Area of Albania in sq. km. The capital of Albania is a tyrant. The Albanian flag features
In recent years, more and more tourists have come to Albania. This is connected, of course, with the political and economic stability of this country. However, for most of us, Albania is still a little-studied and mysterious Balkan country, where, according to rumors, there are stunningly beautiful beaches and unique old architecture. So what is Albania really like?
Geography
Albania is one of the countries of southeastern Europe, which is located in the Balkans. The total area of this ancient country is 28,748 km2. sq. The Republic of Albania borders Montenegro in the north, Kosovo in the northeast, Macedonia in the east, and Greece in the south and southeast. The total length of the Albanian border is 1094 km. In the west, Albania is washed by the warm and clear waters of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. The highest peak in Albania is Mount Korabi (2764 m).
Capital of Albania
The capital of Albania is Tirana, which was founded by the Turks in 1614. In 1920, the All-Albanian National Congress proclaimed Tirana the capital of an independent Albania. Now the population of Tirana is more than 400 thousand people.
Official language
The official language of Albania is Albanian, which is a branch of the Indo-European languages and also the heir of the Illyrian language. Modern Albanian has many borrowings from Greek, Italian, Latin, Turkish, and Slavic.
Religion
About 70% of the population of Albania are Muslims, practicing its Sunni branch. Another 20% of Albanians are Christians belonging to the Greek Catholic Church. The remaining 10% of Albanians are Catholics.
State structure
Albania is a parliamentary republic. The modern constitution of the country was adopted on October 21, 1998, after many years of struggle for independence. The Parliament of Albania is a unicameral Assembly (People's Assembly), in which elections of deputies take place every 4 years (a total of 140 deputies).
The main political parties are the Democratic Party of Albania, the Socialist Party of Albania, the Democratic Alliance, the Republican Party of Albania, and the Unity Party for Human Rights.
On April 1, 2009, Albania became a member of NATO. Now Albania is striving to join the European Union. In April 2009, Albania officially applied for EU membership.
Climate and weather
The average air temperature in Albania is +15.9 C. In the coastal regions of Albania, the climate is subtropical Mediterranean, temperate. Summers are hot and dry (from +24 C to +28 C), while winters are mild and humid (from +4 C to +14 C). In the Alpine regions of Albania, the climate is continental, with humid summers (up to +10 C) and cold winters (up to -12-20 C).
Sea in Albania
Albania is washed by the waters of the Adriatic and Ionian seas. The total coastline is 362 km. On the Adriatic coast of Albania near ancient city Lying, founded in the 4th century BC, there is a beautiful Drina Bay.
Albania owns several small islands, but they are all uninhabited. The largest of them is the island of Sazani, which is located at the entrance to the Gulf of Vlora. Its area is 5 km. sq.
The coast of Albania and Italy is connected by the Strait of Otranto, which is 75 km wide. This strait separates the Adriatic and Ionian seas.
Rivers and lakes
Despite the fact that Albania is a small mountainous country, a large number of rivers flow through its territory. The largest of them are the Drin River (285 km) in the north of the country and the Seman River (281 km) in the south. The rivers Vyosa (272 km), Mat (115 km), Shkumbin (181 km), and Bystrica should also be distinguished.
On the territory of Albania there are several large lakes - Ohrid, Skadar, Bolshaya Prespa and Malaya Prespa.
The area of Lake Ohrid is 358 km. sq. Its average depth is 155 m, and the maximum depth is 288 m. Now Lake Ohrid is included in the list of objects world heritage UNESCO. Even 2 species of trout live in this lake.
Skadar Lake is located not only in Albania, but also in Montenegro. Its average area is 475 km. sq. In 2005, a state reserve was established in Albania on the territory of Lake Skadar.
Lakes Bolshaya Prespa and Malaya Prespa are located at an altitude of 853 meters above sea level.
Story
The ancestors of modern Albanians are the Illyrian tribes who settled in the Western Balkans in the 2nd millennium BC. In the 7th century BC. on the territory of modern Albania, the ancient Greeks founded several city-states (Durres, Apollonia and Butrintia). At different times, these Greek colonies were part of Ancient Macedonia and the Roman Empire. By the way, these lands fell under the control of Rome in 167 BC, after a long and bloody war.
In 285 AD Roman emperor Diocletian divided Illyria (i.e. the territory of modern Albania) into four provinces. The capital of one of them was in Durres.
In 395 AD Illyria, after the collapse of the Roman Empire, became part of Byzantium. In the 9th century, the neighboring Bulgarian kingdom became very strong and powerful. As a result, the territory of modern Albania became part of this kingdom.
In the Middle Ages, several feudal principalities were formed on the territory of modern Albania. So, in 1190, a feudal principality was formed in Kruja. At the end of the XIV century, the Ottoman Empire began to claim the territory of Albania. After many years of wars (the uprising of Skanderbeg), in 1479, Albania became part of the Ottoman Empire. Despite the constant uprisings against the Turkish yoke, Albania was able to gain independence only in 1912. During World War I, Albania was occupied by Italy, Serbia and Austria-Hungary. After the end of the First World War, Albania regained its independence, and in 1920 the Albanian National Congress proclaimed Tirana the capital of the country.
During World War II, the Albanian National Army, led by Enver Hoxha, put up stubborn resistance to Italian and German troops. In January 1946, the People's Socialist Republic Albania. The communist Enver Hoxha became the leader of the country.
In December 1990, a multi-party system was introduced in Albania, and after that, the importance of the Communist Party in this country became very small. In October 1998, a new Albanian constitution was adopted.
culture
Naturally, Albania, which has ancient history, has a unique culture, which was greatly influenced by the ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Slavs (primarily Serbs). In the Middle Ages, the culture of Albania was under strong Turkish influence. But this is understandable, because then this territory was part of the Ottoman Empire.
In addition, the Italians had a noticeable influence on Albanian culture in the Middle Ages (in particular, Venice claimed the rights to some Albanian cities), who for a long time considered the territory of modern Albania to be their “patrimony”.
First of all, it should be noted the unique Albanian architecture, which developed under the influence of the Serbs, Italians and Turks. However, unfortunately, in the years 1944-1990, during the rule of the Communist Party, many architectural monuments were destroyed. To a greater extent, this applies to ancient mosques and Catholic churches.
However, during the rule of the communist party in Albania, the cities of Gjirokastra and Berat were declared museum cities. Today, Gjirokastra and Berat, thanks to the preserved architecture of the Ottoman Empire, have been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Albanian literature began to develop only in the second half of the 19th century, when a movement for national awakening appeared - Rilindja Kombëtare, which sought independence from the Ottoman Empire. This movement belongs to romantic nationalism, and thanks to it one can understand the mentality of modern Albanians.
The national Albanian elite appeared only at the beginning of the 20th century, thanks to graduates of Catholic educational institutions created by the Jesuits and Franciscans in the city of Shkoder.
During the Second World War, most writers were forced to leave Albania, and only in the 1960s did the Albanian literary renaissance begin, associated primarily with the name of Ismail Kadare. Even modern Albanian writers take a lot from the work of the poet and prose writer Kadare.
As far as cinema is concerned, the first film studio in Albania (Albafilm) was established in 1952, and the first Albanian feature film appeared in 1958 (this was Tana).
Albanian Cuisine
Albanian cuisine was formed under strong Turkish influence. A traditional meal in Albania starts with a starter known as "meze" (sour milk, meat, cucumbers, garlic, olive oil, spices). A tourist may mistake "meze" for a main course, but in fact it is just a local snack. The traditional "meze" is served in Albania with chicken liver. As for the traditional Albanian aperitif, it is rakia or a glass of red wine.
The most popular salads in Albania are potato salad, bean salad, and fresh vegetable salad (tomatoes, cucumbers, green peppers and onions). The most popular Albanian soups are "Jahni soup" (its taste differs across Albanian regions) and lemon soup.
Tourists should remember that Albania is a Muslim country where they do not eat pork. But in this country, especially in coastal areas, fish dishes are very popular. Almost all types of fish are served baked in olive oil with garlic and various spices. Lamb dishes are also popular in Albania.
But always please leave room for the Albanian dessert which is just great. Baklava, Turkish delight, kadaiff, which have Turkish roots, are made in Albania in a variety of, sometimes very unusual, versions. We also advise you to try the local pudding made from sheep's milk and figs in Albania.
Sights of Albania
There are so many attractions in Albania that we, perhaps, will highlight only 5 of them:
Cities and resorts of Albania
The largest Albanian cities are Tirana, Durres, Vlora, Shkoder, Berat, Korca, Gjirokastra, and Elbasan. The main port of Albania is the city of Durres, which was founded long ago by the ancient Greeks.
Almost every coastal Albanian city is a wonderful resort. Holidays on the Albanian Riviera (this is the territory along the Ionian Sea in the south of Albania) is cheaper than, for example, in Croatia. In addition, there are not very many people on the Albanian Riviera, which is also an advantage.
Souvenirs/Shopping
We advise tourists to go to the small town of Kruja, north of Tirana. In this ancient city (now its population is only 20 thousand people) you can buy the best Albanian souvenirs, jewelry and antiques. We recommend buying dolls, ashtrays, toys, olive oil, honey, tea, herbs, spices, alcoholic beverages, mugs, plates, t-shirts, Albanian flags, as well as Albanian folk music CDs in Albania.
Office Hours
In Albania, most shops are open from 9.00 to 18.00, and banks - from 08.00 to 16.00. Some shops are open on Saturdays and Sundays.
Visa
A visa is required to enter Albania. However, a valid Schengen visa is sufficient grounds for entry. Visa-free entry to Albania is provided for the period from June 1 to October 31 (if you have a passport).
Currency of Albania
Lek is the official currency of Albania. One lek (international designation: AL) is equal to 100 kindarks. In Albania, banknotes of the following denominations are used: 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000 leks.
In addition, there are coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 lek.
Albanians do not mind when tourists pay them with dollars or euros.
Never change the currency “by hand”, no matter how attractive the exchange rate is. Otherwise, you risk becoming a victim of scammers.
Customs restrictions
You cannot bring local currency (lek) into Albania. Foreign currency can be brought into Albania without any restrictions. You can take out up to 5 thousand dollars from Albania, or as much money as the tourist declared when entering this country.
It is allowed to export from Albania 2 liters of wine, 1 liter of strong alcoholic beverages, up to 200 cigarettes, etc. per person.
Useful phone numbers and addresses
Embassy of Albania in Ukraine (part-time with Poland):
Address: 02-386 Warsaw, Altova st., 1
Phone: (810 4822) 824-14-27
Fax: (0-22) 824-14-26
Reception days: Monday-Friday from 8-00 to 16-00
The interests of Ukraine in Albania are represented by the Embassy of Ukraine in Greece:
Address: Greece, Athens 152 37, Filothei, Stefanou Delta St. 20-4
Phone: (8 10 30210) 68 00 230
Fax: (8 10 30210) 68 54 154
Email: , This email address is being protected from spambots. You must have JavaScript enabled to view.
Emergency Phones ambulance (17)
fire department (18)
police (19)
road administration (42 23600)
traffic police (42 34874).
Time in Albania
All Albania's territory belongs to the same time zone. The difference with Kyiv time is 1 hour. Those. if in Tirana, for example, 9:00 am, then in Kyiv - 10:00 am.
Tips
Most of the waiters in Albanian restaurants understand English and Italian. Tipping for services in Albania is 10% of the bill.
Medicine
The emergency number in Albania is 17.
Safety
After the turbulent events of the 1990s (the war in Kosovo), the Albanians still have a lot of weapons in their hands. In general, Albanians are a “hot” nation, so tourists need to be very careful. So, we do not advise tourists to look into the eyes of Albanians for a long time, and also to express feelings for Albanian women. Cars, of course, are best left in guarded parking lots.
Albania is a small South European state located in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. From the northwest, Albania is washed by the Adriatic Sea, and from the southwest - by the waters of the Ionian Sea. The official name of the country is the Republic of Albania. detailed map Albania demonstrates that despite the diverse relief of the Balkan side of the Adriatic, the country has at its disposal only three uninhabited islands, the largest of which - the island of Sazani - does not exceed 5 km 2 in area.
Albania on the world map: geography, nature and climate
Even for Europe, the size of the country is quite modest. Albania on the world map occupies only 28748 km 2. The total length of Albania's borders is 717 km, but it boasts four land neighbors. In the northwest, the country borders with Montenegro, in the southeast - with Greece and in the west - with Macedonia. Albania also has a segment of the border with Serbia in the northeast, but this territory of the Serbian state has recently been part of the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo.
In addition, through the Strait of Otranto, the country borders on Italy. The length of the coastline of the state is 362 km.
The peculiarity of the borders of Albania is that they are completely artificial. During the creation of the country, the borders were determined without taking into account the terrain, which is especially clearly seen on the southern borders of the state.
Geographical position
Despite its small size, Albania can demonstrate a fairly diverse relief. About 70% of the country is represented by hilly and mountainous regions. Along the northern border are located mountains Prokletiye, which on the map of Albania in Russian can be called the Northern Albanian Alps. Their height reaches 2692 m, but the highest point of the country is located to the south, on the border with neighboring Macedonia. Height Korab mountains, which is part of the mountain range of the same name, is 2762 m above sea level.
Only the central and northwestern coastal regions of Albania lie on the fertile plains. The valleys of the country abound with rivers. The largest of them - Drin river. Its length is 148 km and, like almost all the rivers of the country, it originates in the eastern mountainous regions and flows into the Adriatic Sea. Also on the lands of Albania there are many lakes, but the largest of them are Prespa, Shkoder And Ohrid Lake- located on the borders of the country.
Animal and plant world
The mountainous regions of Albania are infertile and are represented, for the most part, by forests. Beech, chestnut, birch, pine and spruce meet here. The plains of the country are represented by standard Mediterranean evergreen shrub vegetation and extensive agricultural regions.
The fauna of Albania is concentrated in mountainous deserted areas. Bears, wolves, lynxes, martens, deer and wild boars live here. Migratory birds live on the coast in large numbers: pelicans, swallows, storks and herons. Coastal waters are rich in commercial fish, and trout is often found in mountain rivers.
Climate
The phenomenon of altitudinal zonation is clearly presented in the country. The lowland and coastal regions are characterized by a Mediterranean subtropical climate. Summer temperatures here reach 25-27°C, while winter temperatures fluctuate between 8-9°C. The mountainous regions are closer to the temperate continental climate and the temperature here is on average 5-7°C lower. Precipitation throughout the country is quite plentiful, but unevenly distributed. So, in the Northern Albanian Alps, this figure reaches 2500 mm per year. On the coast, the level of precipitation does not exceed 1300 mm, and in the eastern regions of Albania it drops to 750 mm.
Map of Albania with cities. Administrative division of the country
Albania is divided into 12 regions. In terms of area, they are quite comparable. The average population density of the country is about 100 per km2. A map of Albania with cities in Russian shows that the largest cities of the country are located on flat coastal lands. 50% of the population lives in the three western regions on the Adriatic coast.
Tirana
Tirana is the capital and The largest city Albania. It is located close to the geographical center of the country. Up to 30 percent of the population lives here. It is natural that Tirana is the economic, industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of Albania.
Durres
Durres, the second largest city of the state, is located 30 km west of the capital on the Adriatic coast. In addition to the country's largest port, the city has the largest number of architectural monuments in Albania.
Vlorë
In the southwestern part of the country, at the junction of two seas, the city of Vlora is located. It is a major tourist center and the country's second most important port. It is Vlore that is the base of the naval forces of Albania.
The region where the country of Albania is located is known for tense relations between the Christian and Muslim communities. This situation arose due to the border position of the Balkan Peninsula, because since the 15th century it has been a battlefield between the Muslim Ottoman Empire and the countries of Christian Europe. Albania occupies a unique position among other Balkan countries with its almost equal division of the entire population into Christians and Muslims. The number of people professing Christianity of one kind or another is about 47% in the country. The article will answer the question of where Albania is located, which countries border it and what place it occupies on the European continent. Given the difficult political situation on the Balkan Peninsula, the position of the country on the world map is of utmost importance for European politics.
Where is Albania
It will not be difficult to show the country on the map, because it occupies an extremely advantageous position on the coast mediterranean sea: in southwestern Europe and in the west of the Balkan Peninsula.
Albania shares borders with four states, one of which is the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo. The other three countries are Greece, Macedonia and Montenegro. From the Apennine Peninsula, on which Italy is located, Albania is separated by the Strait of Orontes, which makes the position of the Balkan country strategically extremely important.
All the borders of the Balkan Peninsula, including the Albanian ones, were drawn artificially based on the results of meetings of representatives of the most influential European states following the results of the First World War. Historians consider this division, although it was carried out as delicately as possible, the main reason for the numerous ethnic conflicts that shook the region at the end of the 20th century.
Albanian coast
The region where Albania is located is famous for its tourism traditions. Every year, millions of tourists come to relax on the beaches of neighboring states. However, Albania has a lot to offer beach lovers. The length of its coastline reaches 362 kilometers.
The sandy beaches of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas have gentle slopes to the water, which is quite convenient for tourists. However, it is precisely because of this arrangement of the coastline that there are practically no natural deep-water bays in the country that are convenient for ships to enter.
Inland waters
Given that the length of the country from north to south is 340 kilometers, and from west to east - only 150 kilometers, it is not surprising that the largest river in Albania is the Drin. The distance from the confluence of its two main tributaries to the mouth is 148 kilometers.
The river originates in the mountainous areas in the north of the country, and some hydrologists believe that it is correct to count the length of the river from the source of the Black Drin, which flows from the deepest and most ancient lake of the Balkans - Orchid. In this case, the length of the river will be already 281 kilometers.
The Drin River is of great importance for the country, since the region where Albania is located is poor in fossil fuel resources, and the waters of the river have made it possible to obtain a significant amount of energy from hydroelectric power plants, of which there are three on the Drina.
Orchid Lake, which gives rise to the longest river in Albania, is located on the territory of two states - the Macedonian Republic and Albania itself. This body of water is similar in origin to the neighboring Lake Presla. Both are interconnected by underground rivers that carry water from Lake Presla to Orchid, feeding it.
This amazing reservoir is recognized natural monument and protected by UNESCO. And the reason for such attention is that the phenomenon of endemism is widespread in the lake, that is, the species that live in it are not found anywhere else in nature. Endemism is characteristic of the entire food chain of the lake, from phytoplankton to benthic fauna.
In addition, there are 247 lakes of various sizes in the country.
Albania landscape
From a geological point of view, Albania is a very diverse country. Here, both plains and hills with low mountains, and valleys, as well as caves and deep gorges, are presented in abundance.
The country is usually divided into four major regions. To the north is the Prokletije mountain range, also known as the North Albanian Alps. In the south is the Dinaric Highlands, and in the center is the Central Mountain Range.
The fourth region is the coastal riviera, where the Karaburun peninsula stands out. A flat coastal strip stretches from south to north from the city of Vlore. On average, this strip does not deepen more than sixteen kilometers inland, except for a section near the city of Elbasan, where it suddenly widens to fifty kilometers.
This coastal lowland is characterized by low shrub vegetation of the Mediterranean type or is completely devoid of it. In those parts where regular rainfall occurs, important arable land is located.
North Albanian Alps. Geographical position
Where Albania is located, it has already become clear. Now it's time to deal with the geography within the country. Since the state is located on the territory of the Mediterranean Fold Belt, stretching from the south of France to the Tibetan Highlands, the landscape in the country is appropriate.
The largest mountain system in Albania is considered to be the North Albanian Alps, called Prokletiy by the locals. This mountain range, located on the territory of Albania, Serbia and Montenegro, stretches for a hundred kilometers from west to east along the southern part of the Dinaric highlands.
most high peak Mount Jezertsa is considered, reaching a height of 2692 meters. However, other peaks, such as Radokhina, Dzhyaravitsa, Shkelzeni, located on the territory of neighboring countries, are slightly inferior to it.
Dinaric Highlands
As it has already become clear, the region where Albania is located is very mountainous due to geological reasons. Another important mountain range is the Dinaric Highlands, which passes through the territory of six states at once: Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania.
In the description of the country of Albania, where such important mountain systems as the Dinaric Highlands are located, it is definitely worth including the story that untouched virgin forests have been preserved on its territory, while in the rest of Europe they were reduced many centuries ago.
Of course, these forests are home to numerous species of animals: roe deer, wolves, lynxes, chamois, brown bears, as well as large birds, such as peregrine falcons.
Karaburun Peninsula
This is a unique natural region in the southwest of the Albanian Riviera. A natural reserve and a military base coexist on its territory. There is no permanent population on the peninsula, but numerous tourists visit it every year.
The name of the peninsula is translated from Turkish as "Black nose". Perhaps this is due to its shape, since it protrudes into the sea for sixteen kilometers and has a width of up to four and a half kilometers. In clear weather, you can see the Italian coast and the outlines of the city of Otranto from the peninsula.
On both sides, the peninsula is washed by the waters of the Adriatic and Ionian seas. The coastal waters of the peninsula are the basis for the creation of the Karaburun-Sazan marine reserve, which was founded in 2010 and to this day is the only marine reserve in the country. Tourists in the park are attracted primarily by the opportunity to scuba dive along the coast and admire the sunken ships that belonged to the empires of bygone eras.
Climate of Albania
Despite its small territory, the country boasts a relatively diverse and complex climate, which is influenced by many factors. The climate in Albania varies from north to south and from the foot of the mountains to their peaks. In most of the country, the climate is formed according to the Mediterranean type, and the warmest winters are observed on the southern coast of the Ionian Sea. At the same time, in the mountains, at a considerable height, long and rather severe winters are observed.
Such a diverse climate entails increasing biodiversity. Biologists identify four diverse ecological regions within this small mediterranean country. Thus, the region where Albania is located, the location of the republic and the peculiarities of the Balkan climate make the country one of the most favorable for ecotourism.
There are countries that many have heard of, but little is known about them. However, this makes these states no less interesting for us. Among the list of similar countries where Albania, Montenegro, Bulgaria, etc. is located, you can choose a perfect place to relax.
Albania is a small country, located not as far from us as it might seem. It attracts with its originality and lack of total popularization. I am glad that at least small parts of the map of the civilized world remain attractive from the cognitive side.
In our article, we will look at where Albania is located, we will give those geographical data that will become interesting and useful if there is an intention to spend your vacation there.
Geographical position
Let's start with the fact that - a small European state, located in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. In a more global view, this is the southeastern part of Europe. It will also help to more clearly imagine where Albania is located, a photo of a map of Europe.
With its borders, the state from the eastern and northern side is adjacent to Montenegro and Serbia. To the east, Albania's neighbor is Macedonia, and to the south and southeast, Greece.
The western outskirts of the country are the seashores. So, Albania is washed in the west, and a little to the south - by the Ionian. Together, the coastline of the state has 472 km.
Across the strait called Otranto lies Italy. The width of this strait is 75 km.
The area of the country's territory is 28 thousand km. sq. Looking at the map, we will see that Albania is stretched from north to south. The length in this direction is 345 km. From west to east, it extends for a distance of 145 (widest part) to 80 (narrowest part) km.
A bit of history
So, we already know exactly where Albania is. We continue to be interested in it, so we will touch on the main historical data.
The first peoples who inhabited the territory of the country were the Illyrians. Greek explorers in the 2nd century AD e. called them Albanians, and this became the premise of the current name. At the same time, they themselves locals called themselves differently - Arbers, and the country, respectively, "Arber".
Conquests and preserved identity
The territories of Albania were repeatedly conquered by both neighboring countries and distant ones. There were Romans, and Turks, and Slavs. However, even after numerous ups and downs, the indigenous people managed to preserve their ethnic identity.
The most important forced change is the adoption of Islam at a time when conquerors, namely the Turks, dominated the territory of Albania. Today this religion remains predominant.
Albania became an independent state even before the First World War. First it was a republic, then it passed to a monarchy. After these stages, the political administration changed several times. Now, as you know, a republican system has been re-established here.
natural features
We already know where Albania is located, and important stages in the history of the country. But there are also luxurious natural resources. We will talk about the features of the nature of the territory in this information block.
According to the prevailing landforms, Albania is a mountainous country. The rest is occupied by alluvial and swampy plains. There are four physiographic regions within the country, three of which are mountainous.
Mountains stretch from northwest to southeast: the North Albanian Alps (the most difficult region of the country, called locally cursed), mountainous areas of a more calm relief (for example, the Mirdita mountain plateau).
Along the coastal part of Albania there are narrow flat areas. But even they are not exceptionally flat surfaces: in some places their relief is disturbed by mountain ranges and hills. Local climatic conditions continue to actively influence the formation of the country's coastline.
The most high point country, Mount Korabit, is located in the eastern part, bordering Yugoslavia. The height above sea level of its peak is 2764 m. This area belongs to the region of the Drin River.
The nature of the country contributes to the development of agriculture. The soils of the flat part are suitable for crop production, and cattle breeding is common in all areas.
Conclusion
So, we learned where the country of Albania is located. The region of its placement on the map is that in the southeastern part of Europe. The peculiarity of this state is a long history, consisting of many conquests. At the same time, the local population managed to preserve their traditions, a recognizable Balkan identity. The global change affected only faith - after the seizure of territories by the Turks, Islam began to prevail.
Good location (wide access to the sea, economically advantageous neighborhood) makes Albania a promising country. Beautiful nature pleases tourists, and favorable climatic conditions support local agriculture.
I would like to hope that after reading the article there will be no questions left regarding the basic information about the wonderful one called Albania. Where this state is located, you can easily clarify by examining the map of Europe.
Republic of Albania (Republic of Albania) - a small state, which is located in the southeastern part of Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula, washed by the waters of the Ionian and Adriatic seas. Neighbors in the northeast are Montenegro, Macedonia and Kosovo, in the southeast - Greece, and is separated from Italy in the west by the Strait of Otranto. The relief is mostly mountains and hills, which alternate with deep valleys. There are several lakes in the country. By area Albania is on the 139th place in the world. The independence of the country was proclaimed on November 28, 1912. During the first half of the twentieth century Albania was constantly under occupation. The state became completely free after the end of World War II.
Republic of Albania
1. Capital
The most populated city in the country, the largest political and economic center. located at the foot of Daiti Mountain, leads here cable car and there is one national park right there Albania. Daiti is one of the most popular and favorite places for citizens, where they spend the weekend with the whole family.
was founded by the Turks in 1613 and was called Teheran, and in 1920 it became the capital of Albania. Population tyrants is about 380 thousand people. For quite a long period the country was isolated, but now you can easily visit this wonderful city and learn its history.
2. Flag
The flag of Albania shows:
A red cloth and a double-headed black eagle in the center of the flag.
Meaning and a bit of history of the flag of Albania:
National flag of Albania was adopted on April 7, 1992, and the coat of arms was applied to it on May 22, 1993. The red color of the flag symbolizes the blood of Albanian patriots that was shed in the fight against the Turkish invaders. According to one version, the double-headed eagle in the center of the flag is the origin of the Albanians, as descendants of the eagle, according to another, the eagle was borrowed from the coat of arms of the Byzantine Empire. A double-headed black eagle on a red background was the banner of the struggle against the Turks.
3. Coat of arms
Coat of arms of Albania is an image black double headed eagle, located on shield Red , above which Skanderbeg's helmet is depicted. George Skanderbeg, whose helmet is on coat of arms of Albania, is a national hero Albania. Skanderbeg fought for unification and independence Albania, and repelled the invasion of the Turks.
4. Anthem
listen to the Albanian anthem
watch and listen to the anthem of Albania
5. Currency
Albanian currency. State currency of Albania is - Albanian Lek (currency sign - L, bank code: ALL) . Name Lek comes from the abbreviation of the name of Alexander the Great (Alb. Leka i Madh). The appearance of the banknotes is quite interesting and pretty. Banknotes in denominations of 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 are in circulation. lek different designs (you can find banknotes of three different issues that differ in appearance), and coins in 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 lek. Albanian lek consists of 100 kindarok.
Well Albanian Lek to the ruble or any other currency can be viewed on the currency converter:
Albanian Lek has this appearance:
Coins of Albania
Albanian banknotes
6. 10 Largest cities in Albania:
- Tirana (capital)
- Elbasan
- Durres
- Shkoder
- Vlorë
- Korcha
- fieri
- Kuchova
- Saranda
- Berat
7. Geography
Area of Albania: 28,748 km 2, one of the smallest countries in Europe.
Albania located in the west of the Balkan Peninsula. In the southeast and south it borders on Greece (the length of the common border is 282 km), in the east - on Macedonia (151 km), in the north and northwest - on Kosovo (115 km) and Montenegro (172 km). . It is washed by the waters of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas (the coastline is 362 km.). The Strait of Otranto, 75 km wide, separates Albania from Italy.
Geography of Albania characterized by two large regions: a region dominated by mountains and highlands (north, east, and south), this region accounts for 70% of the total territory of the country; and the western region, dominated by coastal lowlands and plains, these regions contain almost all of the country's agricultural land, and are the most populated part Albania. More than a third of the territory Albania covered by forests and swamps, another third is occupied by meadows, and only one fifth is used for agricultural land.
8. How to get to Albania?
9. Things to look out for
The main attraction of Albania is its climate and natural conditions. Albania has collected a lot of breathtaking natural objects that attract travelers - the country's landscape is rich in rocky peaks and picturesque mountains, dense forests, beautiful beaches washed by the azure blue waters of the Adriatic.
In addition to the beaches of the Adriatic and Ionian seas, Albania has at its disposal many historical sights. In the territory Albania the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman empires left their mark. And many artifacts of those distant times are very well preserved and can be visited today.
And strangely enough, Albania together with its sights, it is practically not studied by foreign tourists.
And here is a small list of attractions which you should pay attention to when planning excursions to Albania:
- Amphitheater of Durres
- big park
- great mosque
- Byzantine forum and rotunda of the city of Durres
- Resurrection Cathedral
- Mount Daite
- Ancient Apollonia
- Durres Castle and Venetian Tower
- Tirana Castle
- Historical Museum in Vlorë
- Fortress Rozafa
- Mosque of Gjirokastra
- Muradiye Mosque
- Mes bridge
- Museum of Medieval Art
- Butrint Museum-Reserve
- National marine park"Karaburun-Sazan"
- Synagogue ruins
- Lead Mosque
- Citadel and Museum of Weapons
10. What's the weather like here?
Climate of Albania. Most of the territory Albania located in the subtropical climate zone, the climate is Mediterranean, temperate. characteristic feature Climate of Albania in the coastal zone is dry and hot summers and mild warm winters. Average temperature in Albanian capital Tirana in mid-July - 25 ° C, in August it is hotter - from 17 ° C to 31 ° C. In winter, the temperature varies from + 2 ° C to + 25 ° C. The mountainous regions of the country have a continental climate. In the north, winters are very cold and snowy, and there is a large amount of precipitation in summer. Holiday season in Albania lasts from May to September, sometimes it can last for another month.
11. Population
Albanian population. Albania is one of the most sparsely populated European countries. Population is 2.89 million Human. Albanians make up 95% of the total population of the country. In addition to them, about 50 thousand Greeks (3%), 20 thousand Macedonians, 8 thousand Montenegrins, as well as representatives of other nations - Bulgarians, Serbs, Gypsies, etc., live in the country.
What should you wear?
What clothes must be taken with you when traveling to Albania? When choosing clothes for trips to albania, you should not at all be guided by the erroneous opinion that due to religious characteristics, it is forbidden to wear certain types of clothing in the country. There is a similar trend, but it does not apply to tourists, so take your usual clothes and shoes and do not bother about choosing an outfit. For walking tours, it will be the very thing - comfortable shoes, warm clothes will not be superfluous on fresh evenings, a windbreaker and an umbrella will help from bad weather. A compact set of clothes for the season will allow you not to depend on the vagaries of the weather.
12. And what about eating?
National cuisine of Albania. Due to its location and proximity to a large number of countries Albanian national cuisine learned to really varied and tasty. Also, the Ottoman domination, which lasted almost 4 centuries, had a significant impact on the cuisine. Great popularity in Albanian national cuisine seafood dishes are used, for example, sea bass with tomatoes, inherited from ancient Roman and Greek chefs. At local restaurants you can taste brodetto from crabs or various types risotto.
To prepare a wide range of dishes Albanian cuisine use boiled and canned corn. Cornmeal is the basis of the national dish. The restaurants serve a variety of dishes, both fresh and stewed vegetables. From dairy products, sheep's milk is popular. Sheep in the highlands Albania bred for a long time. Milk is a part of many dishes, many varieties of cheese are prepared from it.
Popularity among drinks Albanian cuisine conquered" bose"- a sweet drink based on sugar, water, corn and wheat flour, and a cold drink" tarator» based on kefir, cucumbers and olive oil.
13. Shopaholics take note
There are rumors that in Albania for shoppers it will be boring. However, this is not the case, the country has many branded stores and outlets where you can buy exclusive goods for much cheaper than in the main fashion capitals. And all thanks to the "neighbor" - Italy. A large number of clothing factories and industries are located in cities Albania who label their items "Made in Italy".
Albania one of the few countries in which it is very profitable to make purchases. And the country is also known for its wonderful craftsmen who manually make stunning decor items from different materials (wood, wool, bone, etc.). In any corner of the Republic, you will find many souvenir shops with exclusive goods: figurines, silks, yarn or dishes.
14. Rules of exemplary behavior
Features of behavior in Albania. In public places, try to avoid outfits that include shorts, revealing dresses, or short skirts. And remember that in Albania head nod indicates NO, and shaking the head from side to side - YES.
15. Holidays
National holidays and non-working days in Albania:
- 1 — 2 January - New Year
- January 7 - Orthodox Christmas
- January — February - Great Bairam
- January 11 - Day of the Republic of Albania
- one of the days in March - Kurban Bayram
- April - Good Friday and Easter
- May 1 - Labor Day (Labor Day)
- October 19 - Mother Teresa's Day
- November - Little Bairam
- November 28 - Albanian Flag Day
- November 29 - Albania Liberation Day
- December 25 - Christmas
16. Flora and Fauna
Nature of Albania- one of the most colorful and diverse in Europe. It is characterized by mountainous terrain, overgrown with dense forests, high rocky peaks, picturesque coasts washed by the Adriatic and Ionian Seas, capable of competing with the best European Mediterranean resorts.
Vegetable world. In mountainous areas Albania geological conditions are unfavorable for the formation of fertile soils. Soil and ground masses, demolished from the mountains, create unfavorable conditions for agriculture. Low hills are covered mainly with thickets of xerophytic shrubs - maquis. They are gradually replaced by deciduous forests dominated by oaks in the middle tier of the mountains. Other trees include birch, chestnut and pine.
Animal world. In Albania many wild animals have survived, but they are concentrated in those places of plateaus and mountains, where there are sufficient reserves of surface water. Predators such as brown bears, wolves, jackals, lynxes, forest cats, and artiodactyls such as wild boar, roe deer and deer, which were once found throughout the country, are now pushed back to more inaccessible mountainous areas. The lowland areas are home to many wild birds such as pelicans and herons. Among the reptiles there are many snakes, snakes, vipers, lizards, and you can also stumble upon geckos and turtles.
Albania has at its disposal 6 National parks, 24 nature reserves and monuments of nature.
17. Religion
- Sunni Muslims (70%)
- Christians:
- Greek Orthodox Church - 20%
- Catholics - 10%
- and representatives of other faiths.
Albania is the only European country that has a Muslim majority.
18. Medicine
Albanian medicine. The level of medicine in the country is significantly inferior compared to its European "neighbors". Health care is poorly developed, in many parts of the country there is a constant shortage of medical supplies, the level of training of local doctors can be described as low, and the existing medical equipment is very outdated or out of order.
Official medicine in Albania for the entire population of the country - free. For guests and tourists arriving in the camp, only the first one is free of charge health care all other services rendered will be charged. Paid medicine in Albania is steadily gaining momentum, but Albania has embarked on a radical restructuring of healthcare.
19. "Dangerous for life"
dangers who may be waiting for you in Albania:
Albania- enough calm country, and stay in it does not require special security measures. In crowded places and keep an eye on your bag and wallet. In general, Albanian society is quite conservative: respect the opinions of the older generation and try not to get into an argument about religion or politics. Running water is not hazardous to health, but we still recommend drinking bottled water.
So there are not many dangers in this country, but here are some of them:
- landslides
- rockfalls
- wild animals
20. Souvenirs
Here is a short list of the most common souvenirs which tourists usually bring from Albania:
- glasses with plates, magnets, crafts with the image of the coat of arms
- marble crafts or decorative plates
- silverware
- ashtray in the form of a bunker
- wooden kitchen utensils
- Albanian national clothes
- carpets
- lighters and flags in red with the image of the national emblem of the country
- the famous Korca beer
- cognac Skandenberg
- local vodka - rakia
- spices and olives
21. "Neither a nail nor a wand" or customs regulations
Duty-free import into Albania is allowed up to 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 250 gr. tobacco, up to 1 liter strong alcoholic drinks and up to 2 liters. wines, up to 250 ml. toilet water and up to 50 ml. spirits. Import and export local currency prohibited. Import of foreign currency is not limited, export is allowed within $5 thousand.
The import of firearms and ammunition, pornographic materials and drugs is strictly prohibited. A special permit is required for the export of precious metals, antiques, national costumes that have artistic value, historical books and works of art. The export of antiquities, including stones from archaeological sites, is prohibited.
22. Language
Albanian language in Albania is the official language.
What about sockets?
Voltage in the electrical network of Albania: 220 Volt, frequency 50 Hz. Socket type: Type C, Type F
23. Phone code of Albania:
Code of the country: +355
First level geographic domain name: .al
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