussia and, having entered the boundaries of the Plock province near the village. Khorzhele, flows to the village. Dlugokonty ( pl:Długokąty (powiat mławski)), where it hides under the surface of the earth and reappears only near the village. Grzhebsky ( pl:Grzebsk). Orzic (Polish)) (Orsits also) belongs to the Lomzhin province only with a lower, very fast current. On the left side it flows into: Lisa, flowing along the border of the lips; Slina (pl:Ślina (rzeka)) irrigates the Mazowieckie district; Apple trees (pl: Jabłonka (dopływ Gaci)), flowing from Chervonny Bor, is distinguished by the many swamps it forms; Ruz (pl:Ru) originates in Chervonny Bor, irrigates the counties of Lomzhinsky and Ostrolensky; Orzh (pl:Orz) flows from Chervony Bor, cuts off Lomzhinsky and Ostrolensky counties; The shores of this river are famous for their constant and high harvests, which makes them significantly different from all the rivers listed.

Another water system, somewhat less important for the Lomzhinsk province, is represented by the Western Bug from the place where, having changed its course from north to south, it heads straight to the west; Having entered the borders of the Kingdom of Poland, it forms the border between the Lomzhin province on the one hand and the Sedletsk and Warsaw provinces on the other, and near the settlement of Serock, Pultu district, it merges with Narew. The significance of this river as a route of communication is secondary. Of the tributaries of the Bug within the province, two, on the right side, deserve mention: Nugrets along the border of Lomzhinskaya with Grodno province and Brock (pl:Brok (rzeka)) With Brochinkom (pl: Brok Mały) flowing through the Mazowiecki and Ostrov districts and irrigating the most densely populated part of the province.

There are especially many lakes in the northern part of the Shchuchin district, which contains an extensive network of small lakes alternating with clayey hills: Lake Raigrod ( pl:Jezioro Rajgrodzkie) occupies an area of ​​5 thousand dessiatinas, of which 1496 dessiatinas are located within the Kingdom of Poland; Drenstvo ( pl:Dręstwo (jezioro)) - half the size of the previous lake, etc. These lakes are rich in fish, especially bleak. In the rest of the province the most significant lake is Serafin ( pl:Serafin (jezioro)), up to 100 morgues. , is in a period of overgrowth.

The fossil wealth of the province is limited almost exclusively to peat bogs.

By January 1, in the Lomzhinsk province there were 626,582 residents (of which 320,165 were women), including a non-permanent population of 30,978 people. Clergy 215 (28 mon.), nobles 5233, merchants 2386, burghers 123266, peasants 333419, gentry 140775, military classes, other classes 348. Orthodox 3796, Catholics 505016, Protestants 6270, Jews 111026, other confessions 475 .

Ethnographically, the permanent population of the province consists of: 1) Masurians (scattered throughout the province, but mainly in Makovsky and Ostrovsky districts), 2) Podlesyans, or Podlyakhs (in Mazowiecki district), 3) Kurpies (Kurpie), in Kolno, Ostrolensky and partly in the Ostrovsky district, 4) Jews (in the cities and towns of the province) and 5) Germans, mostly colonists (in the Yasenitsa gmina of the Ostrovsky district).

According to the city census, there were 579,592 residents in Lomzhinsk province (300,487 men and 279,105 women), of which 74,824 were in cities. More significant cities: Lomza (26 thousand inhabitants), Ostroleka (13 thousand inhabitants) and Ostrov (10 thousand inhabitants). The bulk of the population consisted of Poles (448,065), followed by Jews (91,236), Russians (32,044), Germans (4,651), and others. For the distribution of residents by county, see in ESBE.

Of all these nationalities, the least known are the Kurpiks (up to 90 thousand people), descended from the mixing of the Masurians with the remnants of the Yatvingians and named after the shoes they wear (kurpia - bast shoes); their settlements are spread over the Bug in a quadrangle between the settlements. Brock, Nagoshev ( pl:Nagoszewo (gmina Brok)), Longsaddle ( pl:Długosiodło) and Branshchik ( pl: Brańszczyk). They speak a distorted Polish language, which has the character of a special dialect; from time immemorial they were engaged in beekeeping and commercial hunting in the local, previously impenetrable forest wilds; how skilled marksmen gained fame during the Polish wars. In the city, when Charles XII was marching towards Russia, on his way near the village of Myshenitsy the Kurpiks set up abatis, dug in with a rampart and, taking advantage of the swampy area, blocked the Swedes’ road, offering them conditions for free passage. Charles XII went ahead, forcing prisoners to hang each other; but the brave Kurpiks gathered their strength and inflicted such damage on the Swedes that Karl was forced to flee with only a drabant. In appearance, Kurpiks resemble Lithuanians. They live in neat wooden houses, wear small round hats, white shirts and vests, knee-length caftans, tight trousers made of white cloth; on the feet are traditional bast shoes. This tribe is distinguished by its proverbial courage, good nature and honesty.

The climatic conditions of the province and the soil, although not particularly fertile, but very convenient for cultivation, as well as the very composition of the population (mainly peasants and small gentry), contributed to the fact that the Lomzhin province has an exclusively agricultural character. There are no brilliant harvests, but in general the yield almost never drops to mediocre and is usually average - 5 for potatoes, 7 for potatoes. According to observations over ten years (1883-92), the Lomzhinsk province harvests: rye 5,082,000 pd., wheat 1,535,000 pd., oats 2,053,000 pd., barley 995,000 pd., buckwheat 489,000 pd., millet 81,000 pd., peas 636,000 pd. , potatoes 17,788,000 poods, hay about 5 million poods. Cattle breeding is closely related to agriculture, but both are at a rather low level of development. By the beginning of the year there were: 75 tons of horses, 30,500 bulls and oxen, 130 thousand cows, 50 thousand calves and barn cattle, 190 thousand sheep, 80 thousand pigs.

In areas rich in lakes and pp. Bug and Narev the population is also engaged in fishing for industrial purposes. Factories and plants (by January 1) 691 with 1928 workers and a total turnover of 2,383,174 rubles; The main role is played by breweries and pottery factories and windmills.

In the Lomzhinsk province, predominantly petty trade is developed; There are 177 fairs, but almost all of them have the character of large bazaars, where the sale of livestock, linen, village utensils, etc. is added to the daily items of trade. The total turnover of all fairs does not exceed 1 1/2 million rubles.

City revenues in the entire province amounted to 88,050 rubles, expenses - 83,339 rubles.

Savings and loans 69; of these, 4 were opened with government capital, 51 with profits from governments. fixed capital and only 14 cash desks arose from public funds. All residents now use credit from these cash registers, except for two communes that did not want to have cash registers. The fixed capital allocated by the government is 19,054 rubles. Net profit, 5 Sunday vocational schools, 9 Jewish state-owned beginnings. schools, 526 Jewish religious schools. 1 textbook the institution accounts for 870 inhabitants, 1 student per 40 inhabitants.

Lomzhinsk province has several highways; it is affected by the railways. Brest-Graevskaya, Petersburg-Warsaw and Prinarevskaya branches of the Warsaw-Terespol railway. roads There are 20 ferries and transports across the rivers. Customs in Grajew and Vincent ( ) and Płock dioceses. The Evangelical-Augsburg confession has 3 parishes.

I

one of the 10 that made up the former Kingdom of Poland, occupies the southern part of the vast lowland stretching between pp. Oder and Western Dvina; borders: with N Prussia, with W (the border is the Omulev River) lips. Plotskaya, with the South (border of the Bug river) Warsaw and Sedletskaya, with the East (pp. Nuzhets, Liza, Narev and Bobr), Grodno, with the NE Suwalki lips. In the space of L. lips. until recently, it occupied 7th place (10,621 sq. in.) in the row of Polish provinces, but with the listing of Pultuska u. part of the Warsaw province. (in January 1894) it decreased to 9280 square meters. V. and took 9th place. At the establishment of L. lips. in 1867 it included uu. Shchuchinsky, Kolnensky, Lomzhinsky, Mazowiecki, selected from the former Augustow province, and y. Ostrolensky, Ostrovsky, Makovsky and Pultuski, who moved away from the Plotsk lips. Occupies north-east. part of ancient Mazovia (with the exception of the Livka land, merged with the Siedlce province) and part of the Podlesie - Tyakocinsky district, which belonged to the land of Bielska. Lomzhinskaya province It is a hilly area with numerous and extensive ravines and lowlands; the latter represent the marshy bottom of prehistoric lakes. Two significant lakes Serafin (in Kolnensky district) and Maleshevskoye (in Lomzhinsky district) can still serve as a clear example of the rapid decrease in the lake water horizon caused by the rapid destruction of forests. The middle and eastern parts of the province are more elevated; the hill stretches to the north to Raigrod Shchuchinsky district, from here, quickly expanding, it goes to Graevo and Shchuchin and stretches further from the borders of Prussia to pp. Beaver and Narev; both rivers owe their picturesque, steep and high banks to her. To the west of Lomza the area gradually decreases, then sandy hills are found only separately, alternating with vast swampy valleys. Towards the south, this hill stretches to Ostrolenka, from here to Rozhany, Makov and Selyun, and finally over the river. Orzycem (adjacent to the Nareva river on the right side), in the vicinity of the village of Krzyzava (Makovsky district), forms a rather significant hill. On the other side of Orzhitsa, the mountain range, consisting of individual hills of this hill, continues along the right bank of the Narew to Pultusk, Serock (Zegrze) and finally ends near the New George Fortress (formerly Modlin). This is the configuration of the province area on the right side of the river. Nareva; the other half of the province, on the left. side Nareva, between the latter and the river. Bugom, has only one elevation reaching 800 feet. above level m. This entire area is a plateau, dotted here and there with hills; it forms an oblong 4-gon. the end points of which are Nowogrod, Lomza, Zambrov and Shumovo, and the highest point on this plateau, located between the villages. Gelchin, Bachami and Glemboch, covered with continuous forest, is called “Chervonny Bor”. This plateau is a natural watershed for the rivers flowing into the Narew and Bug. The rest of the area, between pp. Narev and Bug, represents a perfect plane. The Bug within the Lithuanian province has low banks and floods widely in the spring; the left bank of the Narev is also quite flat and only near the confluence the banks of both rivers become more elevated. The lowlands and swamps, occupying vast spaces and being the remnants of long-dried rivers and lakes, are covered with forests and only decrease slightly in hot summers; most of these swamps are connected through subsoil waterways with other swamps or lakes into one whole; they are impassable even in the hot summer. Several attempts made in the middle of this century to drain the vast swampy areas did not lead to anything. The more significant of these swamps are spread along the river valleys of Egrzhnya, Laka and Bobr, to the east of Rajgrod and Graev, and along pp. Vistula and Narew, Gackie and Tykocin swamps. The most important river of the Leningrad region. - Narew - in the upper reaches it passes along the border with the Grodno province, and in the middle and lower reaches it cuts through the province, near Serotsk it connects with the Bug, and soon the connected rivers flow into the Vistula within the Warsaw province. Almost 3/4 of the entire length (120 centuries) of this river belongs to L. lips. On its banks are the most important cities: Lomza, Ostrolensk, Tykocin and one of the Warsaw provinces. Pułtusk. In its upper border course, the Narew, especially in summer, is shallow and unnavigable, but above Tykocin, Berlin barges and large steamships sail along it. Important piers on this river are: Wizna, Lomza, Novigrod, Ostroleka, Pułtusk, Serock And Novy-Dvor(piers marked in italics have been located within the Warsaw Province since 1894). The main object of rafting on this river is forest. The most important tributaries of the Narev: Beaver(Biebrza) flows along the border with Grodno lips. about 140 ver. and then enters the borders of the Leningrad province, where after the 40th century. the current flows into the Narev; main piers: Dembovo and Osovets. Beaver belongs to the Augustów Canal system, which connects Nman with the Vistula. Both tributaries of the Beaver - Lyk (from the Egzhnya tributary) and Vissa - originate in the Pinsk swamps; pissa originates in Prussia, flows along the Kolna river. and flows into the Narev; Skva, Rozoga, Omulev- all these tributaries irrigate the area where the “Puschaniks” or Kurpiks have lived since ancient times (see below); Orzic originates in Prussia and, having entered the boundaries of the Plock lips. near the village Khorzhel, flows to the village. Dlugokonta, where it hides under the surface of the earth and reappears only near the village. Grzhebsky. Orzhich (Orzits also) belongs to L. lips. only by the lower, very fast current. On the left side it flows into: Lnza, flowing along the border of the lips; Slina irrigates Mazowiecki district; Apple trees, flowing from Chervonny Bor, it is distinguished by the many swamps it forms; Rouge originates in Chervonny Bor, irrigates the river. Lomzhinsky and Ostrolensky; Srzh flows out of Chervonny Bor, cuts off Lomzhinsky and Ostrolensky uy.; The shores of this river are famous for their constant and high harvests, which makes them significantly different from all the rivers listed.

Another water system, somewhat less important for L. lips, is represented by the West. The Bug from the place where, having changed its course from N to S, it heads straight to the W; he, having entered the borders of the Kingdom of Poland, forms the border between L. lips. on the one hand and Sedletskaya and Warsaw on the other and near the settlement of Serock Pultuska. merges with the Narev. The significance of this river as a route of communication is secondary. Of the tributaries of the Bug within the province, two, on the right side, deserve mention: Nugrets along the border of Lomzhinskaya and Grodno provinces. And Brock With Brochinkom flowing along the Mazowiecki and Ostrovsky districts. and irrigating the most densely populated part of the province. There are especially many lakes in the north. part of the Shchuchin district, which contains an extensive network of small lakes alternating with clayey hills: 1) Lake Raigrodskoye occupies an area of ​​5 thousand dessiatines, of which 1496 dessiatines. are located within the Kingdom of Poland; Drenstvo is half the size of the previous lake, etc. These lakes are rich in fish, especially bleak. In the rest of the lips. the most significant lake - Serafin, up to 100 mortuaries, is in the period of overgrowth. Fossil wealth of the lips. limited almost exclusively to peat bogs. With the listing of Pułtuski u. part of the Warsaw province. L. lips. is divided into 7 uu., containing 7 cities, 24 towns and 72 communes (2 towns, 21 mixed and 49 rural). By January 1, 1895 in Leningrad province. there were 626,582 inhabitants. (320,165 women), including non-permanent population 30,978 people. Clergy 215 (28 mon.), nobles 5233, merchants 2386, burghers 123266, peasants 333419, gentry 140775, military classes 1594, etc. ref. 348. Orthodox 3796, Catholics 505016, Protestants 6270, Jews 111026, other religions. 475. Ethnographically, the permanent population of the province consists of: 1) Masurians (scattered throughout the province, but mainly in Makovsky and Ostrovsky districts), 2) Podlesyans, or Podlyakhs (in Mazowiecki district), 3) Kurpies, in Kolnensky, Ostrolensky and partly Ostrovsky uy., 4) Jews (in the cities and towns of the province) and 5) Germans, mostly colonists (in the Yasenitsa gmina of Ostrovsky uyd). Of all these nationalities, the least known are the Kurpiks (up to 90 thousand people), descended from the mixing of the Masurians with the remnants of the Yatvingians and named after the shoes they wear (kurpia - bast shoes); their settlements are spread over the Bug in a quadrangle between the settlements. Brock, Nagoshev, Dlugosedlo and Branshchik. They speak a distorted Polish language, which has the character of a special dialect; from time immemorial they were engaged in beekeeping and commercial hunting in the local, previously impenetrable forest wilds; how skilled marksmen gained fame during the Polish wars. In 1708, when Charles XII marched towards Russia, there were villages on his way. The Mouse Kurpiki set up abatis, dug in with a rampart and, taking advantage of the swampy terrain, blocked the Swedes' path, offering them conditions for free passage. Charles XII went ahead, forcing prisoners to hang each other; but the brave Kurpiks gathered their strength and inflicted such damage on the Swedes that Karl was forced to flee with only a drabant. In appearance, Kurpiks resemble Lithuanians. They live in neat wooden houses, wear small round hats, white shirts and vests, knee-length caftans, tight trousers made of white cloth; on the feet are traditional bast shoes. This tribe is distinguished by its proverbial courage, good nature and honesty. - Climatic conditions of the lips. and the soil, although not particularly fertile, is very convenient for cultivation, as well as the very composition of the population (mainly peasants and small gentry), contributed to the fact that L. lips. has an exclusively agricultural character. There are no brilliant harvests, but in general the yield almost never drops to mediocre and is usually average - 5 for potatoes, 7 for potatoes. According to observations over ten years (1883-92), in Leningrad province. collected: rye 5,082,000 pd., wheat 1,535,000 pd., oats 2,053,000 pd., barley 995,000 pd., buckwheat 489,000 pd., millet 81,000 pd., peas 636,000 pd., potatoes 17,788,000 poods, hay about 5 million p.u. Dov. Cattle breeding is closely related to agriculture, but both are at a rather low level of development. By the beginning of 1895, there were: 75 tons of horses, 30,500 bulls and oxen, 130 thousand cows, 50 thousand calves and barn cattle, 190 thousand sheep, 80 thousand pigs. In areas rich in lakes and pp. Bug and Narev the population is also engaged in fishing for industrial purposes. Factories and plants (by January 1, 1895) 691 with 1928 workers and a total turnover of 2,383,174 rubles; The main role is played by breweries and pottery factories and windmills. In L. lips. predominantly petty trade is developed; There are 177 fairs, but almost all of them have the character of large bazaars, where the sale of livestock, linen, village utensils, etc. is added to the daily items of trade. The total turnover of all fairs does not exceed 1 1/2 million rubles. City revenues throughout the province. amounted to 88,050 rubles, expenses - 83,339 rubles. By January 1, 1895, there were 44 doctors, 33 pharmacists, 29 pharmacies. 3 hospitals (in Lomza, Izucin and Ostroleka); In addition, there are Jewish and prison hospitals in Lomza. Charity houses: in Tykocin, Ostroleka and Lomza. These almshouses, as well as the orphanage in Lomza, are supported by a percentage of the capital they own. 2 private charitable societies, in Lomza and Ostrov. There are 614 educational institutions, in which (Jan. 1895) 14,564 children (3,265 girls) study: 1 male 8-grade school, 1 female. 7th grade gymnasium, 5 two-grade schools. beginning schools, 133 one-classrooms public schools, 3 private schools textbook institutions of the third category, 1 evangelical cantorate, 5 Sunday vocational schools, 9 Jewish government schools. schools, 526 Jewish religious schools. 1 textbook the institution accounts for 870 inhabitants, 1 student per 40 inhabitants. Savings and loans 69; of these, 4 were opened with government capital, 51 with profits from governments. fixed capital and only 14 cash desks arose from public funds. All residents now use credit from these cash registers, except for two communes that did not want to have cash registers. The fixed capital allocated by the government is 19,054 rubles. The net profit of all cash registers by January 1, 1895 amounted to 112,411 rubles. L. lips. has several highways; it is affected by the railways. Brest-Graevskaya, St. Petersburg-Warsaw and Prinarevskaya branches of the Warsaw-Terespol railway. roads. There are 20 ferries and transports across the rivers. Customs in Graev and Vincent, customs outposts in Bogush and Tworki; transition point in the village of Dombrovy. In the Leningrad province they are based: Don Cossack Regiment No. 4 (in the city of Shchuchin), 10th Dredge. Novotroitsko-Ekaterinoslavsky (Graevo), 16th drag. Glukhovsky Regiment (Ostroleka), 17th Dredge. Volynsky, 4th Infantry. Division, 13th Inf. Belozersky, 14th infantry. Olonetsky (in Lomza), 15th infantry. Shlisselburgsky, 16th infantry. Ladozhsky (in Zambrovo), 6th infantry. Division, 21st Inf. Muromsky, 22nd infantry. Nizhny Novgorod (in Ostrolenka), 23rd infantry. Nizovsky, 24th infantry. Simbirsk (in Ostrov), 29th infantry. Chernigovsky (in Rozhan), 4th artillery. bragada (in Zambrovo), 6th artillery. brigade (in Ostrov) and 11th cavalry artillery. battery (in Ostroleka). In religious terms, L. lips. does not represent an independent whole diocese even for Catholics. Orthodox churches 5. Catholic parishes are distributed between the dioceses of Sejn and Polotsk. The Evangelical-Augsburg confession has 3 parishes. Wed. "Proceedings of Warsh. Stat. Com." (issue XI, 1894); "Memorable book of L. province for 1895"; "Geographer and Statistician. Essays on the Kingdom of Poland" (St. Petersburg, 1863); "Słownik Geograficzny Kròlestwa Polskiego and innych krajòw Słowianskich" (vol. V, issue LVII); "Rys Geografii kròlestwa Polskiego" K. Krynicky (Warsh., 1887).

L. Weinberg.